One new neolignan identified as 2, 3-( trans) -dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) methyl]-7-methoxybenzofuran-5-propenoic acid (1) and five known steroidal glycosides namely torvoside A(2), torvoside C(3), torvoside H(4), solanolactoside A (5), (25S)-6alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3-one-6-0-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3-beta3)-beta-D-D-quinovopyr-anoside] (6) were isolated from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis.
Fruit ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Solanum ; chemistry

Objective To assess the value of real-time intraoperative neuronavigation integrated with ultrasound in the resection of deep-seated brain tumor. Methods Thirty patients with deep-seated brain tumor were treated with microneurosurgery guided with real-time ultrasound integrated with the Brain Lab IGSonic navigation. During the ultrasound based operation, the degree of brain shift and the tumor border was timely observed, and then the tumor was resected totally. Results Guiding with navigation integrated ultrasound, we noticed the brain shift with various degrees happening in 30 patients,and the border of tumor was exposed and the tumor was resected totally without serious complications.Conclusions Intraoperative ultrasound integrated with navigation is a reliable guidance which can accurately re-localize the border of deep-seated brain tumor even when the tumor is shifting, timely delineate the reformatted images from ultrasound and totally resectcd the tumor, thus decrease the surgical time and increase the safety of surgical procedure.

Objective To explore the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with a family history of hypertension.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3874 adolescents ages 13-18 years,with normal BP in 3724 people.Based on family history of hypertension (FH),the cohort of adolescents were dichoto- mized as postive family history (FH~+,n=1145) and negative (FH~-,n=2579).Height,weight,waist circum- ference,hip circumference,blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were determined.Results FH~+ adolescents had signifi- cantly higher levels of body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,WHR,FPG,TC and LDL-C(P

Objective To delineate the relationship between body mass index(BMI),waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)and hypertension in adolescents.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3874 adolescents ages 13-18 years.They were classified into four groups according to BMI and WHtR,group A:normal BMI and WHtR

OBJECTIVETo find out how to prepare high-density dental ceramics through isostatic pressing so that sintering shrinkage will be reduced.

METHODSTo prepare Al2O3/ZrO2 composite powder first, then to mold through dry-pressing, and to shape the green-body through isostatic pressing. The green-bodies were sintered at the temperature of 1 400 degrees C and kept at the temperature for different period of time (2 h, 3 h, 4 h). After that, the density and fracture strength were measured and the microstructure observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

RESULTSThe sample product's density, line-shrinkage, and fracture strength of ceramics was rising with the sintering time lengthened. The sample product kept under the temperature of 1 400 degrees C for 4 hours, the fracture strength was (497.27 +/- 78.45) MPa and glass phase distributed evenly in the ceramics and the grains were integrated owing to the glass phase. The longer the sintering time, the more even the microstructure was.

CONCLUSIONThe sintering quality and the efficiency were improved through isostatic pressing.

Ceramics ; Dental Materials ; Glass ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo investigate the involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the facial inflammatory pain in relation to thermal hyperalgesia and cold pain sensation.

METHODSFacial inflammatory pain model was developed by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil (TO) into rat facial area. Head withdrawal thermal latency (HWTL) and head withdrawal cold latency (HWCL) were measured once a day for 21 d after TO treatment using thermal and cold measurement apparatus. The immunohistochemical staining, cell-size frequency analysis and the survey of average optical density (OD) value were used to observe the changes of TRPV1 expression in the neurons of the trigeminal ganglion (TG), peripheral nerve fibers in the vibrissal pad, and central projection processes in the trigeminal sensory nuclei caudalis (Vc) on day 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 after TO injection.

RESULTSHWTL and HWCL decreased significantly from day 1 to day 14 after TO injection with the lowest value on day 5 and day 3, respectively, and both recovered on day 21. The number of TRPV1-labeled neurons increased remarkably from day 1 to day 14 with a peak on day 7, and returned back to the normal level on day 21. In control rats, only small and medium-sized TG neurons were immunoreactive (IR) to TRPV1, and the TRPV1-IR terminals were abundant in both the vibrissal pad and the Vc. Within 2 weeks of inflammation, the expression of TRPV1 in small and medium-sized TG neurons increased obviously. Also the TRPV1 stained terminals and fibers appeared more frequent and denser in both the vibrissal pad skin and throughout laminae I and the outer zone of laminae II (IIo) of Vc.

CONCLUSIONFacial inflammatory pain could induce hyperalgesia to noxious heat and cold stimuli, and result in increase of the numbers of TRPV1 positive TG neurons and the peripheral and central terminals of TG. These results suggest that the phenotypic changes of TRPV1 expression in small and medium-sized TG neurons and terminals might play an important role in the development and maintenance of TO-induced inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia and cold pain sensation.

Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Facial Pain ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hot Temperature ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Pain Threshold ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; TRPV Cation Channels ; metabolism ; Thermosensing ; physiology ; Trigeminal Ganglion ; cytology ; metabolism ; Turpentine ; administration & dosage

The characteristics of purinoceptors in the membrane of rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons were studied by using whole- cell patch clamp technique. The results showed that most of neurons examined (78.9%, 142/180) were responsive to ATP in a concentration-dependent manner; the others (21.1%, 38/180) were ATP insensitive. Of the ATP-sensitive cells, the majority (95.1%, 135/142) responded to ATP with an inward current, a few (2.1%, 3/142) with an outward current, and the rest (2.8%, 4/142) with biphasic current. Small sized cells (<30 mum) responded to ATP with a rapid desensitizing inward current and were highly sensitive to vanilloid; the medium sized cells (30~40 mum) responded to ATP with slow desensitizing inward current and were not sensitive to vanilloid; while the majority of large sized cells (>40 mum) did not respond to ATP and vanilloid. The waveform of ATP-activated inward currents was related to the cell diameter. The I-V curves for both small and medium sized cells manifested obvious inward rectification. Furthermore, we studied the kinetic features of ATP-activated currents and the effects of P2 purinoceptor agonists and antagonists on I(ATP). The findings suggest that ATP receptor-ion channels are expressed differently among different types of rat TG neurons.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Neurons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X ; physiology ; Trigeminal Ganglion ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVE: To study the age, clinical, enteroscopic and pathological characteristics of colorectal polyps and factors affected polyp-carcinoma. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical, enteroscopic and pathological characteristics of 7276 cases of colorectal polyps. RESULTS The incidence of colorectal polyps was 10.94%, including 521 men and 275 women. The rate of colorectal polyp was 82.29% in 30-69 year olds. The adenomatous, inflammatory, hyperplastic and juvenile polyps were 43.84%, 42.09%, 11.06% and 1.51%, respectively. Polypoid lesions were located at cecum 3.29%, ascending 11.88%, transverse 4.89%, descending 11.58%, sigmoid 26.05%, and rectum 42.32%. Thirty-five cases (4.4%) were found to have polpous canceration. The canceration rates in villous, mixed and tubular adenomas were 29.73%, 11.11%, and 4.86%. The rate of canceration seemed to depend on its dimensions, being 1.3%, 7.4%, and 25.6% for the 0.6 - 1.0 cm, 1.1 - 1.9 cm, and > or = 2.0 cm in size, respectively. Conclusion The ages between 30-69 tend to suffer from colorectal polyps. The incidence in the male is higher than that in the female. Colorectal polyps are more likely to locate in left colon. The common pathological types were adenomatous and inflammatory polyps. There is a high canceration of polyps in the left colon, villous adenomas and > or = 2.0 cm polyps. The broader the pedicles and the larger the diameters of polyps are, the higher the canceration rate. All of the colon polyps should be excised and undergo the pathological examination. Enteroscopic polypectomy helps prevent colorectal polpous canceration.
Adenoma ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Colonic Polyps ; pathology ; surgery ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Polyps ; pathology ; surgery ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methods of isolating and identifying human adipose derived EPCs.

METHODSThe cells obtained from human lipoaspirates were plated on culture dishes coated with human fibronectin and were cultured in DMEM containing 2% FBS. Cells of passage 2 cultured in EGM-2 (2% FBS) served as the induced cells (experimental group), with cells cultured in DMEM (2% FBS) as the non-induced cells (control group) . Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of cell markers, including CD34, vWF and PECAM-1. FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorter) was used to quantitatively analyze the expression rate of cell markers (CD34, CD45, CD133 and PECAM-1). Fluorescence microscope was used to observe the function of taking up DiI-ac-LDL by the induced cells. To determine the ability of forming capillary-like structure in three-dimensional matrices, the induced cells were also cultured in methylcellulose.

RESULTSThe induced cells of passage 2 exhibited cobblestone morphology, similar to that of the endothelial cells. In contrast, these morphological changes were not observed in non-induced cells. Immunofluorescence detected expression of vWF, PECAM-1 in induced cells and CD34 in non-induced cells. FACS analysis showed (67.41 +/- 13.35)% of the induced cells expressed PECAM-1 and (6.73 +/- 2.21)% of the non-induced cells expressed PECAM-1 (P < 0.01), while (72.39 +/- 13.45)% of the non-induced cells expressed CD34 and (16.06 +/- 3.86)% of the induced cells expressed CD34 (P < 0.01). Fluorescence microscopy observed the induced cells took up low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The formation of "branch-like" structure confirmed their functional activity.

CONCLUSIONEPCs derived from human adipose may serve as another source of seeding cells for vascular tissue engineering.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Cell Count ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Objective To investigate the consensus and controversies on the delineation of radiotherapy target volume for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC).Methods Questionnaires including 15 questions on the delineation of radiotherapy target volume of NSCLC were sent to 12 radiation departments in China in November 2015.A patient with LA-NSCLC was selected by Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and simulation CT images and medical history data were sent to the 12 radiation departments.Twelve radiation oncologists from the 12 radiation departments showed and explained the delineation of radiotherapy target volume of their own, and the patient was discussed by all experts in the sixth multidisciplinary summit forum of precise radiotherapy and chemotherapy for tumor and lung cancer.Results All receivers of the questionnaire answered the questions.The standard lung window width/level for the delineation of lung cancer was 800-1600/-600 to-750 HU, and the mediastinum window was 350-400/20-40 HU.Respiratory movement was measured by stimulator, 4D-CT, and stimulator+4D-CT with 2-5 mm expansion based on experience.The primary clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as gross target volume (GTV) plus 5-6 mm for squamous carcinoma/5-8 mm for adenocarcinoma.The metastatic lesion of mediastinal lymph nodes was delineated as 5 mm plus primary lesion in 6 departments and as primary lesion in another 6 departments.Of the 12 departments, 10 applied 5 mm of set-up error, 1 applied 3 mm, and 1 applied 4-6 mm.For V20 of the lungs, 10 departments defined it as<30%, 1 as<35%, and 1 as 28%.Nine departments defined the radiation dose of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for LA-NSCLC as 60 Gy in 30 fractions, 62.7 Gy in 33 fractions in 1 department, 50-60 Gy in 25-30 fractions in 1 department, and 60-70 Gy in 25-30 fractions in 1 department.For the delineation of target volume for the LA-NSCLC patient treated with CCRT, the primary planning target volume (PTV) was defined as GTV plus organ movement (IGTV) and set-up error (GTV→IGTV→PTV) in 3 departments, as CTV plus organ movement (ITV) and set-up error (GTV→CTV→ITV→PTV) in 8 departments, and as CTV plus set-up error/IGTV plus 5-6 mm for squamous carcinoma/5-8 mm for adenocarcinoma (CTV) and set-up error (GTV→CTV→PTV/GTV→IGTV→CTV→PTV) in 1 department.For the delineation of PTV in the mediastinal lymph node, GTV→IGTV→PTV was performed in 3 departments, GTV→CTV→ITV→PTV in 8 departments, and GTV→CTV→PTV in 1 department.For 10%-100% patients with LA-NSCLC, the radiation field needed to be replanned when 38-50 Gy was completed.There was no unified standard for the optimal standardized uptake value (SUV) of positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) simulation and delineation.Seven departments had applied magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) simulation and 10 departments had applied stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for the treatment of early-stage NSCLC.For the delineation of PTV for early-stage NSCLC (T1-2N0M0), GTV→IGTV→PTV was performed in 5 departments, IGTV→PTV in 3 departments, and GTV→CTV→ITV→PTV in 2 departments.In all the 12 departments, peripheral early-stage NSCLC was given 6.0-12.5 Gy/fraction, 3-12 fractions and central early-stage NSCLC was given 4.6-10.0 Gy/fraction, 5-10 fractions.The results of discussion on the delineation of target volume for the patient were as follows:respiratory movements should be measured by 4D-CT or simulator;the lung window width/level is 1600/-600 HU and the mediastinal window width/level is 400/20 HU;the primary controversy is whether the involved-field irradiation or elective nodal irradiation should be used for the delineation of CTVnd in the mediastinal lymph node.Conclusions Basic consensus is reached for the delineation of target volume in LANSCLC in these aspects:lung window width/level, respiratory movements and set-up error, primary lesion delineation, the radiation dose in CCRT, and the optimal time for replanning the radiation field.There are controversies on the optimal SUV in the delineation of target volume based on PET-CT simulation, the optimal dose fractionation in SBRT for early-stage NSCLC, and the delineation of CTVnd.