Objective To investigate knowledge requirements of hemodialysis patients in induction phase and the perception of nurses and compare differences between them,then provide a theory basis for improving patients' quality of life and developing health education.Methods A questionnaire was designed to investigate 63patients of hemodialysis in induction phase and 45 nurses of Hemopurification center about knowledge and perception.Results 82.54% of hemodialysis patients hope to receive health education related hemodialysis knowledge.There were striking differences on expenses of hemodialysis,protection of vascular access,diet instruction,complication of hemodialysis and its treatment and the interval of hemodialysis.On the effect of hemodialysis,the highest requirement was patients and nurse' s knowledge.Conclusions Hemodialysis patients'knowledge requirement is comparably higher.It also suggested that the main way in health education should facus on communication between doctors and nurses.

Objective Toinvestigatetheprevalenceofurinaryincontinenceanditseffectonlifequalityamongfemale adultsinHangzhou,andtoprovideevidencetothecontroloffemaleurinaryincontinence.Methods Aquestionnaire survey was performed in Gongshu and Xiacheng districts in Hangzhou from October 2013 to June 2014,and 4 563 women aged over 20 years were interviewed through a questionnaire including International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Lower Urinary Tract,IQ-FLUTS and demographic information.Single and multi factor logistic regression analysiswereusedtoanalyzetheriskfactorsofurinaryincontinence.Results Atotalof4785questionnairesweresent, and 4 563 effective questionnaires were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.4%.The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 33.5%(1 530/4 563),and female with older age tended to have a higher prevalence of UI(P<0.01).Among which stress urinary incontinence (SUI ),urge incontinence (UUI )and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI ) were accounted for 20.2%(922/4 563),3.0%(135/4 563)and 10.3%(473/4 563)respectively.UUI and MUI had a greater effect on quality of life.According to the multi factor logistic regression analysis,gravidity,age,constipation,pelvic surgery and fat (BMI>24)wereriskfactorsforurinaryincontinence(P<0.05).Conclusion Becauseofthehighprevalenceofurinary incontinence among female adults,more attention should be paid to urinary incontinence suffers in order to improve the quality of life of female adults.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the variation of p73 gene expression in the apoptotic process of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line U937 induced by methotrexate (MTX). Morphological changes of apoptotic cells were observed with microscopy and Wright's + Giemsa staining. DNA ladder and cell cycle were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry respectively. Using semi-quantitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the expression of p73 mRNA was examined. Results showed that MTX could induce U937 cell apoptosis effectively. Condensed nuclei, fragmentation of chromosome and DNA ladder were seen after 6 hour following treatment of MTX 5 micro mol/L. Sub-G(1) peak and S + G(2)/M arrest were also determined by FCM, but the quantity of p73 expression was generally constant. In conclusion, U937 cell apoptosis induced by MTX did not change p73 mRNA level.
Acute Disease ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Methotrexate ; pharmacology ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Protein p73 ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; U937 Cells

To explore the effect of glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) on the adhesion function of bone marrow mononuclear cell from patients with myeloid leukemia and analyze its mechanism, the activity of GPI-PLD in bone marrow mononuclear cell from the patients were measured by using GPI-anchored placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) as substrate and Triton-X114 partitioning; the adhesion rate and CD24 expression of these cells were measured by MTT and immunohistochemical method respectively, when these cells were or were not treated by 1 mmol/L 1,10-phenanthroline for 5 hours. The results showed that the GPI-PLD activity of bone marrow mononuclear cells from the patients was significantly inhibited after being treated by 1 mmol/L 1, 10-phenanthroline for 5 hours [(42.08 +/- 7.21)% vs (5.4 +/- 2.96)%], while the adhesion rate and the expression of CD24 of these cells were increased [(49.78 +/- 26.73)% vs (61.19 +/- 29.14)%, (16.02 +/- 9.68)% vs (18.5 +/- 11.14)%, respectively)]. It is concluded that depression of GPI-PLD activity can increase the adhesion rate of bone marrow mononuclear cells from the patients while the CD24 expression is enhanced.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD24 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukemia, Myeloid ; blood ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenanthrolines ; pharmacology ; Phospholipase D ; blood ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the genetic association of apolipoprotein (apo) E and apoCI gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China.

METHODSapoE genotypes were identified by multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (multi-ARMS) and the apoCI promoter polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 186 cases with CHD (age: 65.0 +/- 10.5 years) and 350 controls (age: 63.6 +/- 8.3 years). The haplotype frequencies were estimated.

RESULTSThe frequencies of apoE E4/3 genotype (26.9%) and epsilon4 (14.5%) in CHD group were significantly higher than that in the control group (12.6%, 7.0%), P <0.05. The significant difference was also found for the apoCI locus and the CHD group showed higher rate of both for the H2 allele and genotypes, carrying this allele. Estimation of the haplotype frequencies indicated that the association between the apoE-CI haplotype and CHD was significantly strong. The apoE-epsilon4/apoCI-H2 was estimated to be responsible for 9.86% of CHD.

CONCLUSIONWhen the subjects carrying both epsilon4 and H2 alleles, they would have higher risk of suffering from CHD than controls.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Apolipoproteins C ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Risk Factors

This study was purposed to investigate the expression and significance of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) isolated from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), GPI-PLD activity in BMMNC isolated from 78 patients with AML and 15 normal persons was measured by using GPI-anchored placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) as a substrate and Triton X-114 phase partitioning. The GPI-PLD mRNA expression was measured by semi-quantitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that the mRNA expression level and activity of GPI-PLD in BMMNC from de novo AML patients were 1.86 +/- 0.32 and 46.96 +/- 7.15% respectively; the mRNA expression level and activity of GPI-PLD in BMMNC from completely remission and refractory or relapsed patients were 1.26 +/- 0.29, 33.36 +/- 5.13%and 1.79 +/- 0.19, 44.31 +/- 7.22%, while those in BMMNC from normal controls were 1.27 +/- 0.23, 35.38 +/- 5.15% respectively. The mRNA expression level and activity of GPI-PLD in de novo and refractory or relapsed patients were obviously higher than those in normal controls with significant difference (p < 0.01), while the comparison between remitted patients and normal controls showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the expression level of GPI-PLD mRNA coincides with GPI-PLD activity. The mRNA expression and activity of GPI-PLD in de novo and refractory or relapsed patients are obviously higher than those in normal controls. It is worthy of further exploring whether GPI-PLD plays a certain role in process of leukemia pathogenesis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phospholipase D ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Young Adult

This study was purposed to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMChR) on leukemia K562 cells as well as the variation of caspase-3 activity and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) expression of K562 cells during the process of apoptosis. MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effect of BrMChR on proliferation of K562 cells. Cell apoptosis was assayed by AO/EB staining under fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The expression level of p-Akt was measured by Western blot. The results showed that BrMChR had the inhibitory effect on proliferation of K562 cells and could induce apoptosis of these cells in dose-dependent manner, and these effects were significantly stronger than ChR. After treatment of K562 cells with 3 µmol/L ChR for 12 hours, the apoptosis rate was only 3.68%, but the apoptosis rate of K562 cells treated with 3 µmol/L BrMChR was 21.8%. In the same time, the caspase-3 activity significantly increased (p < 0.05), but the expression of p-Akt was down-regulated (p < 0.01). It is concluded that BrMChR can induce apoptosis of K562 cells and with effect stronger than chR. P-Akt may participate in the apoptosis process of K562 cells induced by BrMChR.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the physiopathologic basis of Weikangfu Granule (WKFG) in treating precancerosis of gastric mucosa in patients of chronic gastritis with Pi-deficiency syndrome (CG-PDS).

METHODSOne hundred and fifteen patients of CG-PDS who suffered from intestinal metaplasia (IM) and atypical hyperplasia (ATHP) of gastric mucosa, were divided into two groups. The treated group (n = 61) was treated by WKFG with its ingredients modified according to the syndrome type of patients. The control group (n = 54) was treated with Weishu granule. The histopathological and subcellular ultrastructural changes were detected by optical microscope, screening electronic microscope, transmission electronic microscope and histochemical staining; the nuclear and mitochondrial ultrastructure of gastric mucosa were analyzed with energy dispersion X-ray analyser and image analysis system. And the changes of cAMP, lipid peroxide (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) before and after treatment in the treated group were measured and compared with those of the health control group consisting of 15 volunteers.

RESULTSThe symptomatic and pathological therapeutic effect in the treated group were significantly superior to those in the control group (P < 0.05). The contents of Zn, Cu, cAMP, SOD and (3)H-TdR LCT in gastric mucosa of the treated group before treatment were all lower than those of the healthy control group, yet all these indexes markedly increased after treatment, while serum LPO level, which increased before treatment was lowered after treatment. All the changes showed statistical significance (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONWKFG can reverse IM and ATHP in patients of CG-PDS, and the effect may be realized by way of increasing the level of Zn, Cu, cAMP and SOD in gastric mucosa, promoting cell differentiation, enhancing cellular immunity and reducing oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Copper ; analysis ; Cyclic AMP ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gastric Mucosa ; chemistry ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; pathology ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxides ; analysis ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis ; Syndrome ; Yang Deficiency ; complications ; Zinc ; analysis

BACKGROUNDMost of the studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) 'spleen' deficiency syndrome in the recent 30 years were conducted only on the basis of single functional index, neglecting the study on the pathophysiologic internal relationship between spleen deficiency syndrome and gastric diseases in modern medicine. But it was at the subcellular molecular biological level that we explored the pathophysiologic basis of classification of spleen deficiency in chronic gastritis by detecting the bioactive substances in gastric mucosa nuclei and mitochondria.

METHODSBy means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and histochemical staining, we conducted histopathological, subcellular ultrastructural analysis and nuclei and mitochondrial ultrastructural analysis of gastric mucosa of 188 spleen deficiency patients and of 42 voluntary blood donors. At the same time, bioactive substances were measured by means of X-ray energy dispersive analysis system (EDAX) image analysis system, radioimmunoassay method and chemiluminescence method.

RESULTSThe content of cAMP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Zn and Cu in gastric mucosa, and the content of Zn and Cu in mitochondria decreased progressively in order of groups: healthy control (HC), spleen Qi deficiency without organic lesion (F-SQD), spleen Yang deficiency without organic lesion (F-SyangD), disease without symptoms group, spleen Qi deficiency with organic lesion (G-SQD), spleen Yang deficiency with organic lesion (G-SyangD), spleen Yin deficiency (SyinD) and spleen deficiency with Qi stagnation (SDQS), chronic spleen deficiency gastritis (CSG) and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG); decreased in order of HC, intestinal metaplasia (IM)Ia, IMIb, IMIIa and IMIIb, P < 0.05. The content of DNA, Zn and Cu in nuclei progressively increased in order mentioned above, P < 0.05.

CONCLUSIONSThe quantitative changes of gastric mucosal cAMP, SOD, Zn, Cu, of mitochondrial Zn, Cu and of nuclear DNA, Zn and Cu are not only the substance base on which the lesion of gastric mucosa tissue structure occurs, but also the substance base on which spleen deficiency is classified. G-SQD and G-SyangD were more likely to be found in low-grade or middle-grade CSG and CAG, while SyinD and SDQS in middle-grade or high-grade CSG, CAG and IMIIb.

Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Cyclic AMP ; analysis ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Gastritis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxides ; blood ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Splenic Diseases ; classification ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between differential activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction system and apoptosis in PC12 cells induced by electromagnetic irradiation.

METHODSCultured PC12 cells were exposed to 65 mW/cm(2) electromagnetic wave for 20 min. The PC12 cells apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry 0, 3, 12, 24 h after electromagnetic irradiation. The phosphorylations of ERK1/2, JNK and P38 MAPK were tested by Western-blot.

RESULTSElectromagnetic irradiation induced apoptosis in PC12 cells soon after irradiation. The apoptotic rate of PC12 cells increased to about 23.5% at 3 h. But compared with that at 3 h, there was no significant difference in the apoptotic rate at 12 h (P > 0.05). The apoptotic rate of PC12 cells increased sharply again at 24 h. After exposure to electromagnetic irradiation, the phosphorylations of ERK1/2 and JNK increased significantly. The increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 lasted for 3 hours, but of JNK lasted for 12 hours, and 24 hours after irradiation. The phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and JNK were significantly lower than that of control. The phosphorylation of P38 MAPK was always higher after electromagnetic irradiation, and there were two phosphorylation peaks at 3 h and 24 h.

CONCLUSIONThe electromagnetic irradiation can induce the activation of MAPK signal transduction system, and ERK1/2, JNK, P38 MAPK showed differential activation. The differential activation of MAPKs may play an important role in the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by electromagnetic irradiation.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Blotting, Western ; Flow Cytometry ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; physiology ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; radiation effects ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; physiology