Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletes ; Boxing ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Physical Education and Training ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps for skin defects at forepart of feet.

METHODSFrom January 2004 to October 2008,15 cases of skin defects at forepart of feet were repaired with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. The flap size ranged from 3.5 cm x 3.0 cm to 8 cm x 5 cm. The wounds at donor site were closed with skin graft.

RESULTSAll the flaps survived completely with no ulcer at the donor site. 10 patients were followed up for 1 to approximately 9 months. The skin color and texture were satisfactory. The patients could walk very well.

CONCLUSIONSIt is reliable to repair the skin defects at forepart of feet with reverse saphenous nerve neurocutaneous flaps. It is easily performed with less morbidity.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Foot Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation ; Young Adult

Twenty five new beta-aminoalcohols containing nabumetone moiety were prepared via the reduction of potassium borohydride with a convenient and efficient procedure, starting from beta-aminoketones that have been synthesized by our group. Their chemical structures were determined by IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HR-MS and antidiabetic activities were screened in vitro. Preliminary results revealed that the antidiabetic activity of most beta-aminoalcohols were better than that of the corresponding beta-aminoketones. Although most compounds showed weak antidiabetic activity, the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of compounds 5hd(1) and 5id(2) reached 74.37% and 90.15%, respectively, which were superior to the positive control. The relative peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element (PPRE) activity of five compounds were more than 60%, among them compound 5ca possessed the highest activity (112.59%). As lead molecules of antidiabetic agents, compounds 5hd(1), 5id(2) and 5ca deserve further study.
Amino Alcohols ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Butanones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors ; agonists ; metabolism ; Response Elements ; alpha-Glucosidases ; metabolism

The purpose of study was to investigate the feasibility of the application of cationic propyl gallate (C-PG) as inducer of platelet aggregation for evaluating the platelet function of single-donor plateletpheresis and identifying the incidence of defective platelet function among donors. Experiments were as follows: 3 healthy volunteers' platelet aggregation induced by 100-300 micromol/L C-PG was determined by LG-PABER analyzer to observe the effect of C-PG concentration on platelet aggregation; 30 healthy volunteers' platelet aggregation before and 24 hours after administration of 200-400 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was examined after induction by 200 micromol/L C-PG for determining the cut-off value to discriminate platelet dysfunction donors; the platelet aggregation of 483 platelet donors was detected and the activated plasma clotting time (APCT) of donors who have deficiency in platelet aggregation was examined for investigating the incidence of defective platelet function among donors. The results showed that platelets were activated by C-PG induction in a dose dependent manner, when concentration of C-PG reached 200 micromol/L, the percentage of platelet aggregation was highest. It significantly decreased after 24 hours with ASA than that before the administration (P < 0.001), especially in 180 seconds induced by C-PG. If cut-off point was fixed on the platelet aggregation < 20% in 180 seconds, donors of platelet dysfunction can be selected effectively. 25 of defective platelet aggregation function among 483 donors were detected, and 11 out of 25 platelet dysfunction donors had the deficiency in procoagulant activity with prolonged APCT. It is concluded that C-PG as inducer of platelet aggregation is feasible to screen the platelet function of donors. Five percent of platelet donors has function defect examined by C-PG as inducer of platelet aggregation.
Antioxidants ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Aspirin ; administration & dosage ; Blood Donors ; Blood Platelets ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cations ; chemistry ; Humans ; Platelet Activation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Platelet Function Tests ; Platelet Transfusion ; Propyl Gallate ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Whole Blood Coagulation Time

OBJECTIVETo observe the migration and differentiation of the neural precursor cells (NPCs) that derived from murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) when they were transplanted into amyloid beta (A beta)-treated rat hippocampus.

METHODSMESPU35, a murine ESC cell line that express the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), was induced differentiation into nestin-positive NPCs by modified serum-free methods. The A beta plaques and the differentiation of the grafted cells were observed by immunofluorescent staining.

RESULTSComparing 16 weeks with 4 weeks post-transplantation, the migration distance increased about 5 times; the rate of migratory NPCs differentiating into glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells kept rising from (30.41+/-1.45) % to (49.25+/-1.23) %, and the rate of NPCs differentiating into neurofilament 200 (NF200) positive cells increased from (16.68+/-0.95) % to (27.94+/-1.21) %. Meanwhile, the GFAP-positive cells targeting to the ipsilateral side of A beta plaques increased from 60.2% to 81.3%, while the NF200-positive cells increased from 61.3% to 84.1%. The migration distance had significant positive linear correlations to the neuronal differentiation rate (r = 0.991) and to the astrocytic differentiation rate (r = 0.953).

CONCLUSIONEngrafted NPCs migrate targetedly to the A beta injection site and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; transplantation ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; physiology ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; physiology ; transplantation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stem Cell Transplantation

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of different ways in repairing scrotum of pigs with full-thickness burn on spermatogenesis of testis.

METHODSTwenty male Guizhou miniature pigs were divided into normal control (NC), natural-healing (NH), flap-repairing (FR), and skin-grafting (SG) groups according to the random number table, with 5 pigs in each group. Pigs in NC group were not subjected to any injury. Scrotum of pigs in the latter three groups were inflicted with full-thickness burn. Wounds in NH group healed naturally. Wounds in FR group were repaired with inguinal region flap, and those in SG group with full-thickness skin from lower abdomen. Appearance of scrotum in the latter three groups was observed right after injury, and three months post injury or surgery (PIM or PSM). Specimens of testes of pigs in the latter three groups were obtained in PIM or PSM 3 to detect apoptosis of spermatogenic cells with TUNEL, and bcl-2 protein expression with immunohistochemistry. The same indexes were observed and determined in pigs of NC group. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD test.

RESULTS(1) Scrotum of pigs in NC group had skin folds with contraction function. Scrotum of pigs became hard with a leathery appearance right after burn in the other three groups. In PIM or PSM 3, wounds of pigs in NH group healed with scar, and the testes were squeezed into inguinal region. Scrotal skin of pigs in FR group was thick with testes in the scrotum, and that of pigs in SG group was thin with testes in the scrotum. (2) Spermatogenic cells in each level in NC group were arranged regularly, with few apoptotic spermatocytes and spermatoblasts. In NH, FR, and SG groups, seminiferous epithelium was thinner with most of the spermatogenic cells showing apoptosis, and they were mainly spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Apoptotic index of spermatogenic cells in NH, FR, SG, and NC groups was respectively (46.3 ± 3.3)%, (40.9 ± 3.5)%, (20.6 ± 2.3)%, (7.5 ± 1.9)%, and the difference among them was statistically significant (F = 405.65, P < 0.01). There were significant statistical differences among the former three groups (with P values below 0.01). (3) bcl-2 protein expression in NH, FR, SG, and NC groups was respectively (52 ± 5)%, (53 ± 4)%, (64 ± 5)%, (75 ± 5)%, and the difference among them was statistically significant (F = 56.63, P < 0.01). There was no significant statistical difference in bcl-2 expression between NH group and FR group (P = 0.66), and it was lower in both groups as compared with SG group (with P values below 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSEither scar healing, flap transplantation, or SG in repairing scrotum with full-thickness burn in pigs inhibits spermatogenesis, but repair with SG produces less deleterious effect on the testis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Scrotum ; injuries ; metabolism ; Skin Transplantation ; Spermatogenesis ; Swine

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of different methods of scrotal reconstruction on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and expression of the bcl-2 protein in patients with third-degree scrotal burns.

METHODSForty male and 24 female 2-month-old Guizhou mini-pigs were used in this study, the former equally randomized to groups I (normal control), II (natural healing), III (skin grafting) and IV (skin flap grafting). Ten months after the establishment of the model of third-degree burns, 6 male pigs from each group were paired with the female pigs and fed for 3 weeks. Then the female pigs were fed for another 4 months, followed by observation of their reproductivity. At 12 months, the bilateral testes were taken from the male pigs for detection of the apoptosis index of spermatogenic cells by TUNEL and determination of the expression of the bcl-2 protein by immunohistochemistry. The data obtained were subjected to single factor analysis of variance.

RESULTSThe apoptosis indexes of spermatogenic cells were (7.07 +/- 3.5), (40.34 +/- 4.85), (15.14 +/- 1.36) and (39.29 +/- 5.73)% in groups I , II, III and IV, respectively, significantly higher in groups II , III and IV than in I (P<0.05), with statistically significant differences between group III and groups II and IV (P<0.05) but not between II and IV (P>0.05). The expression rates of the bcl-2 protein were (75.07 +/- 3.74), (54.93 +/- 4.03), (66.85 +/- 3.06) and (53.33 +/- 5.22)% in groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively, remarkably higher in I than in the other three (P<0.05), with significant differences between group III and groups II and IV (P<0.05) but not between II and IV (P>0.05). Pregnancies were found in all the female pigs of group I with 10.0 +/- 1.18 newborns and in 4 of group III with 9.92 +/- 1.31 newborns, but in none of groups II and IV, with significant differences between group I and the other three (P<0.05) as well as between group III and groups II and IV (P<0.05), but not between II and IV (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAll the three methods of reconstruction for the scrotum with third-degree burns can suppress spermatogenic function, increase the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and decrease the expression of the bcl-2 protein, among which, skin grafting least affects spermatogenic function.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Scrotum ; injuries ; metabolism ; surgery ; Seminiferous Epithelium ; cytology ; metabolism ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Spermatogenesis ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anatomy of the medial pedis composite flaps with saphenous nerve and tendon and its application in the repair of tendo calcaneus and adjacent defects.

METHODS10 cadavers (20 sides) were observed. The origin, course, size and the distribution of the medial plantar artery were studied. 12 cases with tendo calcaneus and adjacent defects were reconstructed with the medial pedis composite flaps with saphenous nerve. Donor site defects were covered with free skin graft.

RESULTSThe medial plantar artery gives off deep branch [diameter (1.5 +/- 0.3) mm] and superficial branch [diameter (1.0 +/- 0.2) mm]. In 18 sides, the deep branches give off the medial branches and lateral branches. While in 2 sides, the superficial branches give off the medial branches and lateral branches with no big branches from the deep branches. There are branches of saphenous nerve and medial dorsal cutaneous nerve in the flap. All the flaps were survived. 8 cases were followed up for one months to one years. Good color, texture and function of the flaps were achieved.

CONCLUSIONSThe medial pedis composite flaps with saphenous nerve can repair tendo calcaneus and adjacent defects. It is a easy and safe procedure with reliable anatomy and good results.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Foot ; blood supply ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Nerves ; anatomy & histology ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; innervation ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) combined with Tongdan: Decoction () on immunological indices and histopathological changes in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) of IIor III histological stage.

METHODSSixty PBC patients were assigned randomly and equally: to the control group treated with UDCA alone and the treatment group treated with UDCA combined with Tongdan Decoction. The immunological indices and histopathological changes were detected before and after 24-week treatment, and the follow-up lasted for 1-3 years.

RESULTSAfter 24-week treatment, CD4(+)CD28(-) in the peripheral blood was lowered and CD4(+)CD25(+) was increased in both groups, and better effect was shown in the treatment group (P<0.01). The levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA decreased markedly after 96-week treatment in the treatment group (P< 0.05, P< 0.01), while in the control group, only the latter two showed significant decrease after 148 week (all P<0.05). At the end of the 3-year follow-up, the medians of histopathological

CONCLUSIONCombined therapy of Tongdan Decoction and UDCA showed a better therapeutic effect: than UDCA monotherapy on PBC, especially in improving immunological indices and histopathological hepatic changes.

Antigens, CD ; blood ; Biomarkers ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Inflammation ; blood ; complications ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of perforator flaps of medial head of gastrocnemius muscle on repairing popliteal fossa scar wounds.

METHODSTen patients with scar in popliteal fossa hospitalized from January 2005 to January 2010 were repaired with perforator flaps of medial head of gastrocnemius muscle. The scar was resulted from burn in 8 patients, and from operation in 2. The duration of the scar was 3 months to 11 years, and area of the scar ranging from 6 cm × 3 cm to 10 cm × 6 cm. Ultrasonic Doppler was used to detect the musculocutaneous perforator vessel of the medial sural artery at the position 10 to 17 cm from the fold of the popliteal fossa and 2 to 5 cm from the posterior midline before surgery. Then flap transplantation surgery was performed. Donor site wounds with width less than 5 cm were sutured directly, and those wider than 5 cm were repaired with skin transplantation.

RESULTSAll the flaps survived. Flap size ranged from 7 cm × 5 cm to 12 cm × 7 cm. All patients were followed up for 3 to 30 months, and the flaps were found to have a good appearance. Patients could walk with heavy load without lameness. The function of knee joint of the affected limb was the same as that of the opposite limb. No obvious depression was observed in donor sites.

CONCLUSIONSThe perforator flaps of medial head of gastrocnemius muscle can be used to repair the popliteal fossa scar wound with satisfactory result.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cicatrix ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult