In this paper, we expatiate the advance of Tricholoma matsutake including distributing, environment, pure culture, domesticating cultivation and artificial forcing breeding in the area of Changbai Mountain of China.

Comparative analysis of characteristic of species and esterase-isoenzyme of isolates of Polyporus umbel-latus from different regions were processed. The results indicated that isolates of Jizhaoling ( Z) and Zhushiling (ZJ) have significant differences in characteristic, and enzymatic band types of the two species also have significant differences. The homology at genetics between the two isolates is 0% , and consanguinity between the two i-solates is the farthest.

Aim To study relative bioavailablity of cefaclor effervescent tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods According to the crossover design, A volunteers were each orally given a single does of the 0.75 g cefaclor effervescent tablets and cefaclor capsules with an interval of 5 days between the two formulations.The plasma concentrations of the drug were determined by RP-HPLC.Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by ATPK programe,and calculated on the basis of open single compartment model.Results After a single oral dose, the peak levels in plasma averaged Cmax(31.27?5.81)?g?ml-1 and(30.56?5.25) ?g?ml-1 at (0.58?0.12)h and(0.73?0.17)h and AUC0～4(35.48?4.65) ?g?h?ml-1 and (35.89?2.90) ?g?h?ml-1 for tablet and capsule,respectively. Conclusion The result shows that two formulations are bioequivalence.

Objective To examine the induction effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene differentiating into chondrocytes. Methods We observed the phenotype of cells which were stained with alcian blue and HE climbing to the six pore plate with invert microscope. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) value in culture medium was detected in control group,BMP7 transfect and culture medium induced groups after 7,14 and 21 days using standard curve method. Standard curve was described using galacturonic-acid as reference substance. The content of collagen Ⅱ was detected by ELISA method. Results HE and Alcian blue staining showed that BMP7 gene transfection group and the group induced by fluid possess the characteristics of chondrocyte. BMP7 induced BMSCs differentiation to chondrocyte which secrete specific protein called collagen Ⅱ and GAG. Content of GAG were (17.1±3.4),(39.5±5.4),(40.8±6.1)mg/L in control group,BMP7 gene transfected group and induced group,collagen Ⅱ were (89.7±14.3),(152.8±14.5),(155.5± 19.3)μg/L in these three groups separately. Comparing with control group,GAG and collagen Ⅱ of BMP7 gene transfected group and culture medium induced group increased obviously(all P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference between BMP7 gene transfeeted group and culture medium induced group (P > 0.05). Conclusion This active protein induces BMSCs differentiating into chondrocyte,in a level similar to that of inducing medium.

Objective To discuss the clinical application and efficacy of digitization prototyping titanium meshes in the repairing of earthquake-induced skull defect. Methods The clinical data of 66patients with skull defect caused by earthquake were analyzed. These patients were divided into group A (treated with traditional handwork shaping titanium meshes, n=1S) and group B (treated with digitization prototyping titanium meshes, n=51). The efficacy and complications were compared.Results Compared to group A, group B had a shorter operation time, a shorter recovery time, a lower postoperative incidence rate of subcutaneous hematocele, hydrops and infection (P＜0.05). The digitization prototyping titanium meshes were significantly superior to handwork shaping titanium meshes (P＜0.05). And patients with skull defect repaired at early stage had a higher recovery rate of neurological function than those at advanced stage (P＜0.05). Conclusion Using digitization prototyping titanium meshes to repair the skull defect can enjoy anatomical reduction, shortened operation time, and fewer postoperative complications. In addition, an early repair in earthquake-induced skull defect can not onlydisburden patients' mind, but also prevent or even reverse secondary brain damage of skull defect,therefore, the patients' neurological function can be improved and their lives can be better.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the administration of far lateral craniocervical approach in the jugular foramen (JF) tumors.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed in 14 cases of JF tumors (9 neurilemmomas, 3 meningiomas, 1 glomus jugulare tumor, and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma) surgically treated between January 2009 and January 2012, with focus on the surgical approach. Six patients (6/14) showed hydrocephalus. The tumor type was composed of 5 intracranial and intraforamen tumors with patent or occluded jugular bulb, 1 intracranial tumor with extension into the upper cervical canal, 4 extracranial and intra foramen tumors, 4 intra- and extracranial dumbbell-shaped communicating tumors involving the parapharyngeal space above C2 or extending caudally below C3. Far lateral postcondylar approach (FLPC) was carried out in 2 cases, far lateral tansjugular process approach (FLTJP) in 3 cases, combined FLPC + C1-2 semi-laminectomy approach in 1 case, combined FLTJP + trans-C1 transverse process approach in 7 cases, and combined FLTJP + neck approach with dissection of carotid sheath to the skull base in 1 case. Endovascular embolotherapy prior to surgical resection was performed in 1 glomus jugulare tumor.

RESULTSTotal tumor removal was achieved in 12 patients and subtotal removal in 2 patients, with no cerebrospinal fluid leakage or operative mortality. New cranial nerve paresis occurred after surgery in 1 case of facial nerve and 1 case of lower cranial nerve. Transient worsening of preoperative lower cranial nerve deficits was noted in 3 patients. Long-term follow-up study ranging from 5 to 32 months (average 13.7 months) showed 7 patients with lower cranial nerve deficits (6 preexisting and 1 new), with exception of one preoperative lower cranial nerve dysfunction due to the infiltration of an adenoid cystic carcinoma, experienced favorable improvement with recovery of adequate swallowing function, but voice disturbance remained in 4 cases. One patient with new facial nerve deficit presented with partial improvement and the hydrocephalus in 6 patients all spontaneously regressed. There was no tumor recurrence in patients receiving total removal and no tumor progression in patients undergoing subtotal removal.

CONCLUSIONSFLTJP is a basic approach for JF tumors. The combined cranial and cervical approach should be considered in those tumors extending into the upper cervical canal and parapharyngeal space. The associated hydrocephalus seldom requires additional surgical management.

Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomus Jugulare Tumor ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Breynia fruticosa.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral methods.

RESULTSeven compounds were obtained and identified by spectroscopic methods and compared with authentic samples as aviculin [(+)-isolariciresinol-9'-rhamno-pyranoside], friedelan-3beta-ol, friedelin, arborinone, isoarborinol, 5-hydroxy-7,8,4'-trimethoxy flavone, 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were firstly isolated from B. genus, furthermore, aviculin was isolated from Euphorbiaceae for the first time.

Euphorbiaceae ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To assess the continent diversion results of sigma rectum pouch after radical cystectomy. Methods The reconstruction of bladder with sigmoid was modified for treatment of 18 cases of bladder tumor.The intestine was incised over a length of 20～24 cm with the junction of sigmoid colon and rectum as the midpoint so as to create a low pressure reservoir for urine and side-to-side anastomosis was performed on the posterior borders of the rectosigmoid wall.Submucosal tunnel modified technique was em- ployed in antireflux urethral implantation,Urination has been controlled by anal sphincter.Results About 80 minutes was spent to finish a new low pressure pouch after radical cystectomy.Among 18 patients with this op- eration,the controlled emiction were good after pull out the anal duct and"J"stent in 1 week to 2 months.Af- ter 2 months,the times of urination is stable,4～5 times in daytime and 1～3 times during nighttime.Two pa- tients had nocturnal enuresis and the symptom vanished after 2 months. One patient had adhesive ileus, two patients had hyperchloremia acidosis and kaliopenia,one patient had urethral stump cancer.There is no com- plication as anastomotic block,renal function lesion and severe upper urinary tract infection. Conclusion This operative method was easy,emiction control was well,and with higher quality of life for patients.It is al- so a better alternative diversion procedure that would be easily accepted.

OBJECTIVETo study the diagnostic value of heart rate variability (HRV) in heart dysfunction in children with beta-thalassemia major (β-TM)by examining the changes of HRV in β-TM children.

METHODSA 24 hours Holter monitoring electrocardiogram (Holter) was performed in 21 children with β-TM and 15 healthy children (control group). The time domain and frequency domain indexes of HRV in the two groups were compared. The correlation between serum ferritin levels and HRV was evaluated.

RESULTSThe time domain indexes SDNN, rMSSD and PNN50 and the frequency domain indexes very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in the β-TM group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). There was no correlation between serum ferritin level and HRV in children with β-TM.

CONCLUSIONSThe autonomic nerve dysfunction exists in children with β-TM. HRV analysis is useful in the prediction of early cardiac dysfunction in children with β-TM.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Ferritins ; blood ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; beta-Thalassemia ; blood ; physiopathology

Objective To explore the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with a family history of hypertension.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3874 adolescents ages 13-18 years,with normal BP in 3724 people.Based on family history of hypertension (FH),the cohort of adolescents were dichoto- mized as postive family history (FH~+,n=1145) and negative (FH~-,n=2579).Height,weight,waist circum- ference,hip circumference,blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were determined.Results FH~+ adolescents had signifi- cantly higher levels of body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,WHR,FPG,TC and LDL-C(P