Objective To evaluate the effect of 36-neuro-motorial examination on early diagnosis of children with cerebral palsy within 1 year-old.Methods36-neuro-motorial examination was analysed in 210 children with cerebral palsy from 2 to 12 months. Results4-29 items reflecting the abnormity of reflex, muscle tone, posture and motion were observeed in patients with cerebral palsy.If these abnormities were laid according as frequency among 2-6 months,reflex abnormities are knee tendon reflex, palmar grasp reflex,Babinski sign,asymmetrical tonic neck reflex,ankle clonus,sitting equilibrium reflex,stepping reflex,crossed extension reflex,tonic labyrinthine reflex,trunk incurvation reflex,Moro reflex; posture abnormities are head to back≥15°,from supine to the side position, axillar suspension reflex,posterior neck fovea≥1cm in the supine position,landau reflex,Vojta reflex,traction reflex,tonic torticollis,abnormal spontaneous posture;muscle tone abnormities are foot dorsiflexion angle,scarf sign,tonic palmar grasp,to up the foot heel≥30° in the stand position,thumb decussation to the palm,poples angle,adductor angle,heel-ear angle; others are head cycle≤-2s, squint, active movement attenuation or abnormity, auditory abnormity, visual abnormity, ophthalmodonesis, epilepsy.Conclusions 36-neuro-motorial examination is effective for early diagnosis of cerebral palsy within 1 year.

This study is to investigate the anti-allergic effect of anthocyanidin and to explore its possible mechanism. The experiments of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction (PCA) and colorimetry were used to determine the effect of anthocyanidin on degranulation of mast cells in vivo. For in vitro study, various concentrations of anthocyanidin (100, 50 and 25 micromol x L(-1)) were added to the culture medium of mast cells cultured with 100 microg x L(-1) of dinitrophenyl (DNP) specific IgE overnight. The azelastine (100 micromol x L(-1)) was selected as the positive control. The antigen (DNP-human serum albumin, DNP-HAS)-induced release of degranulation was measured by enzymatic assay, histamine was determined by EIA, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured by Western blotting, separately. In addition, the effects of anthocyanidin on phosphorylation of NF-kappaB, p38MAPK and Akt were observed by Western blotting. The results showed that treatments with anthocyanidin (100 and 50 mg x kg(-1)) were followed by a decrease in PCA of rats. Anthocyanidin (100 and 50 micromol x L(-1)) obviously suppressed the degranulation from mast cells, whereas results from anthocyanidin (100 and 50 micromol x L(-1)) group indicated significant inhibitory effect on histamine, the calcium uptake, TNF-alpha, IL-6, phosphorylation of NF-kappaB, p38MAPK and Akt of mast cells induced by antigen. Anthocyanidin may suppress the anaphylactic reaction by inhibiting the action of mast cells. NF-kappaB, p38MAPK and Akt at least in part contribute to this event.
Animals ; Anthocyanins ; pharmacology ; Anti-Allergic Agents ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Degranulation ; drug effects ; Histamine Release ; drug effects ; Immunoglobulin E ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Mast Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of iliolumbar fixation for the sacrum fractures of Denis type II.

METHODSThe clinical data of 86 patients with sacrum fracture of Denis type II treated by iliolumbar fixation from January 2008 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 55 males and 31 females, aged from 17 to 55 years old with an average of 39.1 years. Among them, 73 cases complicated with pelvis fracture and 13 cases with acetabular fracture; 37 cases with sacral neurological symptoms and 49 cases without sacral neurological symptoms. Fracture healing time, nerve function, clinical function and complications were observed in the patients.

RESULTSIn 86 cases, 6 cases were out of followed-up and 80 cases were followed up from 24 to 71 months with an average of 36 months. The mean fracture healing time was 13 weeks (ranged, 10 to 38 weeks). According to Gibbons scoring to evaluate the neurological function, preoperative nerve rehabilitation, lower limbs feeling, lower limbs activity,bladder and rectum function,total score respectively were 0.62 +/- 0.04, 1.54 +/- 0.35, 1.12 +/- 0.18, 0.23 +/- 0.01, 3.46 +/- 0.47 and postoperative respectively were 0.82 +/- 0.12, 0.36 +/- 0.04, 0.05 +/- 0.01, 0.03 +/- 0.01, 1.25 +/- 0.22, there were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative (P < 0.05). According to Majeed scoring to evaluate the clinical function, postoperative pain, standing, sitting, sexual life, work ability, total score respectively were 22.54 +/- 4.02, 27.93 +/- 5.46, 8.47 +/- 3.61, 2.54 +/- 1.33, 16.46 +/- 4.34, 81.32 +/- 8.73, 60 cases got excellent results, 17 good, 3 fair. The main complications including fracture nonunion of 5 cases,deep incision infection of 1 case, and screw prominence resulting uncomfortable of 8 cases.

CONCLUSIONIliolumbar fixation has the advantages of stable fixation, satisfactory functional rehabilitation, less complications, and is a good method in treating sacrum fracture of Denis type II.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacrum ; injuries ; surgery ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To discuss methods of decoration reconstruction for finger defect in emergency and to observe the elinical effects.Methods Of the 41 cases of finger injuries of different degrees,15 were repaired with part of the skin flaps of the big toenails or skin flaps of the second toenalis,8 were repaired with part of the skin flaps of the big toenails,7 were reeonstructed with the second tiptoes,11 were repaired with the abdominal skin flaps of the big toes or lateral flaps of the second toes.Results All the 41 fingers sur- vived.One skin flap of the big toe was somewhat swelling and a decorating operation was performed.The 4～18 months of follow-up visitation of the rest cases revealed good function and shapes.No obvious functional ab- norality was found in the donating feet.Conclusion Various kinds of decoration reeonstruetion for finger defects are available to recover the hand shape and function as much as possible.

Objective To evaluate the nutritional status of iodine of pregnant and lactating women in coastal and inland areas of Zhejiang province,and to provide scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods In 2009,five coastal cities,five coastal counties and three inland areas from Zhejiang province were selected by the cluster sampling method,and one sub-district(township) was randomly selected in each city (county),then one community (village) was randomly selected in each sub-district (township).Thirty pregnant women,thirty lactating women and fifty children aged 8 - 10,were randomly selected in each community(village) as the investigation objects to collect instant urine samples to detect urine iodine,and to collect thirty resident edible salt and some water samples to detect salt iodine and water iodine,if the numbers of water source were more than 5 then 1 water sample was collected by their location of east,south,west,north and center in each community(village),otherwise,the numbers of water samples collected were equal to the number of community (village).Results The medians of salt iodine of coastal city,coastal county and inland area were 28.42,25.29,and 33.24 mg/kg,respectively,and the medians of water iodine correspondingly were 5.41,11.52,and 2.80 μg/L,respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of pregnant and lactating women in Zhejiang province were 148.72 and 161.34 μg/L,respectively,which were less than that of children aged 8 - 10(231.02 μg/L,Z =8.57,8.24,all P ＜ 0.017).The medians of urinary iodine in pregnant women from different areas were ranked in order as inland areas(211.42 μg/L),coastal counties (150.51 μg/L) and coastal cities (123.33 μg/L,Z =2.80,5.31,2.42,all P ＜ 0.017),and in lactating women,the medians of urinary iodine in inland areas( 197.43 μg/L) was higher than that in coastal cities( 139.64 μg/L,Z =4.03,P ＜ 0.017).Conclusions The overall levels of iodine nutrition in lactating and pregnant women in Zhejiang province are in the appropriate level,but that of the pregnant women in the coastal cities is inadequate.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central role of the vestibular system on control of blood pressure and interrelationships between the vestibular nucleus and solitary nucleus during acute hypotension were investigated in bilateral labyrinthectomized (BLX) or sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats. Changes of electrical activity in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), solitary tract nucleus (STN), and rostral ventrolateral medullary nucleus (RVLM) were investigated in rats in while acute hypotension was induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). RESULTS: Evoked potential in MVN neuron caused by electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system was composed of 3 waves with latencies of 0.48+/-.10 ms, 1.04+/-.09 ms and 1.98+/-.19 ms. Electrical stimulation to MVN or RVLM increased blood pressure. MVN at the induction of acute hypotension showed excitation in 61% of type I neurons and inhibition in 68% of type II neurons. In STN, acute hypotension produced excitation in 62.1% of neurons recorded in intact labyrinthine animals, inhibition in 72.3% of neurons recorded in BL animals, and excitation in 60% of recorded neurons in SAD animals. In RVLM, acute hypotension produced excitation in 66.7% of neurons recorded in intact labyrinthine animals and inhibition in 64.9% of neurons recorded in BL animals. In spatial distribution of STN neurons responded to acute hypotension, excitatory responses were mainly recorded in rostral and ventral portion, and inhibitory responses were mainly recorded in caudal and lateral portion. In RVLM, excitatory responses were mainly recorded in rostral and dorsomedial portion, and inhibitory responses were mainly recorded in caudal and ventrolateral portion. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that afferent signals from the peripheral vestibular receptors are transmitted to STN through the vestibular nuclei and assist to the baroreceptors for controlling blood pressure following acute hypotension.
Animals ; Blood Pressure* ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials ; Hypotension* ; Neurons ; Nitroprusside ; Pressoreceptors ; Rats* ; Solitary Nucleus ; Vestibular Nuclei

OBJECTIVE: The vestibular system contributes control of blood pressure during postural changes through the vestibulosympathetic reflex. In the vestibulosympathetic reflex, afferent signals from the peripheral vestibular receptors are transmitted to the vestibular nuclei, rostral ventrolateral medullary nuclei, and then to the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Physiological characteristics of the vestibulosympathetic reflex in terms of neurogenic and humoral control of blood pressure were investigated in this study. METHODS: Conscious rats with sinoaortic denervation were used for removal of baroreceptors in reflex control of blood pressure, and hypotension was induced by intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Expression of c-Fos protein was measured in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN), rostral vestrolateral medullary nuclei(RVLM), and intermediolateral cell column (IMC) in T4-7, and levels of blood epinephrine were measured following SNP-induced hypotension. RESULTS: SNP-induced hypotension significantly increased expression of c-Fos protein in the MVN, RVLM, and IMC, also significantly increased level of blood epinephrine compared to normotensive control animals. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the vestibulosympathetic reflex regulates blood pressure through neurogenic control including MVN, RVLM, and IMC, also through humoral control including epinephrine secretion by the adrenal medulla following SNP-induced hypotension. The physiological characteristics of the reflex may contribute to basic treatment of impairment of blood pressure control during postural changes.
Adrenal Medulla ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Denervation ; Epinephrine ; Hypotension ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Nitroprusside ; Pressoreceptors ; Rats ; Reflex ; Spinal Cord ; Vestibular Nuclei

Hypotension is one of the potential causes of dizziness. In this review, we summarize the studies published in recent years about the electrophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms of hypotension-induced dizziness and the role of the vestibular system in the control of blood pressure in response to hypotension. It is postulated that ischemic excitation of the peripheral vestibular hair cells as a result of a reduction in blood flow to the inner ear following hypotension leads to excitation of the central vestibular nuclei, which in turn may produce dizziness after hypotension. In addition, excitation of the vestibular nuclei following hypotension elicits the vestibulosympathetic reflex, and the reflex then regulates blood pressure by a dual-control (neurogenic and humoral control) mechanism. In fact, recent studies have shown that peripheral vestibular receptors play a role in the control of blood pressure through neural reflex pathways. This review illustrates the dual-control mechanism of peripheral vestibular receptors in the regulation of blood pressure following hypotension.
Blood Pressure* ; Dizziness ; Ear, Inner ; Epinephrine ; Glutamic Acid ; Hair Cells, Vestibular ; Hypotension* ; Reflex ; Vestibular Nuclei

Objective To explore the effect of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) examination on parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.Methods The clinical data of 41 PHPT patients who received IOPTH monitoring (IOPTH group) from Jan.2009 to Dec.2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifestation,examination and changes of parathyroid hormone and calcium before and after operation were collected.Results There were 12 males and 29 females.36 cases had parathyroid adenoma,and 5 cases were parathyroid carcinoma.23 cases were positive in 24 cases of 99Icm-MIBI parathyroid adenoma radionuclide examination,and 2 cases were positive in 3 cases of parathyroid carcinoma radionuclide 99Tcm-MIBI inspection (P＝ 0.213).10 mins after tumor resection,PTH in all cases decreased by 50％ or more than that before tumor resection except for one case of parathyroid carcinoma.23 cases appeared hypocalcemia in 36 cases of parathyroid adenoma after surgery and 2 cases appeared hypocalcemia in 5 cases of parathyroid cancer patients (P＝0.361).No postoperative hoarseness,cough,bleeding occoured.Patients were followed up from 6 to 72 months.Hypocalcemia symptoms recovered 2 weeks to 3 months after surgery.No permanent hypoparathyroidism occured.One case of parathyroid carcinoma died of hypercalcemia 5 months after surgery.The remaining 40 cases survived without recurrence or death.Conclusions Intraoperative PTH monitoring can help doctors analyze whether all the hyperthyroidism glands have been removed,which can help to avoid miss diagnosis of multiple gland disease and unnecessary bilateral neck exploration.This method is highly accurate so it is recommended for routine use in PHPT surgery.

Objective To evaluate the dietary iodine intake level of population in coastal and inland areas of Zhejiang province.Methods The cluster sampling method was applied to select Zhoushan,Ningbo and Taizhou cities from Zhejiang province as coastal areas,to select Jinhua,Quzhou and Lishui cities from Zhejiang province as inland areas,and two counties(districts) were randomly selected in each chosen city,three sub-districts(towns) were randomly selected in each chosen counties (districts),then one community (village) was randomly selected in each chosen sub-districts(towns).Adult residents aged greater than 18 were selected as investigation subjects,their dietary iodine intake in the past 24 hours was investigated,and the Food composition table” was inquired to get the data of dietary iodine intake.One hundred copies of residential edible salt samples and drinking water samples in each of the selected community (village) were collected to detect salt iodine and water iodine by direct titrimetric and spectrophotometric method,respectively.Results The mean of adult residents' dietary iodine intake in Zhejiang coastal area was 267.76 μg/d,which was less than that in inland area (429.05 μg/d,t =- 6.90,P ＜0.05),and the means of adult residents' dietary iodine intake from drinking water,laver and fish(5.75,69.72,5.61 μg/d,respectively) in coastal area were higher than those in inland areas(3.25,35.27,3.43 μg/d,respectively,t =21.73,3.92,4.08,all P ＜ 0.05),however,the means of adult residents' dietary iodine intake from salt,kelp and other food (166.81,3.04,16.82 μg/d,respectively) in coastal areas were less than those in inland areas (355.15,6.14,25.81 μg/d,respectively,t =- 8.76,- 5.49,- 18.56,all P ＜ 0.05).In coastal areas,the proportion which was less than estimated average requirement of iodine(EAR,120 μg/d) was 46.48％ (1029/2214),the ratio which was higher than the maximum tolerable intake of iodine(UL,1000 μg/d) was 3.34％ (74/2214),and the average contribution rate of dietary intake of iodine in salt was 62.30％(166.81/267.76).While in inland areas,the corresponding proportions were 7.61％ (171/2246),2.80％ (63/2246) and 82.78％ (355.15/429.05),respectively.Conclusions The dietary iodine intake in Zhejiang inland areas has reached the recommended nutrient intake levels of the Chinese Nutrition Society,but there is a certain degree of insufficient iodine intake in population of the coastal areas.