Objective To observe the changes of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress related protein GRP78 and CHOP in CCl4 induced liver fibrosis and to explore their effects on hepatic fibrosis.Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group (hypodermic injection of 40% CCl4).Pathological changes of liver tissue was observed by HE staining.The techniques of real-time PCR was applied to detect mRNA of GRP78 and CHOP in liver.Detected expression of Akt1, phospho-Akt1, GRP78 and CHOP protein by western blot.Meanwhile, the cell apoptosis in liver was detected by TUNEL.Results Compared with the normal control group, GRP78 and CHOP mRNA and protein in 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group was increased(P<0.05), while expression of Akt1, phospho-Akt1 in 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group was lower than that in normal control group(P<0.05).Compared with normal control group, the apoptosis of hepatocytes in 4 and 8 weeks liver fibrosis group was elevated (P<0.05).Conclusions PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress may play important roles in the induction of apoptosis of hepatocytes in rats with hepatic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND:Platelet-derived endothelial cel growth factor (PD-ECGF) can promote revascularization in fat transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the dual effects of PD-ECGF and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels on the survival rate of fat grafts. METHODS:(1) Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels were isolated from the inguinal subcutaneous fat of New Zealand white rabbits, and then cultured. Passage 3 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels were divided into experimental group (Lenti-PD-ECGF-EGFP transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels), control group (Lenti-EGFP transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels) and blank group (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels with no transfection). (2) Lenti-PD-ECGF-EGFP transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels were cultured in DMEM complete medium, and then mixed with fat tissues as group A; adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels with no transfection were cultured in DMEM complete medium and then mixed with fat tissues as group B; DMEM complete medium with no cels served as group C. Then, the grafts in groups A, B, C were respectively injected subcutaneously into the upper left, lower left and upper right parts of the rabbits’ black. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) In the experimental group, PD-ECGF mRNA and protein expressions were significantly higher than those in the control and blank groups (P < 0.05), and cel proliferation was also the fastest. (2) Graft weight and the number of capilaries were greater in group A than groups B and C. These findings indicate that PD-ECGF transfection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels not only can continuously express the PD-ECGF protein, but also can promote the proliferation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels.

BACKGROUND:Vascular endothelial growth factor is the most important pro-angiogenic factor, which can promote revascularization and survival of fat grafts during fat transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 transfection on the proliferation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s. METHODS:Recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor 165 mRNA fragment was transmitted into adenovirus pAdEasy-1 systems that were packaged to measure viral titer (experimental group). Empty adenovirus was also packaged as control group. Two kinds of packaged adenovirus solution were transferred into adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s at the best multiplicity of infection=100. Cel s with no transfection served as blank group. RT-PCR and western blot methods were used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 at mRNA and protein levels;MTT method was adopted to detect cel proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control and blank groups (P<0.05). The division and proliferation of transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s were increased significantly in the experimental group, which was significantly different from the control and blank groups (P<0.05). These finding indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor 165 transfection cannot only sustain the target protein expression of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s, but also promote the proliferation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s remarkably.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in lung injury and oxidative stress of sprague-Dawleyy (SD) rats at different times after single intratracheal instillation of potassium dichromate.

METHODSA total of 50 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and potassium dichromate group. The potassium dichromate group and the control group received 3 ml/kg intratracheal instillation of K2Cr2O7 (1.5 mg/kg) and normal saline, respectively. Rats in these two groups were sacrificed in batches at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure. The changes in the following indices were observed and analyzed: body weight, lung coefficient, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in lung homogenate, and reduced glutathione (GSH) in serum.

RESULTSThe rats in the potassium dichromate group had significantly decreased body weight on day 1 and day 3 after exposure than the control group (P<0.05). Lung coefficient increased significantly on day 7 (P<0.05) and kept increasing until the end of the experiment. The potassium dichromate group had a significantly higher activity of AKP than the control group on day 1 and day 7 after exposure (P<0.05). However, the potassium dichromate group had a significantly lower activity of GSH-Px than the control group on day 1 and day 3 after exposure (P<0.05). And the potassium dichromate group had a lower activity of reduced GSH than the control group on day 3 and day 7 after exposure.

CONCLUSIONSingle intratracheal instillation of 1.5 mg/kg potassium dichromate could result in lung inflammatory injury. of SD rats, and the injury is more severe on day 7 after exposure. Body injury is related to antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant.activity cannot recover completely on day 28 after exposure.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glutathione ; blood ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Potassium Dichromate ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Epimedium sutchuenense.Methods The compounds were repeatedly separated and purified on column chromatography of silica gel,polyamide,Sephadex LH-20,and ODS.The structures were identified on the basis of spectral methods.Results Ten compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extract of E.sutchuenense and were identified as sutchuenoside A(Ⅰ),sutchuenoside B(Ⅱ),daidzein(Ⅲ),baohuoside-Ⅰ(Ⅳ),kaempferide 3-rhamnoside(Ⅴ),icariin(Ⅵ),anhydroicaritin-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-?-L-rhamnopyranoside(Ⅶ),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(Ⅷ),daucosterol(Ⅸ),and ?-sitosterol(Ⅹ),respectively.Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ and Ⅱ are novel ones named as sutchuentins A and B respectively.Compounds Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅶ,and Ⅷ-Ⅹ are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Asthma is one kind of chronic respiratory tract inflammatory disease.Recently,it has been discovered that the small airway also participates in asthmatic pathogenesis.The small airway which diameter is less than 2 mm is one of the smallest regions in the lung.Its function may be affected by the small airway disease and related with the airway hyperresponsiveness.Some structural changes in the small airway is the latent reason which aggravates asthma.The change of small airway function in the mild asthma can cause the change of airway hyperresponsiveness.So it is considered that the small airway function is one of the methods to monitor the asthmatic situation.

0.05).Conclusion Serum leptin play an important role in puberty of girls and closely is correlated with BMI and BF% regardless of age and sex in 6-14 years old children in poor rural areas.

Objective:To prepare resveratrol microemulsions by high pressure homogenization method and characterize the microe-mulsions. Methods:Using the particle size, polydispersion index and encapsulation efficiency as the indicators, the independent varia-bles of the preparation were inspected, and the microemulsions were characterized. The stability of resveratrol microemulsions was stud-ied by long term stability test preliminarily. Results:The mean particle size, polydispersion index and zeta potential of resveratrol mi-croemulsions was (231 ± 37. 8) nm, 0. 228 ± 0. 047 and ( -42. 5 ± 4. 3) mV, respectively. The microemulsions were found to be small and spherical with smooth surface under a transmission electron microscope. Long term stability studies showed that the microe-mulsions were stable in 3 months after stored at 25℃. Conclusion:The preparation process of high pressure homogenization method for resveratrol microemulsions is simple and feasible.

OBJECTIVE: Auricularia polytricha is paid great attention to as an anticancer food, of which polysaccharide is an important functional component. The anticancer mechanism of Auricularia polytricha polysaccharide is critically important to its development and usage. METHODS: Five polysaccharides were isolated using counter-current chromatography and DEAE column chromatography from the wild Auricularia polytricha. RESULTS: AAPS1, AAPS2 and AAPS3 were light yellow floc, and AAFRB and AAFRC were white powder. The activities of the 5 polysaccharides on S180 sarcoma cell membrane were analyzed, and they could significantly change the characteristic of the tumor cell membrane, resulting in more free fatty acids. Among the 5 polysaccharides, AAPS2 showed the highest activity. The polysaccharides significantly lowered the levels of sialic acid (SA) in the cell membrane of tumor-bearing mice (P < 0.01), and AAPS2 had the highest activity than those of others. The polysaccharide AAPS2 could significantly alter membrane fluidity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The anti-tumor mechanism may be related to the membrane glycoprotein and glycolipids chain terminal residues SA, and the peroxidation of lipid in cell membrane. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Epidemi-ological studies have shown that intensive glucose control can reduce stroke risks in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the current prospective clinical trials have failed to validate a definite causal relationship between them. This article reviews the clinical trials about the roles of intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke.