Evaluation of the permeability mainly focuses on intestinal absorption in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). It is more complicated that the absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) compared with single component environment, which needs suitable mathematical models to be described. Therefore, with full consideration of existing single component mathematical algorithm combining with the characteristics of intestinal absorption and metabolism, we explored and designed a new mathematical algorithm of intestinal absorption and metabolism of multicomponent drug. Then we put forward a new coefficient, P (influence), the relative change rate of the single component's intestinal absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment compared with single component environment, which described the influences of intestinal absorption and metabolism of the component under multicomponent environment. Moreover, P (influence) highlights the distinctive characteristics of multicomponent drug's intestinal absorption and metabolism, and lays the foundation for the construction of CMMBCS.
Algorithms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility

Objective To investigate the possibility of inducing mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)from human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly to differentiate into spermatogonia.Methods To isolate,culture and purify MSCs with adherent method,the growth and proliferation of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were observed,and their immunophenotypes were determined by flow cytometry;MSCs of the third generation were divided into 2 groups to be induced and cultured,MSCs of the control group were cultured in basal medium,while those of the experimental group with conditional medium.The morphologic and ultrastructure changes of control group and experimental group cells were compared with phase contrast microscopy,electron microscopy(EM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM)respectively ;the spermatogonial cells differentiated were then evaluated by immunohistochemistry stained for CD117and CD49f ;the method of Western-blot was used to test if the cells induced could express CD49f.Results A population of MSCs were isolated from human umbilical Wharton's Jelly;they were processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells and could be maintained in vitro for extended periods with stable population doubling;After induction,the shape of MSCs changed greatly from the fibroblast to the round,even familiar to the tadpole;expressed the known molecular markers of spermatogonial cells,such as CD49f,CD117.Conclusion The induced MSCs not only undergo spfermatogonial-cell like morphologic changes,ultramicrostructure mature with increasing cell organs,but also express the spermatogonial cell markers,which show that human umbilical cord derived MSCs are capable of differentiating into spermatogonial cell.

Objective To observe clone ability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into infertile mouse seminife-rous tubules and the effects of MSCs on reproductive function.Methods Busulfan was used to destroy endogenous spermatogenesis of the recipient mice.To isolate,culture and purify MSCs with adherent method before marked with Brdu and Hoechst 33258 respectively,and then transplanted into the seminiferous tubules by microinjection.The survival of MSCs in recipient testes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry stained for Brdu and Fluorescent microscopy for Hoechst 33258 observation at different times.The diameter of seminiferous tubules was detected with HMIAS-2000 high-definition colored analyzing system for medical pictures.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results The dosage of Busulfan resulted in 15% death in the mice,the testis of survived mice showed only basilar membrane in seminiferous tubules after 4 weeks.A lot of purified MSCs were obtained at the third generation and transplantation them into mouse seminiferous tubules survive for at least 4 months and appear to migration.The average diameter in experimental groups were higher than those in controls not only on 26 days but also on 120 days(P

Objective To investigate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP) in middle-aged and elderly patients. Methods MRI were performed in 17 middle-aged and elderly patients with AlP proved histopathologically or clinically. All clinical and MRI data were reviewed. Results Of 17 cases, MRI showed diffuse enlargement of the pancreas in 13 cases, and focal lesions in 4 cases. Swelled pancreas was hypointense on T1-weighted images, mildly hyperintense on T2-weighted images, decreased enhancement on artery phase of dynamic imaging, and moderate enhancement on delayed phase images. Capsule-like enhanced rim was found around swelled pancreas in 13 patients. Stricture of distal common bile duct was present in 15 patients, and diffuse irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct was showed in 5 cases. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) value of AIP was 1.64×10~(-3) mm~2/s in 13 cases. Conclusions AIP occurs more often in middle-aged and elderly people. AIP shows some characterized MRI findings including swelled pancreas looking like banana or sausage, delayed enhanced capsule-like rim around the lesion and diffuse irregular narrowing of pancreatic duct. MRI will play an important role not only in the diagnosis of AIP, but also in evaluating curative effect of AIP.

The purpose of the present study is to establish a rapid and effective PCR method for the identification of B. multicinctus. Based on sequence alignment of B. multicinctus and its adulterants, we found that Cyt b gene is a good molecular genetic marker for the authentication of B. multicinctus. On the basis of the sequence data, a pair of highly specialized primers was designed. The templates were extracted by the DNA purification system. Key factors such as annealing temperature, concentration of Taq enzyme and cycle numbers were analyzed and optimized. The modified PCR program consisted of an initial denaturation step at 95 degrees C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles of 95 degrees C for 30 s and 55 degrees C for 45 s and a final extension at 72 degrees C for 5 min. Thirteen samples of B. multicinctus were identified accurately from their 20 adulterants in 4 hours. The results indicated it is a highly accurate, rapid and applicable method for the authentication of B. multicinctus.
Animals ; Bungarus ; classification ; genetics ; Cytochromes b ; genetics ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

UNLABELLEDTo study the method for dose calculation and beam weight optimization of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

METHODSThe IMRT dose calculation model based on two-dimensional convolution was constructed, the program of dose calculation and beam weight optimization with genetic algorithm was written with Visual c#.Net, and the optimization results were analyzed.

RESULTSGenetic algorithm optimization of beam weights can produce highly conformal dose distributions within a clinically acceptable computation time.

CONCLUSIONGenetic algorithm is valid and efficient in IMRT beam weight optimization, which may facilitate IMRT treatment planning.

Algorithms ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Models, Theoretical ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; methods ; standards

To build up a stable and easy doing method for molecular identification in traditional Chinese medicine, on basis of RAPD, the new method mainly changed the primer length and PCR annealing temperature. Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius and its nine adulterants were used to establish the method and test it using MARMS primers published in 2004. The new method also used to authenticate Chinese Materia Medica of Tian-hua-fen (Radix Trichosanthes) and Bai-zhi (Radix Angelica). Primer Pg-q36F obtained polymorphic bands of P. Ginseng, P. quinquefolius and its adulterants. The identification result is identical to that published before and more stable. Primer TkS1-64F obtained polymorphic bands of Tian-hua-fen and its nine adulterants. Primer AfS1-100F obtained polymorphic bands of Bai-zhi and its three adulterants. The method has good stability and reproducibility and can easily identify authertic medicines from their adulterants. It was a potential molecular method to identify other Chinese Materia Medica. The method was named as anchored primer amplification polymorphism DNA (APAPD).
Angelica ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Plant ; analysis ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Panax ; classification ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Quality Control ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Trichosanthes ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the expression of CCL28 in minor and major salivary glands and clarify the role it plays in IgA secreting by minor salivary glands in oral cavity.

METHODSLabial gland and parotid samples were analyzed with real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay for CCL28 mRNA. Rank-sum test was used for data analysis using SPSS 10.0 software package.

RESULTSCCL28 mRNA was abundantly expressed in labial glands of healthy adults. Its expression was higher than that in parotids (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe results of this article suggest that the expression level of CCL28 in labial glands is remarkably higher than that in parotids, which reminds us that the high concentration of IgA in minor salivary glands may be associated with their high expression of CCL28.

Adult ; Humans ; Lip ; Salivary Glands, Minor

ncreatic enlargement, MRI is comparable to CT.

The aim of the study is to explore the effects of luteolin preconditioning on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism, and investigate the effects of the change of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups randomly: control, model, luteolin, luteolin + zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP, an inhibitor of HO-1) and hemin groups (n = 8 for each group). The rats in control, model and hemin groups received a standard chow daily. The rats in luteolin and luteolin + ZnPP groups received a chow supplemented with luteolin (200 mg/kg) daily. After 4 weeks, ZnPP (25 μmol/kg) and hemin (20 μmol/kg) were injected hypodermically 6 h before ischemia/reperfusion in luteolin + ZnPP and hemin groups, respectively. Portal vein and hepatic artery supplying the middle and left hepatic lobe were clamped with an atraumatic vascular clip for induction of partial hepatic ischemia in all rats except control group. After the 60 min of hepatic ischemia, a 60-minute reperfusion period was initiated by removal of the arterial clip. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were detected in serum, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver were measured with assay kit. The expression of HO-1 protein and activity of HO-1 were examined in liver. The results showed that the luteolin and hemin pretreatment led to significant decreased levels of AST and ALT in serum, increased activity of SOD and decreased content of MDA in serum and liver compared with model group (P < 0.01). In addition, the expression of HO-1 protein and activity of HO-1 were elevated in luteolin and hemin groups (P < 0.01). ZnPP markedly increased the levels of AST and ALT in serum, and decreased the activities of SOD and HO-1, elevated MDA content in liver when compared with those in luteolin group (P < 0.01). Cytoplasmic vacuolation and swelling of hepatocytes were revealed in the model group after ischemia/reperfusion. Treatments with luteolin and hemin markedly relieved the liver structural changes. These results suggest that HO-1 protects rat liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and luteolin reduces the content of MDA and increases the activity of SOD and the expression of HO-1, which indicate that luteolin can elevate the antioxidation in rat liver, and thus protects rat liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Animals ; Female ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Liver ; blood supply ; Luteolin ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism