PARP [poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase] represents a novel potential target in cancer therapy. It is involved in a DNA repair process by catalyzing the transfer of ADP-ribose units from NAD to a number of its substrate proteins. In this work, a series of novel azaindole derivatives was designed and synthesized. Moreover, 16 target molecules were screened and 8 compounds displayed inhibitory activity against PARP-1. It has been demonstrated that these azaindoles bearing cycloamine substituents at 2-position were active to both PARP-1 and PARP-2.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Aza Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Indoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effects of Yanggan Lidan Granules (YGLDG) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver damage in mice and to find out its mechanism. METHODS: A model of chronic liver damage was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of CCl(4). After three weeks, those model mice were treated with low-, medium-, high-dose YGLDG, Danning Tablets and bifendate respectively for four weeks. Then the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues were detected. RESULTS: YGLDG could significantly reduce the levels of serum ALT and AST in model mice, and the content of MDA was obviously decreased while the content of SOD was increased in liver tissue. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of YGLDG on mice with CCl(4)-induced liver damage is to relieve the seriousness of liver damage, and its mechanism may relate to reducing peroxidation activity in liver tissue.

Objective To investigate the roles and significances of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis by repeated renal biopsy.Methods Seventeen patients diagnosed by renal biopsy as WHO typeⅣlupus nephritis were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining for MMP-2 and MMP-9. Double staining for MMP-2 and MT1-MMP,MMP-9 and CD68 were also performed.Patients had repeated renal biopsy after followed up for 2.5 years.The relationship between expressions of gelatinases and pathological activity index and clinical data were studied.Results MMP-2 immunoreactivity was detected in normal controls and was increased in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis.MMP-9 staining,which was almost negative in normal giomeruli,was increased much more significantly in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. The immunoreactivity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was positive in MT1-MMP staining and CD68-positive macrophages, respectively.The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was reduced by 70% and 62% in 10 patients whose clinical condition was partially alleviated,while the expressions in 7 patients whose clinical condition was not alleviated,were only reduced by 27% and 32%.The staining for MMP-2 and MMP-9 were correlated with activity index of lupus nephritis and proteinuria.Conclusion Up-regulation of gelatinases expression in diffuse proliferate lupus nephritis is correlated to activity index of the disease.

Icaritin, a prenylflavonoid derivative from Epimedium Genus, has been shown to exhibit many pharmacological and biological activities. However, the function and the underlying mechanisms of icaritin in human non-small cell lung cancer have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of icaritin on A549 cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. The cell viability after icaritin treatment was tested by MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis were respectively detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results demonstrated that icaritin induced cell cycle arrest at S phase, and down-regulated the expression levels of S regulatory proteins such as Cyclin A and CDK2. Icaritin also induced cell apoptosis characterized by positive Hoechst 33258 staining, accumulation of the Annexin V-positive cells, increased ROS level and alteration in Bcl-2 family proteins expression. Moreover, icaritin induced sustained phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK. These findings suggested that icaritin might be a new potent inhibitor by inducing S phase arrest and apoptosis in human lung carcinoma A549 cells.

The fine structure of enoxaparin sodium samples with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives were analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A further study of anticoagulation activity of enoxaparins was performed, including those on their inhibition activities of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin (FIIa). The results showed that the anti-FXa and -FIIa activities of enoxaparins with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives (20.0%-39.7%) with similar structure characteristics, had decreasing tendency when the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives increased. Especially, the anti-FXa activity was sensitive to the change of the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives.
Anticoagulants ; chemistry ; Enoxaparin ; chemistry ; Factor Xa Inhibitors ; chemistry ; Thrombin ; antagonists & inhibitors

BackgroundObstruction of aqueous humor out flow pathway or abnormality of the extracellular matrix( ECM ) of trabecular meshwork cells causes high intraocular pressure. The balance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases(TIMPs) is critical for the metabolism of ECM. Interleukin1α(IL-1α) can influence outflow of aqueous humor by regulating MMPs level. Objective This study was to investigate the effect of interleukin-1α on the expression of MMP-2,MMP-3 and TIMP-I in cultured swine trabecular meshwork cells.Methods Swine sclera with trabecular meshwork tissue was isolated from 20 swine eyes and cultured with explant cultured method. Cultured cells were passaged and third generation cells were identified by fibronectin ( FN ) and laminin ( LN ) staining. After 24 hours of serum starvation, trabecular meshwork cells treated with IL-1α at the concentration of 10 mg/L were regarded as the IL group,and serum-free culture medium used to treat trabecular meshwork cells was regarded as the control group. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 proteins in trabecular meshwork cells were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the expression of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-3 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The examination results were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe third generation of cells were positive for FN and LM. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 proteins(A value) in trabecular meshwork cells were significantly higher in the IL group than the control group(t=-7. 694,t =-5. 199,P＜0. 05) ,but no obvious difference was found in the expression of MMP-2 between the two groups( t=-2. 365, P＞0.05 ). The higher expression levels in MMP-3 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA (A value) in trabecular meshwork cells were seen in comparison with the control group (t =-3. 025,t=-1. 921 ,P＜0. 05). However,similar results were found in the expression of MMP-2 mRNA between the two groups(t =- 1. 173, P＞0.05 ). ConclusionsThe overexpression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 proteins and their mRNA leads to the imbalance of MMP-3/TIMP-1 and promotes the decomposition of ECM in the trabecular meshwork, and therefore increases aqueous outflow.

Bone Diseases ; therapy ; Bone and Bones ; physiology ; Humans ; Martial Arts ; education ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Religious Philosophies

As one of the diseases with high incidence in China， cancer seriously endangers human health. The scientific research and clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the prevention and treatment of tumors during the Sixth Five-Year Plan period and the 13th Five-Year Plan period show that TCM has certain advantages in preventing and treating postoperative metastasis and recurrence， prolonging survival period， alleviating adverse reactions， and improving the quality of life of patients with advanced tumors. However， innovation of the TCM theoretical thinking and realization of the TCM full-cycle management are needed urgently， which limits the improvement of clinical efficacy. Malignant tumor is a truly representative of major difficult diseases. The simple mode of syndrome differentiation and treatment cannot meet the clinical needs， and thus the triple mode of disease， syndrome and symptom differentiation and treatment emerged， and has received widespread attention. However， since malignant tumors have their own characteristics of occurrence， development and evolvement， it is urgent to establish a new system of TCM differentiation and treatment for special diseases to adapt to the law of modern disease development. Therefore， on the basis of the triple mode， this paper innovatively proposed a new system of cancer prevention and treatment based on five views on differentiation and treatment in TCM， forming a new paradigm of whole-cycle， whole-chain and all-directional integrated Chinese and western medicine prevention and treatment of tumors. Specifically， time-space view： On the basis of the holistic concept and combined with the complex characteristics of different pathological types， lesion location， disease course and treatment stages of malignant tumors， the dynamic and systematic participation of TCM in the whole process of tumor treatment was brought into play from the time and space dimensions. Core view： The core pathogenesis was summarized based on the combination of disease and syndrome， and its key role in guiding differentiation and treatment of malignant tumors was emphasized. Additionally， the pathogenesis characteristics and evolvement rules of various cancer types in different stages were paid attention. Symptom view： The symptoms were ameliorated and the quality of life was improved. The current obvious contradictions of patients were solved to enhance the humanistic nature of treatment. Precision view： In combination of modern medical concepts， TCM constitutions and laboratory indicators， TCM advantages were enriched and emphasized for precise clinical positioning. Disease-before-onset view： As prevention is more important than treatment， precaution was focused on in each stage of tumors. The five views had different emphases and were interrelated， covering new understandings of the existing TCM prevention and treatment system of malignant tumors. In addition， new ideas and concepts have been introduced on the basis of the original TCM theory， which provided new strategies for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of tumors.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, the expression of EBV latent membrane protein 1 ( LMPl) and oncogene bcl-2 in lung cancer patients.

METHODSEBERI in 108 cases of lung cancer were detected with in situ hybridization. EBV positive and negative lung cancer tissues were analysed for the expression of LMP1 and Bcl-2 by immnohistochemistry. The average area (AA) and integral optical density (IA) of each sample was measured with the digital medical image analyzing system.

RESULTSIn 108 cases of lung cancer, 36 cases were EBER1 positive and 7 cases were LMP1 positive. The expression of Bcl-2 was higher in EBV positive lung cancer tissues than that in EBV negative. The AA value was 58014.23 +/- 6918.45 and 38156.22 +/- 4096.79, while the IA value was 11.00 +/- 1.48 and 8.03 +/- 0.78 respectively. No statistic difference was fund in the expression of Bcl-2 betwen LMP1 positive and negative lung cancer tisssues.

CONCLUSIONEBV infection in lung cancer increased the expression of bcl-2, which may play a role in the occurrence or development of lung cancer. The increased expression of Bcl-2 may not be induced by LMP1. The exact mechanism need further study.

Adult ; Aged ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Severe tracheal stenosis can not only cause critical medical problems such as severe shortness of breath, hypoxia, and even orthopnea, but also impose overwhelming challenges on the physicians, particularly the anesthesiologist. Life-threatening airway obstruction can make the patient's gas exchange extremely difficult.Though several options could be offered regarding the treatment of tracheal stenosis, normally, tracheal resection and following reconstruction is the first choice for severe airway stenosis. Successful surgical intervention relies on the close communication and cooperation between surgeons and anesthesiologists. In these cases, airway management is the top issue for the anesthesiologist, and the level of difficulty varies with stenosis location, severity of stenosis, and surgical technique. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), is rarely utilized for the surgery, but for those impossible airways due to nearly complete tracheal obstruction, ECMO or CPB could be the final choice for anesthesiologists. Here we report a case of successful urgent airway management for tracheal resection and reconstruction assisted by temporary CPB.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Trachea ; surgery