Adolescent ; Adult ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Objective To study the changes of interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-6,IL-8 in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods The serum of IL-4,IL-6,IL-8 in 35 ITP patients and 20 normal control children were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The serum IL-4,IL-6,IL-8 in ITP patients were elevated. There were significant difference between ITP group and control group(P

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common cancer of the biliary tract,constituting 80％-95％ of malignant biliary tract tumors.Surgical resection is currently regarded as the sole curative treatment for GBC.Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) has been adopted to remove the advanced gallbladder tumor together with the infiltrated parts within the liver,lower biliary tract and the peripancreatic region of GBC patients.However,patients who underwent HPD were reported to have a distinctly higher postoperative morbidity (71.4％,ranging from 30.8％ to 100％) and mortality (13.2％,ranging from 2.4％ to 46.9％) than those given pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) alone.We present two patients with advanced GBC who underwent a modified surgical approach ofHPD:PD with microwave ablation (MWA) of adjacent liver tissues and the technique of intraductal cooling of major bile ducts.No serious complications like bile leakage,pancreatic fistula,hemorrhage and organ dysfunction,etc.occurred in the two patients.They had a rapid recovery with postoperative hospital stay being 14 days.Application of this approach effectively eliminated tumor-infiltrated adjacent tissues,and maximally reduced the postoperative morbidity and mortality.This modified surgical method is secure and efficacious for the treatment of locally advanced GBC.

Doctor WANG Zhi-zhong in the Southern Song Dynasty proposed the acupoint view of "location of disease", which explained the connotation of acupoints from the angle of clinic. Its meaning included two levels, one level meant pathological change on the body surface, that was the location of acupuncture diagnosis-treatment, and the other one indicated that the body surface which was the reflecting point of pathological change on the distal area or inside the body was the location of acupuncture diagnosis-treatment. The specific connotations of clinical acupoints were: location of pathogenic factors or reflection of pathogenic factors, regularity between acupoints un- der disease and specific organ, morphological differences and positioning variability after acupoints under disease, and acupoints examination, diagnosis and treatment.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians

When looking back to the literature regarding insomnia, it is believed that "disharmony of stomach leads to insomnia" is an important mechanism for the attack of insomnia. This theory is widely accepted in clinical practices by ancient and modern acupuncturists, thus the method treating insomnia from the stomach is developed. But deeper research on its mechanism is still lacking. Through correlation between stomach meridian and heart meridian, spleen and stomach being the pivot of rise and decline of qi movement and yin-yang and being the pivot of five zang-viscera housing spirit, modern abdomen-brain theory and experimental research, the mechanism of treating insomnia from the stomach is discussed in this paper, so as to be better to guide clinical acupoint-selection and treatment.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Stomach ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of Xinfeng Capsule (XFC) in treating adjuvant arthritis of rats and its effect on fas, fasL and bcl-2 expression in synovial membrane.

METHODSRats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the model group, the methotrexate (MTX) group, the TPT group and the XFC group. Except for the rats in the normal group, animals were modelled to adjuvant arthritis with Freund's complete adjuvant, and the latter three groups were treated with MTX, Tripterygium wilfordii polysaccharide (TPT) and XFC respectively. The arthritis index (AI), change of body weight (BW) of rats were recorded, and the expressions of fas, fasL and bcl-2 in rats' synovial membrane were determined.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, the AI in the three treated groups was lowered significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The BW increment in the XFC group after treatment was insignificantly different to that in the normal group (P > 0.05), while it was significantly lower in the other two treated groups than that in the normal group and the XFC group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, fasL expression was increased in the XFC group significantly (P < 0.05), but bcl-2 expression decreased, fas expression showed insignificant difference (P > 0.05). Comparison of the three gene expressions between the three treated groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONXFC could decrease AI in rats with adjuvant arthritis in the same way as MTX and TPT, it effected better in increasing BW than the latter two. The effect of XFC might be performed by its action in enhancing fasL expression, inhibiting bcl-2 expression and promoting apoptosis of proliferated synovial membranous cell so as to restrain hyperplasia of synovial membrane.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Hyperplasia ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Phytotherapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synovial Membrane ; metabolism ; pathology ; fas Receptor ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To observe the effects of intermittent hypoxic preconditioning on the expression of apoptosis-related EPO after 70％ hepatectomy combined with ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods One hundred and twenty healthy SD rats of clean grade,simple random divided into 3 groups:Sham operation group of 40 rats ; Pure major hepatic resection group was 40 (Major hepatectomy,MH),namely in the hepatic portal blocking liver resection of the left and middle lobes,hepatic portal blocking 20 min ; intermittent hypoxia preconditioning group 40 (Intermittent hypoxia preconditioning,IHP group).Results MH group,S group,IHP group,EPO level in three experimental groups in postoperative residual liver tissue in rats with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05),Intermittent hypoxia preconditioning group of residual liver EPO content was significantly higher than that of simple hepatic resection group 40.Conclusion Intermittent hypoxia preconditioning can promote the expression of residual liver after hepatectomy in EPO.

The effect of amygdalin joint hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on the endplate chondrocytes derived from intervertebral discs of rats induced by IL-1beta and the possible mechanism were studied and explored. Chondrocytes were obtained from endplate of one-month SD rat intervertebral discs and cultured primary endplate chondrocytes. After identification, they were divided into normal group, induced group, amygdalin group, HSYA group and combined group. CCK-8 kit was adopted to detect the proliferation of the endplate chondrocytes. FCM was measured to detect the apoptosis. Real-time PCR method was adopted to observe the mRNA expression of Aggrecan, Col 2 alpha1, Col 10 alpha1, MMP-13 and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta. The protein expression of Col II, Col X was tested through immunofluorescence. Compared with the normal group, the proliferation of the endplate chondrocytes decreased while the apoptosis increased (P < 0.05). With down regulation of the mRNA expressions of Aggrecan, Col 2 alpha1 and up regulation of the mRNA expressions of Col 10 alpha1, MMP-13, IL-1beta (P < 0.05), the protein expression of Col II decreased while the protein expression of Col X increased. Compared with the induced group, amygdalin group, HSYA group, the combined group could inhibit the apoptosis and promote the proliferation (P < 0.05). They could increase the mRNA expressions of Aggrecan and Col 2 alpha1 while decrease the mRNA expressions of Col 10 alpha1, MMP-13 and IL-1beta (P < 0.05). They could also enhance the protein expression of Col II while reduce the protein expression of Col X. The effect of the combined group was significantly better than that of amygdalin and HSYA. Amygdalin joint HSYA could inhibit the degeneration of the endplate chondrocytes derived from intervertebral discs of rats induced by IL-1beta and better than the single use of amygdalin or HSYA.
Amygdalin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Chalcone ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Chondrocytes ; drug effects ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Drug Synergism ; Interleukin-1beta ; Intervertebral Disc ; cytology ; Quinones ; pharmacology ; Rats

Sailuotong (SLT) is a compound preparation composed of ginseng, ginkgo and saffron for the treatment of vascular dementia In order to identify its material foundation and provide evidence for therapeutic regimen, the pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of ginsenosides were investigated after intragastric administration of SLT. An LC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of 7 ginsenosides in rat plasma simultaneously. Statistical analysis of obtained data demonstrated that the method has achieved the desired linearity, precision, accuracy and sensitivity. After administration of SLT at 60 mg x kg(-1) dose, 7 ginsengosides were all absorbed into systematic circulation. The quantitative and statistical analysis of gensenosides in plasma showed that protopanaxdiol saponins exhibited higher concentration and longer half life than protopanaxatriol saponins. The mean value of half life of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2/b3, Rc and Rd were 15.26, 2.46, 18.41, 27.70, 21.86 and 61.58 h respectively. The peak concentration of them were 7.15, 2.83, 55.32, 30.22, 21.42, 8.81 microg x L(-1) respectively. The determination of brain distribution at different time after dosing revealed ginsenosides entered into brain promptly but the concentration declined along with time rapidly. The ginsenosides with higher concentration in brain were Rg1, Re, Rb1 and Rc. These findings demonstrated ginsenosides could be absorbed in blood and penetrated into brain rapidly. Some ginsenosides, especially Rg1 and Re, might be the main components directly effecting neurocyte in brain taking advantage of their better brain distribution. While ginsenosides of mostly protopanaxdiol saponins might protect brain mainly depending on peripheral efficacy in virtue of their long residence in blood, by which higher concentration could be reached after multiple dosing.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Time Factors

Objective To observe the effects of intermittent hypoxic preconditioning on the expression of apoptosis-related Bcl-2 and Bax protein after 70％ hepatectomy combined with ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods A total of fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n =18).Partial hepatectomy hroup (PH Group):Rats underwent the left and middle lobectomy of liver(70％ hepatectomy).Ischemia reperfusion group (IR group):The left and middle lobes of liver were resected during the occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament for 20 minutes.Residual liver underwent the process of ischemia-reperfusion.Intermittent hypoxia preconditioning group (IHP group):rats were exposed to hypoxic environment of 10％ oxygen for 1 h/d.After 7 consecutive days,the left and middle lobes of liver were resected under the portal triad clamping.At 12,24 and 48 hours after the operation,the rats were killed and detected.The serum levels of ALT and AST were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in liver tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results At each time point after surgery,the serum levels of ALT and AST in IR group and IHP group were higher than that of PH group,and IHP group were lower than in IR group.Compared with IR group,the expression of Bcl2 protein significantly increased and Bax protein expression significantly decreased in IHP group.All these differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Intermittent hypoxic preconditioning might protect residual liver against ischemia reperfusion injury,through increasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein and reducing the expression of Bcl-2 protein to decrease liver cell apoptosis.