Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Axilla ; Histiocytic Sarcoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, IgE ; metabolism

Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; classification ; pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; pathology ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the effect of Melatonin(MT) on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (CD4+CD25+Tr)and airway inflammation in asthmatic rat.Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,8 rats in each group.Asthmatic group:rats were immunized on day 1 and 7 by intraperitoneal inject of mixture of ovalbumin(OVA) and aluminumhydroxide.From day 14,the animals were allenged with aerosolized OVA for 20 min per day for 7 consecutive days.MT group:OVA-sensitized rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mg/kg MT 30 min before each OVA challenge.Dexamethasone group:OVA-sensitized rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg Dexamethasone 30 min before each OVA challenge.Control group:OVA for inhalation and MT for intraperitoneal injection was replaced with saline.After the last challenge,peripheral blood was stained to count the percentage of eosinophil(EOS).Then the rats were lavaged and total leukocytes counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were performed after staining with Wright-Giemsa staining.The EOS counts around the airway was counted after the histological section of lung staining with hematoxylin and eosin staining.The serum level of immunoglobulin E(IgE) was detected by immunoenhancement.The change of CD4+CD25+Tr was assessed with flow cytometry.SPSS 10.0 software was applied to analyze data. Results In asthmatic rats,the CD4+CD25+ Tr/ CD4+T cells ratio had significant negative relationship with the EOS counts around the airway and the total leukocytes counts in BALF (r=-0.73 P0.05).There was a significant decrease in the percentage of the eosinophils in peripheral blood,the eosinophil counts around the airway,the total leukocytes counts in BALF and the serum level of IgE in MT group compared with asthmatic group (Pa

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Bushen Wenyang Huayu Recipe (BWHR) on hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), proline hydroxylase2 (PHD2), von Hippel Lindau disease (VHL) suppressor gene expressions in endometriosis (EM) rats with Shen yang deficiency blood stasis syndrome (SYDBSS), and to explore the pathogenesis of EM and the mechanism of BWHR for treating EM.

METHODSTotally 50 SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e., the blank control group, the sham-operation group, the model group, the Chinese medicine (CM) group, and the Western medicine (WM) group, 10 in each group. Rats in the blank control group and the sham-operation group were fed routinely. Rats in the rest 3 groups received 30-day "extended refrigerator freezing and ice water immersion" and combined with " autotransplantation" to establish EM rat model with SYDBSS. One Milliliter BWHR at 3.33 g/mL was administered to rats in the CM group by gastrogavage. Gestrinone at the daily dose of 0. 5 mg/kg was administered to rats in the WM group by gastrogavage. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to rats in the model group, the blank control group, and the sham-operation group. The size and morphology of ectopic foci in rats were observed after 4 weeks of medication. Expressions of serum CA125, plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were detected by radioimmunoassay. Morphological changes of eutopic endometrium and ectopic tissue were observed under the optical microscope by HE staining. Protein expressions and contents of HIF-lα, PHD2, and VHL were detected by immunohistochemical SABC method and Western blot. mRNA expressions of HIF-1α, PHD2, and VHL were detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe ectopic foci grew significantly in the model group. Their volumes were obviously contracted after treated by CM and WM. Compared with the blank control group and the sham-operation group, serum CA125 and plasma cGMP obviously increased, cAMP obviously decreased (P < 0.05); expressions and contents of HIF-1α mRNA and protein all decreased (P < 0.05); mRNA and protein expressions and contents of PHD2 and VHL all decreased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with model group, levels of CA125 and cGMP obviously decreased; cAMP levels obviously increased, expressions and contents of HIF-1α mRNA and protein all increased, mRNA and protein expressions and contents of PHD2 and VHL all increased in the WM group and the CM group (P < 0.05). Compared with the CM group, PHD2 protein contents were higher in the WM group (P < 0.05). HIF-1α was negatively correlated with PHD2 (r = -0.799, P = 0.00). HIF-1α was negatively correlated with VHL (r = -0. 625, P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONSBWHR could effectively treat EM. Its mechanism might be associated with reducing contents of HIF-1α, serum CA125, and plasma cGMP, and up-regulating expressions of PHD2, VHL, and cAMP.

Animals ; Cyclic AMP ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Female ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Proline ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Up-Regulation ; Yang Deficiency ; drug therapy ; metabolism

The purpose of this study is to identify the electrical activity of neuron, the existence of the transition from bursting pattern to spiking pattern and the ion mechanism of the bursting pattern. The intracellular electrical activity patterns of single neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of crayfish were recorded when the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](o)) or calcium-dependent potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium concentration ([TEA](o)) were changed, using intracellular recording method. These single neurons were also functionally isolated from the ganglion by application of atropine and picrotoxin which could block the inhibitory acetylcholine synapses and glutamatergic synapses respectively. When [Ca(2+)](o) was decreased by increasing EGTA, the membrane potential of the neuron was increased, and the electrical activity patterns were changed from the resting state with lower potential value (resting state of polarization) to the bursting pattern firstly, and then to the spiking pattern, at last to the resting state with higher potential value (resting state of depolarization). When [TEA](o) was increased, the membrane potential of the neuron was increased, and the electrical activity pattern was changed from the resting state with lower potential value (resting state of polarization) to the bursting pattern firstly, and then to the spiking pattern. The duration of the burst of the bursting pattern was increased. When [Ca(2+)](o) was increased or [TEA](o) was decreased, an inverse procedure of the electrical activity pattern was exhibited. On one hand, the results indicate that a single neuron can generate various electrical activity patterns corresponding to different physiological conditions, and the regularity of the transitions between different electrical activity patterns. On the other hand, the results identify that the initiation and termination of the burst in bursting pattern are determined by calcium-activated potassium conductance, which is adjusted by intracellular calcium concentration influenced by inward calcium current. It may be the ionic mechanism of generation of the bursting pattern in a single neuron.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Animals ; Astacoidea ; physiology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Ganglia, Invertebrate ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Tibetan medicine Phyllanthus emblica.

METHODVarious chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents, and the structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses.

RESULT11 compounds were isolated and identified as gallic acid (I), ellagic acid (II), 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (III), 3,6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose (IV), chebulinic acid (V), quercetin (VI), chebulagic acid (VII), corilagin (VIII), 3-ethylgallic acid (3-ethoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, IX), isostrictiniin (X), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (XI).

CONCLUSION3-Ethylgallic acid (3-ethoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-benzoic acid) is a novel compound, and isostrictiniin was found from P. emblica for the first time.

Ellagic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Phyllanthus emblica ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Tibet

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathologic features, clinical progress and prognosis of the basal-like subtype of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast.

METHODSFour cases of ILC were analyzed by detailed histopathologic observation and immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, p120 catenin, ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, p63, p53, Ki-67 using MaxVision method. The follow-up and clinical data were analyzed.

RESULTSMorphologically, one case was mixed ILC and three cases were pleomorphic ILC. The tumor cells were negative for E-cadherin except one case with focal membrane positivity, and all showed p120 catenin cytoplasmic positivity except one case with focal membrane positivity. All cases were negative for ER, PR and HER2 (triple negative), and positive for EGFR and CK5/6. Two cases were positive for p63. The cases were partly and weakly positive for p53, and the Ki-67 positive rate was between 30% and 75%. Follow-up data showed that two cases developed chest wall metastases, and in one case, there was progression to liver and abdominal metastases.

CONCLUSIONSILC of the breast are ER, PR and HER2 "triple negative", CK5/6 and EGFR positive, indicative of basal-like characteristics. Basal-like subtype of ILC are peculiarly prone to metastasis and poor response to chemotherapy, suggesting that it is associated with poor prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Catenins ; metabolism ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Keratin-6 ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; secondary ; Thoracic Wall ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features and histopathology of the neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast.

METHODSTwenty-two cases of NEC of the breast were analysed by morphology and immunohistochemistry using synaptophysin, chromogranin A, NSE, CD56, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, EGFR, CK5/6, CK14, p63, E-cadherin, p120, p53 and Ki-67 staining. HER2 gene amplification was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for cases with HER2 protein expression 2+. The diagnosis of breast NEC relies on the expression of neuroendocrine markers expression in more than 50% of tumor cells, and no evidence of neuroendocrine carcinoma in any other parts of the body at the same time.

RESULTSThe patients aged from 31 to 96 years (mean 65.2 years), and all were female but one. Amongst the 22 patients studied, the NECs were in the left breast in 15 cases (68.2%) and in the right breast in seven cases (31.8%); the tumor size was 0.5 to 5.5 cm (mean 2.7 cm). Lymph node metastasis was found in six cases. Basing on the morphologic features, these 22 cases were categorized into six subtypes including nine cases of solid cohesive, six of mucinous, three of solid papillary, two of small cell, one of large cell and one of alveolar variants. Immunohistochemically, the expression rate of markers was 100% (22/22) for synaptophysin, 12/13 for NSE, 54.5% (12/22) for chromogranin A, and 5/16 for CD56. Also, 90.5% (19 of 21) of cases expressed ER, 81.0% (17 of 21) of cases expressed PR, and none expressed EGFR, CK5/6, CK14 and p63. HER2 protein over-expression (3+) and gene amplification was not detected in any case. All cases (19/19) were positive for membrane staining for E-cadherin and p120. p53 expression was seen in 6 of 17 cases. Ki-67 labeling index was less than 3% in 9.5% (2/21) of the cases, 3% to 20% in 66.7% (14/21) of the cases and more than 20% in 23.8% (5/21) of the cases. Both cases of HER2 (2+) did not show gene amplification by FISH. On the basis of immunophenotypes, most of the breast NECs were of the luminal molecular subtype, but not HER2-overexpression or basal-like subtypes.

CONCLUSIONSNEC of breast more likely occurs in elderly patients and in the left breast than the right breast. The most common morphology is the solid cohesive subtype, followed by the mucinous variant.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Breast Neoplasms, Male ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranins ; metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the alterations of microtubule and microfilament expression are responsible for the neurotoxicity of carbon disulfide.

METHODSWistar rats were administered with carbon disulfide by gavage at a dosage of 300 or 500 mg/kg for continuous 12 weeks (five times per week). Spinal cords of carbon disulfide-intoxicated rats and their age-matched controls were Triton-extracted and ultracentrifuged to yield a pellet and a corresponding supernatant fraction. Then, the contents of alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, and beta-actin in both fractions were determined by immunoblotting. In the meantime, their mRNA levels in spinal cords were quantified using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSIn the supernatant fraction, the contents of beta-tubulin and beta-actin in both treated groups increased significantly (P < 0.01) the content of beta-tubulin increased by 141% and 158% respectively, and the content of beta-actin increased by 19% and 32% respectively. In the pellet fraction, the content of beta-tubulin in both groups increased by 107%(P < 0.01) and 118%(P < 0.01) respectively, and the others keep unaffected. In the meantime, the levels of of mRNA expression of beta-tubulin and beta-actin gene were elevated consistently in CS(2)-treated groups (P < 0.01) the levels of mRNA expression of beta-tubulin increased by 207% and 212% respectively, and the levels of mRNA expression of beta-actin increased by 94% and 91% respectively.

CONCLUSIONCarbon disulfide intoxication results in alternations of microtubule and microfilament expression, and the alternations might be related to its neurotoxicity.

Actins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Carbon Disulfide ; poisoning ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Tubulin ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo summarize the morphological features of basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma (BLSIBC), and to look for diagnostic clues for its recognition.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was performed in 109 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, with CK5/6, CK14, CK8/ 18, 34betaE12, calponin, p63, CD10, ER, PR and c-erbB-2 monoclonal antibodies. Five subtypes were classified according to immunophenotypes: luminal A subtype (ER+/HER2-), luminal B subtype (ER+/ HER2+), normal breast-like subtype (ER/HER2-), HER2-overexpressing subtype and BLSIBC which was identified with at least one kind of basal-like cytokeratins or markers of myoepithelium and ER/HER2. The microscopic features of basal-like subtype were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe number of luminal A case was 48 (44.0%), luminal B 15 (13.8%), HER2 over-expressing 15 (13.6%), normal breast-like 10 (9.1%), basal-like subtype 19 (17.4%). Besides, the other two cases expressed c-erbB-2 or/and ER plus markers for myoepithelium, thus were excluded from all the five mentioned subtypes. Of the 19 basal-like subtype, CK5/6 was expressed in 16 cases, CK8/18 in 17 cases, CK14 in 11 cases, 34betaE12 in 18 cases, p63 in 5 cases, CD10 in 6 cases, and calponin in 1 case. The diameter of the BLSIBC cases was 1.2-7 cm (averagely 3.9 cm) , and in 6 cases, the tumor diameter was >5 cm. Only one case displayed extensive in situ component, 9 cases were grade 2, and 9 cases were grade 3. Compared to non basal subtype, there were significantly more high grade cases (P <0.01). The morphological features of basal-like subtype were summarized as the followings: pushing margin (13 cases), lymphocytic tissue hyperplasia (18 cases), nest or sheet arrangement (18 cases), nucleus grade 3 and scattered giant or bizarre nuclei (17 cases), syncytial growth (7 cases), and comedo-like necrosis (17 cases). The frequency of these features were significantly more common than non basal subtype (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe morphologic diagnostic features of BLSIBC are pushing margins, lymphocyte infiltration, comedo-like necrosis, gigantic cell and syncytial growth.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Genes, erbB-2 ; physiology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-5 ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mammography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; physiopathology ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; analysis ; genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen ; analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; analysis ; Ultrasonography ; methods