Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MR urography(MRU) in the diagnosis of urinary diseases. Methods MR urography was performed in 58 patients with urologic diseases,inclu- ding :renal tuberculosis(6),various congenital anomalies of urinary tract(27),renal pelvis carcinoma(2), ureteral carcinoma (10),ureteral polyp(2),ureteral calculi(8) and iatrogenic ureteral stricture(3). Results MR urography provided high-resolution images of the kidneys and urinary tract in all patients.The characteristics of renal tuberculosis,urinary tract dilation and the various anatomic anomalies were depicted well.MR urography was successful in localizing the level of obstruction in all of the 58 patients(100%),although MR urography alone could not reliably determine the cause of obstruction in some cases. Conclusions In diagnosing urinary diseases,MR urography has its advantages and limitations.It should be used appropriately in diagnosing urinary diseases.

Objective To improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of non-specific ureteritis. Methods The clinical data of 11 cases of non-specific ureteritis (6 men and 5 women) were retrospectively analyzed. Their mean age was 48 years (range,24～67 years).The lesions were detected in upper part of the ureter in 1 case,in middle part in 3,and in lower part in 7.All the lesions were unilateral strictured;of them unifocal strictures were found in 9 cases and multifocal strictures in 2.Open surgery was performed in 7 cases,biopsy and double J stent insertion in 4;of the 4 cases balloon dilation was performed in 1. Results Pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of non-specific ureteritis.During follow-up of 6 months to 2.4 years (mean,1.6 years) for 10 cases,hydronephrosis was cured in 3 cases,alleviated in 6,unchanged in 1.Of these cases,2 underwent nephroureterectomy.No recurrence and canceration were found in the ureters of all cases. Conclusions Clinically,exploratory operation and biopsy are very important for suspected disorders of ureter before performing nephroureterectomy.

Objective: The purpose of this tudy was to dynamicly observe the weight and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the unsexed rabbits with a few self-made standardized phantoms. Methods:The eighteen healthy adult female rabbits were measured for their weight and BMD in preunsexed and postunsexed 5 months, 10 months with quantitative CT(QCT). Results:There were 61.1% of rabbits whose weight and BMD decreased after 5 months of the postunsexed and 100% of rabbits whose weight and BMD decreased after 10 months of the operation. Conclusion:QCT can be used to dynamicly observe curative effect of drugs in various periods as well,and it is a good method to study osteoporosis.

Objective To explore the effect of salubrinal (sal,an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor) on radiosensitivity of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC).Methods Cells were divided into two groups of sal treatment and its control.For drug treatment group,cells were treated with 10 mmol/L sal for different time (12,24,36 h) and then irradiated.The levels of a core protein GRP78 of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in HNSCC (KB,Fadu,and Detroit 562 cells)were analyzed by Western blot assay at different time (0,20 min,1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h) after irradiation.Cell survival was measured with colony formation assay.Results Western blot assay revealed that the protein levels of GRP78 in three kinds of HNSCC significantly increased from 20 min to 1 h and peaked at 3 h after radiation (t =12.72,13.37,18.31,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,treatment of cells with sal decreased GRP78 protein levels (t =14.25,5.34,3.12,P ＜ 0.05) in three cell lines and also significantly enhanced radiation damage and reduced cell viability.The sensitization enhancement ratios (SER) of sal in three cell lines were 1.16,1.05 and 1.06,respectively.Conclusions Rradiosensitivity of HNSCC could be effectively enhanced by sal treatment.

Objective To examine the induction effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene differentiating into chondrocytes. Methods We observed the phenotype of cells which were stained with alcian blue and HE climbing to the six pore plate with invert microscope. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) value in culture medium was detected in control group,BMP7 transfect and culture medium induced groups after 7,14 and 21 days using standard curve method. Standard curve was described using galacturonic-acid as reference substance. The content of collagen Ⅱ was detected by ELISA method. Results HE and Alcian blue staining showed that BMP7 gene transfection group and the group induced by fluid possess the characteristics of chondrocyte. BMP7 induced BMSCs differentiation to chondrocyte which secrete specific protein called collagen Ⅱ and GAG. Content of GAG were (17.1±3.4),(39.5±5.4),(40.8±6.1)mg/L in control group,BMP7 gene transfected group and induced group,collagen Ⅱ were (89.7±14.3),(152.8±14.5),(155.5± 19.3)μg/L in these three groups separately. Comparing with control group,GAG and collagen Ⅱ of BMP7 gene transfected group and culture medium induced group increased obviously(all P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference between BMP7 gene transfeeted group and culture medium induced group (P > 0.05). Conclusion This active protein induces BMSCs differentiating into chondrocyte,in a level similar to that of inducing medium.

This paper introduces a kind of bone mineral density(BMD) measuring system with quantitative CT(QCT). This system includs a self-made solid calibration phantom for BMD and the measuring software. The results of the tests have showed that this system is reliable,cheap and ease of use for BMD measurement.

Objective To construct the recombinant protein AtlM ( rAtlM) of Staphylococcal au-reus through prokaryotic expression system and to investigate its antibacterial activity in vitro.Methods The specific primers were designed according to atlM gene sequence of Staphylococcal aureus recorded in Gen-Bank, and atlM gene was amplified by PCR from the Staphylococcal aureus strain (ATCC25923).The re-combinant plasmid pET-32а(+)/atlM was constructed and transformed into Transetta ( DE3 ) to express AtlM after induced by IPTG .The expressed protein AtlM was further analyzed by SDS-PAGE and purified by electroeluting of bag filter.The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rAtlM to ATCC25923 and oxac-illin-resistant S.aureus strain were determined by the broth microdilution method .S.aureus ATCC25923 strain and oxacillin-resistant S.aureus strain (final concentration of 5×105 CFU/ml) were exposed to rAtlM (50 μg/ml) respectively to test its antibacterial activity in vitro.Results The recombinant protein AtlM was expressed and purified successfully with a relative molecular weight of 80 ×103 and a concentration of 1.25 mg/L.The MICs of rAtlM to ATCC25923 strain and oxacillin-resistant S.aureus strain were 8 μg/ml and 64 μg/ml, respectively.In vitro test showed that rAtlM had inhibitory effects on the growth of ATCC25923 strain and oxacillin-resistant S.aureus strain after 1 h of intervention (P=0.004 and P=0.026, respectively), which lasted to 5 h for ATCC25923 strain (P=0.012) and 3 h for oxacillin-resistant strain (P=0.001).Conclusion This study shows that rAtlM has a certain antibacterial effects on S.aureus ATCC25923 strain and oxacillin-resistant S.aureus strain, suggesting a possibility of serving as antimicrobial agent.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (PKRP) and transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 186 patients with BPH were analyzed retrospectively. Two groups of BPH patients (90 patients in PKRP group,96 patients in TURP group) were treated by PKRP and TURP,respectively. The clinical date and therapeutic result were measured and compared for both in-tra-and inter-groups. Results In PKRP group,the operative time,intraoperative bleeding,the rates of damage of prostate surgical membranes,secondary hemorrhage (within 1 month),the rates of postoperative temporary urinary incontinence (within 2 months) were (65.3 ± 12.8)min,(213.6 ± 78.2)ml,5.6%(5/90),2.2% (2/90)and 21.1% (19/90),respectively,while in TURP group,these parameters were (83.6 ± 17.5) min,( 397.4 ± 142.7 )ml,17.7%( 17/96 ),11.5% ( 11/96 )and 36.5% ( 35/96 ),respectively. There were signif-icant differences between the 2 groups (P < 0.05 ). In PKRP group,the international prostate symptom score (IPSS),quality of life(QOL),Qmax and PVR were (4.7 ± 1.3 )scores,(1.1 ± 0.4)scores,( 18.7 ± 5.6)ml/s,(8.9 ± 2.5)ml,respectively,while in TURP group,these parameters were (5.3 ± 1.0)scores,(1.2 ± 0.5) scores,(20.4 ± 4.3 )ml/s,(11.2 ± 3.2)ml,respehively. These parameters were significantly improved after both procedures(P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the above parameters between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions PKRP and TURP have similar efficacy in the treatment of BPH,but PKRP ap-pears to have an advantage of more safety and easier blood controls with less physical damage and complica-lion than those in TURP. PKRP is a better treatment option for BPH.

Syndrome and formulae (or prescription) are two key issues in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the premise research for material basis of TCM. However, vagueness of syndromes and complexity of formulae greatly limited the evaluation to syndromes and effective substance basis of prescription. Therefore, how to solve the evaluation of syndromes, confirming the efficacy material basis in prescription are the current hot issues of international concern. To solve these problems, establishing chinmedomics by integrated serum pharmacochemistry of TCM with metabolomics technology, that is a unique method of TCM research, made outstanding contributions in solving international concerns such as the effectiveness and security aspects of TCM. On the basis of the biological characterization of syndrome, the metabolic profiling of animal models of TCM syndrome, and related metabolic fingerprints as well as metabolic biomarkers were established to evaluate the overall effects of TCM formulae and corresponding relationship of syndrome-formulae. The active constituents were screened using the plotting of correlation between (endogenous) marker metabolites and (exogenous) serum constituents (PCMS), and is ongoing verification by further biological experiments. Correlation analysis between the ingredients in the body after oral formulae and endogenous markers in vivo can be used to clarify the active ingredients and synergistic properties. This method was successfully applied for rapid discovery of potentially bioactive components and metabolites from TCM, and through a series of studies on the chinmedomics, it proved that the established method could help to explore the effective substance for further research of TCM. As a new research approach, Chinmedomics is the best method to fit the holistic concept of TCM, and it can not only interpret the essence of syndrome but also elucidate the scientific connotation of Chinese medical formulae.
Animals ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Evaluation of the permeability mainly focuses on intestinal absorption in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). It is more complicated that the absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) compared with single component environment, which needs suitable mathematical models to be described. Therefore, with full consideration of existing single component mathematical algorithm combining with the characteristics of intestinal absorption and metabolism, we explored and designed a new mathematical algorithm of intestinal absorption and metabolism of multicomponent drug. Then we put forward a new coefficient, P (influence), the relative change rate of the single component's intestinal absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment compared with single component environment, which described the influences of intestinal absorption and metabolism of the component under multicomponent environment. Moreover, P (influence) highlights the distinctive characteristics of multicomponent drug's intestinal absorption and metabolism, and lays the foundation for the construction of CMMBCS.
Algorithms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility