This study is to investigate the anti-allergic effect of anthocyanidin and to explore its possible mechanism. The experiments of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction (PCA) and colorimetry were used to determine the effect of anthocyanidin on degranulation of mast cells in vivo. For in vitro study, various concentrations of anthocyanidin (100, 50 and 25 micromol x L(-1)) were added to the culture medium of mast cells cultured with 100 microg x L(-1) of dinitrophenyl (DNP) specific IgE overnight. The azelastine (100 micromol x L(-1)) was selected as the positive control. The antigen (DNP-human serum albumin, DNP-HAS)-induced release of degranulation was measured by enzymatic assay, histamine was determined by EIA, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured by Western blotting, separately. In addition, the effects of anthocyanidin on phosphorylation of NF-kappaB, p38MAPK and Akt were observed by Western blotting. The results showed that treatments with anthocyanidin (100 and 50 mg x kg(-1)) were followed by a decrease in PCA of rats. Anthocyanidin (100 and 50 micromol x L(-1)) obviously suppressed the degranulation from mast cells, whereas results from anthocyanidin (100 and 50 micromol x L(-1)) group indicated significant inhibitory effect on histamine, the calcium uptake, TNF-alpha, IL-6, phosphorylation of NF-kappaB, p38MAPK and Akt of mast cells induced by antigen. Anthocyanidin may suppress the anaphylactic reaction by inhibiting the action of mast cells. NF-kappaB, p38MAPK and Akt at least in part contribute to this event.
Animals ; Anthocyanins ; pharmacology ; Anti-Allergic Agents ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Degranulation ; drug effects ; Histamine Release ; drug effects ; Immunoglobulin E ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Mast Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Background Research showed that transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) promotes scar formation.But its mechanism in scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery is worthy of studying.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of TGF-β2 on myofibroblast transition of human Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs) and scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery.Methods Tenon capsular tissue was obtained from 3 patients with strabismus during the surgery and was incubated in DMEM with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS).The cells were collected and passaged in the free-serum medium for 24 hours,and then 1,2,5,10,20 μg/L TGF-β2 was added into the medium respectively,to induce the transformation of HTFs,and 2 μg/L or 5 μg/L TGF-β2 was used to treat the HTFs for 6,24,48 and 72 hours.The control group was not treated with TGF-β2.The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and phosphorylation of the signaling proteins (pSmad2) in HTFs were detected by Western blot assay.The expressions of α-SMA and F-actin were located by cell immunofluorescine technique under the confocal immunofluorescence microscopy.Cell contractility was determined by collagen gel contraction assays.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Institute of Surgery Research of Daping Hospital,and informed consent was obtained from each patient or custodian initial of the study.Results The expression of α-SMA protein in the HTFs was increased significantly after the treatment of TGF-β2 in comparison with the control group and reached a peak at 24-48 hours.The α-SMA expression was gradually weakened in the 10 μg/L TGF-β2 groups.Little of α-SMA and F-actin were expressed in the control group.However,strong staining for α-SMA and F-actin were observed in the 1,2 and 5 μg/L TGF-β2 groups and then the staining weakened at the concentration of 10 μg/L.In addition,pSmad2 showed a stronger expression in the 2 μg/L TGF-β2 group than that in the PBS group and FBS group,with the strongest expression in 30 minutes through 2 hours.The untreated gel contracted (78.00±3.13)％ from its initial size,and contraction in the 1,2,5,10 μg/L TGF-β2 group were (63.88±1.78)％,(20.69±0.65)％,(19.49-±0.54)％,(16.24±0.84) ％,respectively,TGF-β2 increased HTFs contraction significantly (Fgroup =859.400,P =0.000).Conclusions TGF-β2 can induce transdifferentiation of Tenon fibroblast into myofibroblast and increase cell contractility,with a concentration-dependent and time-dependent pattern to an extent.It may be the mechanism of scar formation after glaucoma filter surgery.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of acupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) on electro-activity and mechanical motility at different phases of migrating motor complex (MMC) during jejunal digestion period in rats with detached jejunum, so as to explore the effect and mechanism of acupuncture on regulating intestinal movement.

METHODSSixteen adult SD rats were selected. Electrodes were implanted in the serous membrane of intestinal smooth muscl.e and high-sensitivity sensors of strain gauge were sutured on serosal surface, and then the rat was anesthetized and its jejunum was detached. Electro-acriviry and mechanical motility of jejunal smooth muscle were recorded simultaneously. Acupuncture was applied at "Tianshu" (ST 25) at MMC I , MMCII and MMC III, respectively, to observe its influence on electro-activity and mechanical motility.

RESULTSAt phase of MMC I, there was no obvious change of the fast wave before and after the acupuncture, while the frequency and amplitude of slow wave and mechanical motility were both significantly decreased compared with baseline (P < 0.01). At MMCII-Ill, the frequency and amplitude of fast wave, slow wave and motility were all significantly decreased compared with baseline (P < 0.01). Acupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) had prohibited effects on electro-activity and mechanical motility of jejunal smooth muscle in rats with detached jejunum.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) has obvious prohibited effects on electro-acrivity and mechanical motility at MMC I , MMC II and MMC III time phases in rats with detached jejunum. The possible mechanism is that acupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) could prohibit jejunum movement through reflex path of skin-sympathetic.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Digestion ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Jejunum ; chemistry ; physiology ; Male ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adolescent ; Cholesteatoma ; complications ; Ear, External ; abnormalities ; Ear, Middle ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Male ; Temporal Bone

Objective To study the role of hematopoietic growth factor(HGF)of placenta chorionic villus in fetal hematopoiesis during embryo ontogeny by observation of the appearance time and the content changes with the fetal growth, which was compared with HGF in cord blood. Methods Thirty embryo villus (2 g each) and 30 cord blood (2 mL each) were collected separately from early pregnant stage(6- 8 weeks), middle pregnant stage(16-22 weeks)and late pregnant stage (37-42 weeks). The levels of HGF were detected by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay. Results HGF were produced on the early pregnant stage and the content of FL-T3,IL-3 increased gradually.There were significantly differences at different stages(P

Phellinus linteus has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Asian countries and is known to have anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities. However, the protective effects of P. linteus against experimental asthma have not been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether P. linteus ethanol extract (PLE) suppresses inflammatory response in an OVA-induced asthma model. As expected, the oral administration of PLE significantly inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in OVA-challenged BALB/c mice. Supporting these data, the augmentation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), eotaxin, and adhesion molecules in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after OVA inhalation was markedly attenuated by PLE. Furthermore, PLE reduced OVA-induced activation of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK in lung tissues. Therefore, our results suggest the potential of P. linteus as a therapeutic agent for asthma.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Asthma* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cytokines ; Eosinophils ; Ethanol ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inhalation ; Interleukin-5 ; Lung ; Mice* ; NF-kappa B* ; Ovum ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases*

Sparassis crispa is an edible mushroom with various medicinal properties. Here we demonstrate the effect of Sparassis crispa on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and the underlying mechanism. To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Sparassis crispa ethanol extract (SCE), 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 5 groups. Group I is the normal control rats with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) pretreatment and olive oil treatment. Group II is the model group with an i.p. 0.5% CMC and 0.5 mL/kg CCl4 treatment. Group III and IV is the CCl4-administered rats pretreated with an i.p. 100 and 200 mg/kg SCE, respectively. Group V includes the silymarin group with an i.p. 50 mg/kg silymarin and CCl4 treatment. At 16 h after the CCl4 treatment, the levels of serum aminotransferases, TNF-alpha, and lipid peroxidation were substantially increased, whereas the activity of hepatic antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, was decreased. These changes were attenuated by SCE. The histological studies also showed that SCE inhibited the CCl4-induced liver injury. Furthermore, the contents of hepatic nitrite, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were elevated after CCl4 treatment, while the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression was suppressed. SCE treatment inhibited the formation of liver nitrite, reduced the over-expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, but restored the liver CYP2E1 content compared with the CCl4-treated model group. The present data elucidate that SCE protects the liver against CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, which might be due to its ability to restore the CYP2E1 function and suppress the inflammatory responses, in combination with its capacity to reduce oxidative stress.
Agaricales ; Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Carbon* ; Catalase ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Male ; Methylcellulose ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Olea ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silymarin ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Transaminases ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Olive Oil

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; Radiation Injuries

Fatty Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

A develop of medical discharger of oxygen is presented in the paper. The medical discharge can control, display and print the output data including the time, oxygen discharge the total time and the total oxygen discharge of two channels oxygen synchronously or respectively, Results show that the device is of reasonable design, accurate, measurement simple operation, low cost, real-time display, alarm and controlling the channels oxygen automatically and can print data if necessary. It will be widely used in clinic.
Data Display ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Oxygen ; analysis ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; instrumentation ; Weights and Measures ; instrumentation