AIM:Sodium aescinate can protect the vessel wall while clearing free radical in body.This study was designed to approach the protective effects of preconditioning with sodium aescinate on ischemia/reperfusion injury of the limbs induced by tourniquet.METHODS:Forty patients undergoing elective lower limb operation were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2006 to February 2007.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:20 in treated group received sodium aescinate(5 mg/100 mL) by intervenous drop infusion,while 20 cases in control group received equal dose of Sodium Chloride at 30 minutes before fastening tourniquet.Blood samples(4 mL) were obtained before fastening tourniquet and at 5,10,20 minutes after release of tourniquet to measure superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),lactic acid(Lac) and nitrogen monoxidum(NO).Meanwhile the blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in two groups.RESULTS:All of 40 patients were involved in the result analysis.①In the control group,diastolic blood pressure after 5 and 10 minutes of release was significantly less than that before(P

Objective To investigate the effects of preconditioning with extract of Ginkgo Biloba (EGB) on the tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury to the limb. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 17-64 yr weighing 46-72 kg undergoing lower limb operation under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20 each) : group A control and group B EGB. CSEA was performed at L2,3 or L3,4 interspace. The height of sensory block was kept below T10. Group B received EGB 0.3 mg/kg in 100 ml normal saline (NS) injected over 20 min via an intravenous line in the forearm as soon as the tourniquet was inflated while control group received plain NS 100 ml without EGB. Venous blood samples were obtained before tourniquet was inflated (To baseline) and at 5, 10, 20 min after tourniquet was released (T_1 , T_2, T_3) for measurement of blood lactate and MDA concentrations and SOD activity. BP (SP, DP) and HR were continuously monitored and recorded at the above time points. Results In control group DP and SOD activity were significantly decreased while blood lactate and MDA concentrations were significantly increased after tourniquet release as compared with the baseline values before tourniquet was inflated. In EGB group there was no significant change in DP, blood lactate and MDA concentrations and SOD activity after tourniquet was released as compared with the baseline. Conclusion Pretreatment with EGB can protect against tourniquet-induced I/R injury to the limb.

Serial cryostat sections of the celiac ganglion were prepared from 30 guinea pigs.The process of De Da Torre's glyoxylic acid method and different histochmical rea-ctions were performed consecutively on the same section.Under the conditions employ-ed in this experiment,it was shown that the SIF cells,in contrast to the principalneurons,exhibited a more intense reation of adenosine triphosphatase,and a lessintense reaction of monoamine oxidase,lactic dehydrogenase and nonspecific esterase,and a negative reaction of alkaline phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase.The acidphosphatase reaction of most of SIF cells was weak as demonstrated with both theGomori's lead method and the simultaneously coupling method.The SIF cells showedless lipids,nucleic acids and about the same content in tyrosin as compared with theprincipal neurons.These histochemical properties of SIF cells,as well as their morphological charac-teristics of grouping in clusters and surrounding blood vessels,implicated that theyfunction in a different way from that of principal neurons,and probably as endocrineand/or paracrine cells in modulating nervous transmission in the celiac ganglion.

Stereological methods were applied in the qantitative ultrastructural analysis of the chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla of normal adult guinea pigs.The main result includes:(1)The average volume(V)of each cell(714?m~3)and its nucleus (167?m~3);(2)volume density(Vv)of mitochondria(0.082?m~3/?m~3),lysosomes (0.0045?m~3/?m~3),rough-endoplasmic reticulium(0.013?m~3/?m~3),smooth-endopas- mic reticulium including Golgi apparatus(0.024?m~3/?m~3)and granule vesicles (0.23?m~3/?m~3);(3)surface density(Sv)of cell membrane(0.87/?m~2/?m~3)and mitochondrial outer membrane(0.90?m~2/?m~3);(4)numerical density(Nv)of mitochondria(0.89/?m~3),lysosomes(0.11/?m~3)and granule vesicles(59.98/?m~3); (5)the mean diameter of granule vesicles(144 nm),In addition,several small- granule chromaffin cells were quantified separately from the general chromaffin cells.They contain granule vesicles with an average diameter of 97 nm and show a significant difference in surface density of cell membrane(1.54?m~2/?m~3)from that relevant value of general chromaffin cells(P

Objective To evaluate the influence and mechanism of different cardiac pacing modes on TCM syndrome manifestations and hemodynamics of sick sinus syndrome(SSS).Methods The 75 SSS patients were detected syndrome manifestation scores and hemodynamic parameters before operations and 1 month after pacing to compare the differences among the different cardiac pacing modes.Results After operations,the syndrome manifestation scores were all decreased(P

OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical efficacy of drug intervention on hypogonadotropic amenorrhea-induced infertili-ty. METHODS:33 patients with hypogonadotropic amenorrhea-induced infertility were included in study,and then received artifi-cial menstrual cycle+HMG+HCG. Therapeutic efficacy was observed. RESULTS:33 patients were included in the study,involving a total of 35 ovulation induction cycles. After treatment,there were 19 cases of pregnancy,5 cases of follicular development(more than 3 mature follicle,giving up HCG treatment and pregnancy plan),6 cases of follicular development(pregnancy failure)and 3 case of follicular development failure. CONCLUSIONS:Exogenous gonadotropin obtain relatively good results in the treatment of hypogonadotropic amenorrhea-induced infertility;but we must pay attention to drug dose so as not to affect the quality of folliculus.

The celiac ganglia from 9 mature guinea pigs of both sexes were fixed in a mixture of 2％ glutaraldehyde and 2.5％ depolymerized paraformaldehyde. The SIF cells in cryostat sections were discerned out through their eatecholamine fluorescence induced by the fixative. These cells were processed through routine procedures for electron microscopy after or without incubation for acid phosphatase (AcP). The ultrastructure and AcP activity of these cells were observed under an H-600 electron microscope.The SIF cells were found to be present in clusters adjecent to fenestrated capillaries. The exocytosis of vesicular granules of SIF cells were seen on the surface of their cell membrane facing the capillaries. In addition, some dark SIF cells which were more osmiophilic and rich in mitochondria were discovered in this ganglion. These ultrastructural features of the SIF cells indicate that they may perform functions of an endocrine and/or paracrine nature.After one. hour incubation in a Gomori-typed medium at 37℃, some granules. besides the typical lysosomes display the AcP activity. Although the nature of the AcP-positive granules hasn't been elucidated a speculation is laid on that the presence of the enzyme on these granules may play a role of regulation in replacing the intragranular contents.

Monoamine oxidase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activities were demonstrated ultracytochemically in the celiac ganglion and adrenal medulla of the guinea pig by Shannon's and Novikoff's method respectively. Monoamine oxidase activity was found frequently on the nuclear evelope, and ocassionally in mitochondrial outer compartment and cell membrane of the small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells of the ganglion. Similar Iocalizations were also observed in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. In pricipal neurons of the ganglion, a large amount of products of the monoamine oxidase reaction were found on the endoplasmic reticulium in addition to the nuclear envelope and mitochondrial membranes. Abundant thiaminepyrophosphatase activity was seen at the tran-face of the Golgi complex in the pricipal neurons, in contrast to which, both SIF cells and chromaffin cells exhibited little thiamine pyrophosphatase activity. The results suggested that catecholamine metabolism and the mode of functional activity in the SIF cells were different from those in the pricipal neurons but similar to those in the chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla.

AIM: To investingate the variety of the function of vascular endothelium in the patients with hypertensive nephropathy and the effect of Huayu Qinli Granule on (Hirudo,Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae,Herba Leonuri,etc.) it. METHODS: This was a prospective,comparative and single-blind clinical trial.Patients in accord with the diagnosis and TCM differentiation standard were randomly divided into treatment group,united treatment group,blank control group and positive control group.Before the beginning of the trial,all patients were treated by Felodipine to lower their blood pressure to desired value.When the trial began,blank control group were treated only by Felodipine, positive control group were treated by general hypertension pills+captopril,treatment group were treated by Felodipine+Huayu Qinli Granule,united treatment group were treated by Felodipine+Huayu Qinli Granule+captopril.The course of study was for 4 weeks.The levels of urinary microalbumine(ALB),urinary ?_1-microglobulin(?_1-mg),urinary?_2-microglobulin(?_2-mg),serum nitric oxide and plasma endothelin were measured before and after the trial. RESULTS: The results showed both Huayu Qinli Granule and ACEI improved the levels of serum nitric oxide but there was slightly advantage over ACEI;both Huayu Qinli Granule and ACEI improved the levels of plasma endothelin,the improvement of Huayu Qinli Granule was(equal) to ACEI;united treatment group had the remarkable effect on serum nitric oxide and plasma endothelin. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Huayu Qinli Granule improves the function of vascular endothelium in the patients with hypertensive nephropathy to a certain extent with the sufficiency of the treatment of depressing blood pressure.The effect of Huayu Qinli Granule is similar to that of ACEI.They cooperate with each other but mechanism of them may be different.

Objective: To analyze and evaluate of the long-term follow-up data of 152 patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction who underwent percutaneous placement of metallic stents. Me-thods: From 2000 through 2006, 152 consecutive patients with malignant biliary obstruction were treated with PTCD or placement of metallic stents. The causes of obstruction were bile duct carcinoma (n=35),pancreatic carcinoma (n=32), hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic (n=61), lymphadenopathy in the hepatoduodenal ligament (n=24). We used 86 stents: 31 Cook Zilver Stents,25 Sinus Superflex Stents,12 Wall Stents,3 Sinus-s Iliaca Stents,3 ZA-S Bliary Design Stents,5 Smart Stents and 7 other stents. Every three months we followed up all patients except those who died. Patient survival and stent patency rates were estimated by life-table analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank test) was used to compare the patency and survival rates among different groups. And the COX regression model was established to compare the relative risks. Results: The overall median length of patency of all stents was 314 days. The median length of survival for the entire patient group was 215 days. The survival rate was 79.1%,51.7% and 26.8% after 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. Six patients developed recurrent jaundice or cholangitis. The patients with hepatic hilar obstruction group indicated worse prognosis (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Metallic stents showed a favorable patency rate with regard to patient survival. In patients with hilar obstruction, the clinical prognosis was worse than that in patients with common bile duct (CBD) obstruction. We believe that the placement of metallic stents is the procedure of choice for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction.