The variation of blood glucose in 1 147 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was monitored by continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS). The results showed that the peak hours of nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred during 22 : 00-2 : 00. The incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was negatively correlated with mean blood glucose and blood glucose at three hours after supper. The probability of hypoglycemia was up to 50% when blood glucose level had been as low as 4. 7 mmol/L at 3 h after supper.

Photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) is a new technique to diagnose and treat diseases with photodynamic effect produced by photosensitizer and light, and is now a main method of treating exudative age - related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . ln recent years, with the development of science and technology, combinations of PDT have become a research hot spot. ln this paper, we reviewed the research status of treatments on exudative AMD with PDT combined anti-VEGF drugs.

Objective To investigate and analyze the clinical and imageological features of skull base erosion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma( NPC). Methods 67 NPC patients proved by pathology were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent both CT and MRI plain plus enhancement scan. Scan slices were performed from oral pharynx (lower border of second cervical vertebra) to suprasellar cistern by axial CT scans and axial, sagittal and coronal MRI scans. Results (1) 52 patients with skull base erosion were found with MRI, and only 35 patients with CT. The following structures and figures were difined with CT and MRI respectively: pterygoid plates 8,14; clivus 22,25 ; petrous apex 25 ,28 ; sphenoid body or sinus 19,25; sphenoid wing 9, 12; cavernous sinus 14,17. The display difference between CT and MRI had statistical significance ( x2= 9. 47 , P = 0. 02). (2) CT- defined skull base erosion was most bone destruction , however, not only bone destruction but also tumor crossing skull base structure could be defined by MRI. (3) The incidence of headache was 82.7% (43/52) , cranial nerve palsy was 67. 3% (35/52) , both headache and cranial nerve palsy was 57. 7% (30/52). Conclusion Headache and cranial nerve palsy are primary characteristics of the skull base erosion in NPC. MRI is superior to CT in defining both bone erosion and brain tissue abnormality.

This paper reported a new type of amylase (neoamylase) secreted by a Bacillus strain ZX99. The enzyme was a kind of ectoenzyme that could catalyze starch into isomalto-oligosaccharide effectively, but could not act on pullulan as substrate. The strain Bacillus ZX99 was mutated by ultraviolet ray and a mutant strain BS3.232 was screened. The activity of the neoamylase produced from BS3.232 increased by 60% over that from ZX99 under the same conditions. The results of thin-layer chromatography of products from starch and pullulan catalyzed by the enzyme demonstrated that the enzyme was different from neopullulanase and can be used to produce isomaltooligosaccharide from starch, including isomaltose, panose, isomaltotriose, isomaltotetose.

OBJECTIVETo explore the intervention of Huayu Qutan Recipe (HQR) on liver SREBP-2 signal pathway of hyperlipidemia rats of Pi deficiency syndrome (PDS).

METHODSTotally 100 SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, the hyperlipidemia group, the hyperlipidemia treatment group, the PDS hyperlipidemia group, and the PDS hyperlipidemia treatment group, 20 in each group. Common granular forage was fed to rats in the blank control group. High fat forage was fed to rats in the hyperlipidemia group and the hyperlipidemia treatment group. Rats in the PDS hyperlipidemia group and the PDS hyperlipidemia treatment group were treated with excessive labor and improper diet for modeling. They were administered refined lard by gastrogavage (3 mL each time, twice per day) and fed with high fat forage on the odd days, and fed with wild cabbage freely on even days. The modeling lasted for 30 days. Rats in the hyperlipidemia treatment group and PDS hyperlipidemia treatment group were administered with Huayu Qutan Recipe (20 mL/kg) by gastrogavage, once a day, for 30 successive days. Levels of serum cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and serum amylase (AMY) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. D-xylose excretion rate was determined using phloroglucinol method. Morphological changes of liver and the lipid deposition in liver were observed using HE stain and oil red O stain respectively, mRNA and protein expression levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1 (CYP7A1), LDL-R, and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) were detected using real time RT-PCR and Western blotting.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, serum levels of TC (1.84 ± 0.19 mmol/L, 2.23 ± 0.43 mmol/L) and LDL-C (0.99 ± 0.24 mmol/L, 1.13 ± 0.56 mmol/L) were higher in the hyperlipidemia group and the PDS hyperlipidemia group, serum levels of HDL-C (0.41 ± 0.66 mmol/L, 0.41 ± 0.11 mmol/L) and AMY activities (351 ± 45 mmol/L, 153 ± 30 mmol/L) were lower, and urinary D-xylose excretion rates were lower (26.9 ± 2.1 ng/mL, 15.0 ± 1.7 ng/mL) (all P < 0.05). Lipid deposition occurred in liver cells. Much fat vacuoles occurred in the cytoplasm. Expression levels of HMGCR, CYP7A1, LDL-R, and SREBP-2 mRNA and proteins in liver significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the hyperlipidemia group, serum levels of TC and LDL-C significantly increased (P < 0. 05), AMY activities and urinary D-xylose excre- tion rates significantly decreased in the PDS hyperlipidemia group (P < 0.01). A large amount of lipid deposition occurred in liver. The atrophy of liver cells was obviously seen. Expression levels of CYP7A1, LDL-R, and SREBP-2 mRNA and proteins in liver were significantly lower (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Serum levels of TC and LDL-C significantly decreased (P < 0.05), AMY activities and urinary D-xylose excretion rates significantly increased in the hyperlipidemia treatment group (P < 0.01). Expression levels of CYP7A1, LDL-R, and SREBP-2 mRNA and proteins in liver were significantly increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the PDS hyperlipidemia group, serum level of TC significantly decreased (P < 0.05), HDL-C levels, AMY activities and urinary D-xylose excretion rates significantly increased in the PDS hyperlipidemia treatment group (P < 0.01),expression levels of CYP7A1, LDL-R, and SREBP-2 mRNA and proteins in liver were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Similar changes occurred in the two treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONSPi deficiency exacerbates abnormal serum TC level and the lipid deposition in liver. These might be related to regulating expression levels of LDL-R, HMGCR, and CYP7A1 genes in the SREBP-2 signal pathway. HQR could regulate this pathway to intervene abnormal metabolism of TC.

Animals ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; Liver ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Triglycerides

Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Peliosis Hepatis

Objective To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR?)in lupus nephritis(LN)patients and the possible mechanisms of PPAR?in the pathogenesis of LN. Method PPAR?expression was examined in 21 LN patients and 5 normal kidney biopsy specimens by im- munohistochemical method.The relationship between PPAR?expression and renal pathologic changes was an- alyzed.Results Glomerular and tubular positive staining of PPAR?in LN patients was markedly up-regulated compared with that in normal kidney specimens.The distribution and expression of PPAR?in classⅣwas sig- nificantly increased compared with that in classⅤandⅡ.The relevance assay showed that there was positive relationship between active index and glomerular PPAR?immunohistochemistry staining cell numbers(r=0.94, P＜0.01 ).Conclusion This study demonstrates in vivo that PPAR?expression is increased in active LN pa- tients with pathological active inflammation.These data suggest that the increase of PPAR?expression in renal cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LN.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics ofposttraumatic epilepsy, the correlation between epileptogenic foci and encephalomalacia, and the therapeutic effects of surgical intervention. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed among 13 patients with refractory post-traumatic epilepsy who received surgical intervention between February, 2003 and April, 2006. Results The first seizure attack occurred 0.5-13 years (mean 5.3 years) after craniocerebral injury in these patients. The epileptogenic loci were located around the encephalomalacia (ranging from 2 to 7 cm) in 8 patients, in the temporal lobe in 5 patients, in the medial temporal lobe in 4 patients (3 of whom sustained the injuries at 1.5-5 years of age with hippocampal glial proliferation shown by postoperative pathological examination), and in the neocortex of the temporal lobe in 1 case. All the patients underwent the operations under close monitoring of the cortical electroencephalogram, and 4 also received cranioplasty. The total effective rate of the surgery was 92.3% with an excellent outcome rate of 84.6% in the follow-up for 2-5 years. Conclusion The epileptogenic loci of posttraumatic epilpsy are usually adjacent to the encephalomalacia, and hippocampal sclerosis can be likely in patients with severe cerebral injury below 5 years of age. gefractory posttraumatic epilepsy often has favorable surgical outcome, and prompt surgery is suggested after the diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSC), and explore whether they could enhance hematopoiesis recovery in vivo as well as facilitate proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in vitro.

METHODSMultipotential stem cells from the murine dermal mesenchyme were dissociated and cultured as donor cells. After 2 approximately 3 passages, the growth status, cell cycle, immunophenotype and morphology of DMSC were analyzed. Hematopoietic cells were plated onto a feeder layer formed by DMSC, cell count and CFU-GM yields were observed dynamically. Female mice received 5 Gy (137)Cs radiation were injected with DMSC cultured for 2 - 3 passages via tail vein. Cell count and CFU-GM yields of the bone marrow were observed regularly. Pathological study of the liver, spleen and bone marrow was done to evaluate hematopoiesis recovery.

RESULTSMurine DMSC are adherent cells with a morphology of fibroblastoid and spindle and multiangle in shape. Immunophenotypes showed that CD(45), CD(34), HL-DR positive DMSC were 1 - 3%, CD(44) and CD(13) positive DMSC 75 approximately 95%. Cell cycle assay demonstrated 83% of DMSC being G(0)/G(1) phase. In vitro, the total cell count and CFU-GM yields in the experimental group were higher than those of the long-term culture bone marrow cells by the third week. The DMSC can sufficiently support the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells for seven weeks. In vivo, peripheral granulocytic count, cells in the bone marrow of one femoral bone and CFU-GM by the third week in the experimental group were much higher than those of controls. Genetic assay of the murine blood demonstrated Y chromosome.

CONCLUSIONThe DMSC have characteristics of stem cells. DMSC sped up hematopoiesis recovery of irradiated mice. DMSC as a feeder layer can support proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; Immunophenotyping ; Male ; Mesoderm ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Skin ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the hematopoietic reconstitution potential of mesenchymal derived stem like cells.

METHODSWe transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal derived stem like cells into lethally irradiated BALB/c mice. Hematopoietic cells were derived from the non-adherent bone marrow cells 24 hours after initial culture while murine mesenchymal derived stem like cells from bone marrow of donor mice were cultured for 10 days before the transplantation.

RESULTSAll mice of group 1 and 3 died in 7-8 days post irradiation following transplantation, while all the mice from group 2 and 4 survived. The time course of hematopoietic reconstitution was then observed. The peripheral blood and bone marrow cell count recovered in the MSC + G-CSF transplanted group and the BM transplanted group after 3 weeks. Interestingly, CFU-GM number in the MSC + G-CSF transplanted group increased significantly after 2 weeks and even more than that in the BM transplanted group after 3 weeks while as CFU-GM colony dropped 2 weeks after in the BM transplanted group. Spleen colony (CFU-S) number and size of the MSC + G-CSF transplanted group was significantly greater than the BM transplanted group. Furthermore, PCR analysis was performed using peripheral blood cells to determine if any male-derived cells were present. No male-derived cells were found in any of the mice from group 1 and 3. Y-chromosome-specific src gene was found to be dominant in the MSC + G-CSF transplanted group and the BM transplanted group by week 4 post transplantation. In addition, we demonstrated that induction with G-CSF lead to CFU-GM colony formation from MSC compartment in vitro.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that under stimulation of G-CSF, mesenchymal derived stem like cells might differentiate into hematopoietic primitive stem cells in vivo and have the capacity to re-establish hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice. This study should provide an alternative transplantation treatment for malignancy.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Whole-Body Irradiation