Aged ; Female ; Histiocytic Sarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Skin ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

AIM:To investigate the effects of 1.8mm coaxial micro incision phacoemulsification on corneal endothelial injury and postoperative visual acuity.METHODS: Totally 145 eyes in 120 patients underwent phacoemulsification from July 2013 to July 2015 were randomly divided into observation group 60 cases (73 eyes) and control group 60 cases (72 eyes).The observation group 60 cases were given 1.8mm coaxial micro incision cataract phacoemulsification operation,while the control group were given traditional 3.2mm coaxial micro incision cataract surgery.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),corneal thickness of incision area,incision width,incision length,macular retinal thickness,surgically induced astigmatism,corneal endothelial cell counts and complications of the two groups were compared.RESULTS: The UCVA and BCVA on 1wk after surgery of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group (t=3.604,7.109;P<0.05);the width of incision on 1wk and 1mo after surgery of the observation group were significantly less than the control group (t=205.3,225.2;P<0.05).The length of incision in observation group was significantly greater than the control group (t=3.926,5.009;P<0.05).Macular retinal thickness 1wk after surgery of the observation group was significantly less than the control group (t=2.817,P<0.05).The surgically induced astigmatism was significantly less than the control group (t=19.43,22.16;P<0.01);the difference of corneal edema between the two groups was not significant (8.22% vs 11.11%) (x2=0.348,P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The 1.8mm micro incision phacoemulsification is helpful to improve the visual acuity of patients with cataract phacoemulsification,which may be related to the reduction of corneal cell injury,enhancement of corneal closure and decrease post-operation corneal original astigmatism.

A new flavonoid glycoside, (-)-2S-8-methyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with five known ones, quercetin-3-O-(2"-galloyl)-α-L-arabinoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside (3), guaijaverin (4), trifolin (5) and hyperin (6), was isolated from the leaves of Eucalyptus robusta. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, CD spectra data and physicochemical methods. In addition, 2-6 were isolated from E. robusta for the first time.
Eucalyptus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR?)in lupus nephritis(LN)patients and the possible mechanisms of PPAR?in the pathogenesis of LN. Method PPAR?expression was examined in 21 LN patients and 5 normal kidney biopsy specimens by im- munohistochemical method.The relationship between PPAR?expression and renal pathologic changes was an- alyzed.Results Glomerular and tubular positive staining of PPAR?in LN patients was markedly up-regulated compared with that in normal kidney specimens.The distribution and expression of PPAR?in classⅣwas sig- nificantly increased compared with that in classⅤandⅡ.The relevance assay showed that there was positive relationship between active index and glomerular PPAR?immunohistochemistry staining cell numbers(r=0.94, P＜0.01 ).Conclusion This study demonstrates in vivo that PPAR?expression is increased in active LN pa- tients with pathological active inflammation.These data suggest that the increase of PPAR?expression in renal cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LN.

Objective To study the effect of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ1-42) on expressions of synaptophysin (Syn), dynamin Ⅰ (Dyn Ⅰ) and adaptor protein 180 (AP180) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Methods Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2 and 5 μmol/L Aβ1-42, and control cells were given no treatment. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2- yl) - 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]reduction of the cells was measured by spectrophotometry. The protein levels of Syn, Dyn Ⅰ and AP180 in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 0.5 and 1 μmol/L Aβ1-42 were surveyed by Western blotting. The mRNA levels of Syn, Dyn Ⅰ and AP180 were detected by Real-time PCR in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 1 μmol/L Aβ1-42. Results SH-SY5Y cells showed obviously decreased reduction rates of MTT after exposure to Aβ1-42(0.1 μmol/L) as compared with the controls (P＜0.05), and dose-dependent negative correlation was noted in these SH-SY5Y cells. The protein level of Dyn Ⅰ in cells treated with 0.5 μmol/L Aβ1-42 was significantly decreased as compared with that in controls (P＜0.05). The protein and mRNA levels of Syn and Dyn Ⅰ in cells treated with 1 μ mol/L Aβ1-42 Were obviously decreased as compared with those in controls (P＜0.05), but the levels of AP180 were not changed. Conclusion Aβ1-42 reduces the levels of Syn and Dyn Ⅰ in SH-SY5Y cells, which might be a mechanism in eonnection with cognitive deficit of AD.

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 mRNA expressions in endotoxemia-induced rat diaphragm injury and analyze the related apoptosis mechanism.

METHODSThirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): control group (saline 0.5 ml ip), endotoxin 24 h, 48 h and 96 h group (endotoxin 12 mg/kg ip, animals were killed either 24, 48 or 96 h after injections). Body weight were measured, the ratio between diaphragm weight and body weight, activities of constitutive nitric oxide syntheses (cNOS), iNOS and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were also measured. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR analysis.

RESULTSEndotoxin induced significant reductions in diaphragm mass in endotoxin 96 h group (P < 0.05). Endotoxin increased diaphragm cNOS or iNOS activities, and they were significantly higher in endotoxin 96 h group than those in endotoxin 24 h and 48 h groups, diaphragm SDH activity was reduced, and it was lower in endotoxin 96 h group than that in endotoxin 24 h and 48 h groups (P < 0.01). Endotoxin significantly increased Bax and caspase-3 mRNA expressions, and they were higher in endotoxin 48 h and 96 h groups than those in endotoxin 24 h group (P < 0.01). Endotoxin significantly reduced Bcl-2 mRNA expression and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and they were lower in endotoxin 48 h and 96 h groups than those in endotoxin 24 h group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONiNOS is activated in endotoxemia-induced rat diaphragm injury. It damages mitochondria, upregulates Bax expression and downregulates Bcl-2 expression, then induces caspase-3 related apoptotic pathway. These changes may cause diaphragm injury and atrophy.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Diaphragm ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Endotoxemia ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDDifferent strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have distinct effects on the immune system. The aim of this research was to investigate changes in the immunological function after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in HCC patients.

METHODSA total of 51 consecutive HCC treatment-naïe patients was enrolled in this study and 20 healthy subjects served as controls. The therapeutic strategy was selected according to the tumor stage and general conditions. TACE was performed in 25 cases, TACE plus RFA in 17 and RFA in nine. All the patients underwent routine examinations and peripheral blood was harvested for the detection of lymphocyte subset by flow cytometry 1 day before, and 2 and 4 weeks after the treatment. The serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ALT and AST were also measured before and 4 weeks after treatment for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and liver function impairment.

RESULTSWhen compared with healthy controls, the CD4/CD8 ratio and the number of B cells and natural killer (NK) cells were significantly decreased in HCC patients before treatment (P < 0.05). When compared with before treatment, the CD4+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratio decreased but CD8+ cells increased in the TACE group (P < 0.05); the CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cells decreased but CD8+ cells increased in the TACE-RFA group (P < 0.05); the CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cells increased in the RFA group (P < 0.05). Significant differences in the CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD4/CD8 ratio and NK cells were observed among groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the AFP level decreased and transaminase level increased in all groups (P < 0.05). Differences of pre and post treatment between groups were statistically significant (P = 0.016, 0.025, 0.018 respectively).

CONCLUSIONSImmunity was compromised in HCC patients; TACE and TACE plus RFA lowered immunologic function to a certain extent. RFA improved it accompanied by a protective effect on liver function.

Adult ; Aged ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; immunology ; therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Liver Neoplasms ; immunology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo observe the central nervous system symptoms and alterations in the blood indicators in rats within a short term after benzene poisoning.

METHODTwenty-four female SD rats were randomized into 4 equal groups to receive intraperitoneal injection of low-, medium- or high-dose benzene (39.05, 78.11, and 234.33 mg/kg, respectively) or peanut oil. Blood samples were taken from the rats via the femoral artery 24 h after the injections for routine blood test and liver and kidney function test.

RESULTSIntraperitoneal injection of benzene at a high dose, but not at a low or medium dose, caused obvious symptoms in the central nervous system. Benzene either at a low or medium dose did not produce obvious changes in routine blood test or liver and kidney function test as compared with the control group, but a high dose resulted in significant changes in WBC, PLT, ALT and AST (P<0.05). Abnormalities in the renal function were found in none of the groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONExposure to high-dose benzene can result in abnormalities in the central nervous system, routine blood indicators and liver function, but does not obviously affect the kidney function in rats.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Benzene ; toxicity ; Blood Cell Count ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; Female ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The membrane of sodium cellulose sulphate ( NaCS)-poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) microcapsule is compact and has low molecular weight cut-off, which would delay the mass transfer and affect the cell growth immobilized in the capsule. Macroporous NaCS-PDMDAAC microcapsules were prepared using the degradation of the starch by amylase in the membrane of the capsules. The pore size and the permeability in the membrane were improved obviously. As model cells, the Candida krusei CK1 and E. coli EC1 immobilized in the capsules were cultured in the shake flask and bubble column respectively. It was shown that the cell density immobilized in the microcapsules cultured in the bubble column was higher than that cultured in the shaking flask. It implied that the limiting factor of the cell growth in the capsule lied in the diffusion of the oxygen. Since the rate of the oxygen transporting across the membrane was greatly enhanced due to the enlarged pore size, the maximum cell density in the macroporous capsules was 20%-110% over than that in the standard capsules in the bubble column. However, the extent of E. coli cell density increasing was higher than that of the yeast, which may be due to the difference of the oxygen requirement between the two microbes.
Amylases ; metabolism ; Bioreactors ; Candida ; growth & development ; Capsules ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cells, Immobilized ; Cellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Escherichia coli ; growth & development ; Membranes, Artificial ; Polyethylenes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Sodium ; Surface Properties ; Temperature ; Time Factors