Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of nucleic acid amplification (TB- RNA),bacteriophage-based assay,3D culture and smear on the detection of Mycobacteria tuberculosis.Methods 291 clinical sample including 110 sputum,54 thoracic fluid,37 throat swab,31 bronchial fluid,13 cerebrospinal fluid,12 urine,8 lymph fluid and 20 others (pericardial effusion,feces, blood and abdominal fluid) and gynecological specimen (including 6 leucorrhoea and menstrual blood) were analyzed by these four methods.Results Among the 291 clinical samples,the positive rate of mycobacteria tuberculosis for TB-RNA,bacteriophage-based assay,3D culture and smear were 37.1%,28.9%,27.5% and 10.3%.The sensitivity and specificity of the TB-RNA,bacteriophage-based assay,3D culture and smear were 54.3% & 100%,41.7% & 88.9%,31.7% & 93.5% and 14.6% & 98.9%,respectively.Conclusions TB-RNA is an effective clinical diagnostic method for Mycobacteria tuberculosis.Although the sensitivity of smear is poorer than others,it is a universal testing method in clinical laboratory due to low cost.The positive rate of mycobacteria tuberculosis for 3D culture is lower than that of bacteriophage-based assay and TB-RNA.Although the time to result for 3D culture might last for few weeks,the isolates can be used for drug resistance screening and bacterial identification.

Objective To evaluate multisliee CT in the diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation. Methods Eighty-three consecutive patients who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) presented with clinical or biochemical signs of biliary complications and underwent contrast-enhancement CT examination. Three experienced radiologists, who were blinded to patient's clinical data, assessed CT images for the detection of biliary complications in consensus. Diagnostic confirmation of biliary complications was obtained with direct cholangiography in 69 patients, histologie study in 11 patients and hepatieojejunostomy in 3 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT for the detection of biliary complications were calculated. In addition, CT features of anastomotie biliary stricture (ABS) were compared with those of non-anastomotie biliary stricture (NABS) using x2 test. Results A total of 62 biliary complications (74. 7% ) was eventually confirmed in the 83 patients, including ABS in 32 patients, NABS in 21 patients, biliary duct stones in 16 patients (of which 12 patients with biliary stricture), anastomotie bile leakage in 5 patients, biloma in 4 patients with biliary stricture, and biliogenic abscess in 2 patients with biliary stricture. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT for the detection of biliary stricture were 90. 6%、86. 7%、89. 2%、92. 3% and 83.9% , respectively. Other biliary complications, including biliary duct stones ( 16 cases) , anastomotic bile leak (5 cases) , biloma (4 cases), and biliogenic abscess (2 cases), were correctly diagnosed by CT; there was no false-positive or false-negative result. The incidence of irregular dilatation of bile duct was 71.4% ( 15/21 ), which was significantly higher in NABS cases than in ABS of 25.0% (8/32,P <0. 01 ) ; whereas the incidence of extrahepatie biliary dilatation was 33.3% (7/21) and regular dilatation was 14. 3% (3/21), which was significantly lower in NABS cases than in ABS of 84. 4% ( 27/32 ) and 68. 8% ( 22/32 ), respectively ( P < 0. 01 ). Of 21 patients with NABS, 66. 7% (14/21)complicated with hepatic artery stenosis or thrombosis, which was markedly more than that of NABS cases (15. 6%, 5/32,P <0. 01 ). Conclusions Multislice CT is a useful imaging procedure in the detection of biliary complications after liver transplantation, and biliary stricture can be primitively classified into ABS and NABS by CT. Hepatic artery ischemia is an important factor that causes NABS.

Objective:To delineate the G-banding-sug gested chromosome translocations by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH ) technique. Methods: Locus-specific probes, generated by degen erate oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR) technique from yeast artificial chr omosomes (YACs) mapping the regions in question, were used for FISH tests. Results: Among the 2 cases unresolved by G-banding, FISH confirm ed that one had a balanced translocation between chromosome 11 and chromosome 13 , the other had an unbalanced translocation between chromosome 6 and chromosome X.Conclusion: Because of its high sensitivity and specificity, FISH technique is a powerful adjunct to chromosome banding techniques, particula rly for the delineation of subtle chromosome rearrangement(s) and the origin of segment(s).

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible association between the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene (GCLC) C-129T and modifier subunit gene (GCLM) G-23T polymorphisms with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese population.

METHODSGCLC C-129T and GCLM G-23T genotypes were determined in 212 CHD patients and 218 healthy individuals using a PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Odds ratio (OR) for CHD and 95% confidence interval (CI) from unconditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate relative risks.

RESULTSThe T allele of the GCLC C-129T polymorphism was more frequently found in CHD cases than in controls (P < 0.01) and individuals with GCLC-129T allele had a significantly higher risk for CHD (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.25 - 4.54) as compared to individuals with the -129C allele. When compared with CC homozygote, CT heterozygote had a 2.14-fold higher risk for CHD (95% CI: 1.08 - 4.24, P < 0.05) and carriers of the-129T allele (CT or TT genotype) also had a similarly 2.28-fold higher risk for CHD (95% CI: 1.16 - 4.49, P < 0.05). In contrast, the frequency of T allele of the GCLM G-23T polymorphism was lower in CHD patients than that of controls (0.174 vs. 0.264) and individuals with the GCLM-23T allele had a significantly lower risk for CHD (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42 - 0.82, P < 0.01) as compared to the -23G allele. When compared with GG homozygote, the OR of CHD for GT heterozygote was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.47 - 1.08, P > 0.05), for TT homozygote was 0.18 (95% CI: 0.06 - 0.55, P < 0.01), and for carriers of the -23T allele (GT or TT genotype) was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.42 - 0.92, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe GCLC C-129T polymorphism may be one of the genetic risk factor while the GCLM G-23T polymorphism may be one of the genetic protective factors for CHD in this Chinese population.

Aged ; Alleles ; Coronary Disease ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the distribution of mononucleotide polymorphism of five regulation regions of alpha-IFN among HLA-DRB1*11 gene episodes and the therapeutic effects of alpha-IFN treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients.

METHODSOne hundred seven chronic hepatitis patients from Nanjing Second Hospital who were treated by alpha-IFN for 12 months and then followed at least six months without the treatment were randomly selected for this regressive analysis. They were grouped into a continuous responsive group and a non-continuous responsive group. Hepatitis B virus X interacting protein gene locus was searched in NCBI. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) gene locus was detected based on a pooling sequencing method. Primer and TaqMan-MGB probes referring to different mononucleotide loci were designed respectively to detect SNP in five regulation regions of alpha-IFN. Then gene sequencing differences between the two groups were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 107 cases there were 30 cases (28.0%) in the continuous responsive group and 77 cases (71.9%) in the non-continuous responsive group. CT occupation rate in five regulation regions of IFN reached 18.0% in the continuous responsive group and 23.8% in the non-continuous responsive group. AG occupation rate reached 10.8% in the former group and 15.8% in the latter group. The differences in CT and AG between the two groups were significant.

CONCLUSIONSThe distribution of mononucleotide polymorphism of five regulation regions of alpha-IFN among HLA-DRB1*11 gene episodes affects the IFN anti-virus treatment. Detecting the gene distribution of mononucleotide in five regulation regions of alpha-IFN helps in predicting the therapeutic effects of alpha-IFN.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; Genotype ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Regression Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Hepatic venous outflow obstruction is a severe complication after liver transplantation, often occurs after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In this article, the clinical and imaging data of two patients with hepatic venous outflow obstruction after LDLT were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literatures were reviewed to explore the diagnosis and the interventional therapy of this complication. Hepatic venous outflow obstruction can be confirmed with percutaneous transhepatic venography. Percutaneous interventional managements, including balloon angioplasty and stent implantation are safe, easy and effective for the treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (A-A LDLT).

Objective To explore the approach and early effects of endovascular stent-graft deployment in the treatment of portal stenosis of cancerous thrombus.Methods Six cases with portal vein stenosis of cancerous thrombus,which caused by primary hepatic carcinoma(5 cases)and eholangiocarcinoma(1 case)and the severity of stenosis showed on contrast enhanced CT were more than 75% or occluded,were performed percutaneous transhepatie or transsplenic portography.FLUENCY~(TM) endovascular stent-graft(10 mm diameter)was placed at the position of stenosis after gastroesophageal varices embolization.Portal pressure was measured pre-and post-deployment.Results Stents were successfully placed in all patients.The average portal pressure decreased from 50.7 cm H_2O(1 cm H_2O = 0.098 kPa)to 41.3 cm H_2O after endovascular stent-graft deployment.The restenosis were found in 2 cases after one month.Haematemesis and refractory aseites appeared in one case respectively,the other 4 cases showed no significant symptoms above caused by portal hypertension.Conclusion It is safe and feasible for endovaseular stent-graft deployment in the treatment of portal stenosis of cancerous thrombus.Selecting the suitable indications,the symptoms of portal hypertension can be controlled effectively.

OBJECTIVETo establish a novel approach for quick and high throughput verification of human gene imprinting.

METHODSBy use of a pair of dye-labeled probes, 5' nuclease assay was combined with reverse transcriptase-PCR(RT-PCR) to genotype a coding single nucleotide polymorphism (cSNP), rs705(C/T) of a known imprinted gene, small nuclear ribonucleotide protein N (SNRPN), on both genomic DNA and cDNA of human lymphoblast cell lines.

RESULTSAllele discrimination showed a clear monoallelic expression pattern of SNRPN, which was confirmed by RT-PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Pedigree analysis verified the paternal origin of expressed allele, which is in consistency with previous report.

CONCLUSIONCoding SNP is an ideal marker for detecting gene imprinting by 5' nuclease assay. This approach has also a potentiality to discover differential allele expression of non-imprinted genes in order to find gene cis-acting functional polymorphism.

Alleles ; Biomarkers ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; DNA ; Endonucleases ; metabolism ; Genetic Techniques ; Genomic Imprinting ; genetics ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

Objective To study the safety and effect of interventional treatment for arteriesclerotic obliterations of iliaco-fermoral artery via radial artery retrospectively.Methods Sixteen cages were treated with interventional procedare via radial artery.The duration of disease was from 3 days to 2 years.All cases presented with rest pain and intermittent claudicating(with distance less than 500 m).Unilateral lesions were found in 9 cases.and bilateral lesions in 7 cases.Iliaco-femoral arteries were obliterated completely in 6 cases.while the other ten cases had arterial stenesis more than 75%.After visualization of obliterative artery.urokinase was administrated consecutively from catheter indweUed in or above thrombus.Transcatheter thrombolysis would be cancelled if the therapeutic effect wag negligible after using umkinase for 72 hours.After thrombolysis.the balloon angioplasty and the stent implantation were performed in the cases with residual stenesis more than 50%. In all of 16 cases,5 caseg underwent continuous intraarterial thrombolysis only.11 cases received balloon angioplasty and/or stent implantation additionally.The ankle/braehial index(ABI)post-treatment and pre-treatment was analyzed.Results The duration of transcatheter thrombolysis was 3.0-15.0 days,averaged(8.4±2.9)days.The obliterative arteries were recanalized in 15 cases.The symptoms of rest pain disappeared in all cases.while intermittent claudicating was still present in 4 cases,but the claudicating distance increased significantly(92.50±60.21 and 625.00±84.26 m for pre-and post-operation respectively).The ABl was 0.63-1.10(0.91±0.12)for post-treatment and 0-4).57(0.32±0.14)for pre-treatment respectively(t=21.73,P＜0.01).During 6-24 months' follow-up,restenosis occurred in 1 case,which was treated successfully once again after halloon angioplasty.There was no serious complication related to the procedure.Conclusion It is safe and effective to apply continuous thrombolysis combined with balloon angioplasty and stent implantation to treat iliacofemoral artery obliteration interventionally via radial arterv.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism (R72P) and the risk of colorectal liver metastases.

METHODSThe p53 R72P genotype was identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 78 consecutive colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases and 214 age- and sex-matched cases with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer.

RESULTSThe R allele of the p53 R72P polymorphism was more frequently found in metastatic cases than in nonmetastatic cases (P=0.075). Carriers of the 72R allele had a 2.25-fold (95% CI (confidence interval)=1.05 to approximately 4.83) increased risk of liver metastases. On the stratification analysis, 72R-carrying genotype conferred a 3.46-fold (95% CI=1.02 to approximately 11.72) and a 1.05-fold (95% CI=0.36 to approximately 3.08) increased risk of liver metastases for p53 overexpression-positive and negative colorectal cancers, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate for the first time that the 72R allele of the p53 polymorphism has an increased risk for liver metastases in colorectal cancers positive for p53 overexpression.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Case-Control Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Genes, p53 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; secondary ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; biosynthesis ; genetics