Objective To discuss the appropriate timing of providing enteral nutrition through nasojejunal tube for patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Methods 126 cases of patients were divided into 3 groups randomly,providing enteral nutrition through naso-jejunal tube for the first group,the second group and the third group within 12～24 hours,48 hours later and 72 hours later after injury respectively.The nutrition situation of 3 groups was recorded 6 hours later,48 hours later,on the 5th day and the 10th day,including indicators such as total serum protein,blood albumin,serum creatinine,etc and complication cases of diarrhea,hemorrhage of digestive tract,palirrhea,aspiration,inhalation pneumonia and so on within 2 weeks after injury.Results In terms of indicators of albumin,creatinine 48 hours after injury and total protein,albumin and creatinine on the 5th day and 10th day,the first group were better than the second and third group,there were statistic differences between the three groups.Complication comparison within 2 weeks after injury:the difference of palirrhea cases among the three groups was significant,the third group had a higher ratio than the first and second group.And there was no statistic difference in the other indicators like diarrhea,hemorrhage of digestive tract,aspiration and inhalation pneumonia.Conclusions It is high time that patients with simple severe craniocerebral injury are provided with enteral nutrition through naso-jejunal tube within 12 to 24 hours,which can improve patients nutrition situation without the increase of the complications.

The α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel that is distributed throughout the nervous system. It is involved in the regulation of various neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and norepinephrine. α4β2-nAChR plays an important role in learning, memory, cognition, attention, inflammation, and pain. A large number of studies have shown that α4β2-nAChR is an important therapeutic target for neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, depression, nicotine dependence, pain, etc. It is an important target in the early diagnosis and curative effect detection of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the role, mechanisms and related drug research advances on α4β2-nAChR ligand drugs in neurological diseases, as well as providing a theoretical basis for identifying and developing more suitable α4β2-nAChR-related compounds.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Zishen Huoxue Recipe (ZHR) on pathomorphology in coronary heart disease (CHD) rats with Shen deficiency blood stasis syndrome (SDBSS).

METHODSTotally 60 healthy Wistar rats were divided into the blank control group, the model group, high, middle, and low dose ZHR groups according to random digit table, 12 in each group. Myocardial ischemia SDBSS rat model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery and injecting hydrocortisone. ZHR physic liquor was administered to rats in high, middle, and low dose ZHR groups at the daily dose of 21.6, 10.8, 5.4 g/kg by gastrogavage for 7 successive days, equal volume of pure water was administered to rats in the blank control group and the model group by gastrogavage for 7 successive days. Rat heart was collected for pathomorphological observation under light microscope.

RESULTSIn the model group the heart muscle fiber was swollen and deformed with widened space, loose and dropsy tissues. Blood vessels in myocardial mesenchymal were dilated, infiltrated with more inflammatory cells. Myocardial cells were markedly swollen, degenerated, or necrotic, with caryolysis or disappearance of partial nuclear. A large amount of collagen fibrous tissue became hyperplasia. Endocardial blood vessels were swollen and degenerated with infiltration of few inflammatory cells. Epicardium tissue and structure were destroyed and got hyperplasia. Swollen, degenerated, or necrotic vessels could be seen, with infiltration of more inflammatory cells and collagen deposition. Pathomorphological injuries were alleviated in each ZHR group. The higher ZHR concentration, the milder the injury degree of myocardial tissue, the more limited range of damage.

CONCLUSIONZHR could attenuate pathomorphological injuries of myocardial ischemia rats with SDBSS and regulate myocardial function, thus improving myocardial ischemia in CHD rats with SDBSS.

Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Myocardium ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of late onset of hypogonadism (LOH) in males as well as the sensitivity, specificity and applicability of the androgen deficiency in aging males (ADAM) questionnaire and the aging males' symptoms (AMS) scale in Chinese males based on the community population data.

METHODSA total of 1 498 old and middle-aged healthy males attended the ADAM and AMS investigations, of whom 434 received the measurement of the concentration of serum reproductive hormones, the positive rate of LOH screening, the rate of androgen deficiency, the clinical incidence of LOH, and the sensitivity and specificity of ADAM and AMS by tT and fT cut-off. The symptom evaluation cut-off value of the AMS score was optimized using the ROC curve.

RESULTSAlthough 5 of the subjects had previously received irregular testosterone supplement, none of them was given or actively sought for androgen therapy at the time of the investigation. Among the 40 - 69 years old males, the mean positive rates of LOH screening by ADAM and AMS were 80.77% and 32.34%, and the mean androgen deficiency rates obtained by tT and fT cut-off were 14.02% and 43.69%. The mean clinical incidences of LOH in the ADMA- and AMS-positive subjects were 37.85% and 15.42%. According to the fT cut-off, the sensitivities of ADAM and AMS were 86.63% and 35.29%, and their specificities were 24.48% and 63.49%, respectively. The symptom evaluation cut-off value of the AMS score optimized by the ROC curve was 19.5.

CONCLUSIONThe sensitivity and specificity of ADAM and AMS in the Chinese population are basically consistent with the results of most studies abroad, while the positive rate of LOH screening, the rate of androgen deficiency and the clinical incidence of LOH obviously higher in the former than those reported in other studies. Both ADAM and AMS are applicable to the Chinese population. The former is advantageous for its high sensitivity, time saving and easy operation, and therefore suitable for screening LOH, while the latter can be used for monitoring therapeutic efficacy.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; diagnosis ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To analyse the cases of sudden death due to hyperthyroid heart disease,and explore the general information of deaths and the forensic pathological characteristics to provide reference evidence for forensic identification of such cases.Methods Six cases of sudden death due to hyperthyroid heart disease between 2001 and 2016 were selected from School of Forensic Medicine,China Medical University.The general information (gender and age),clinical manifestations,medical history,anatomical and histopathological findings,biochemical parameters and cause of death were analysed retrospectively.Results Most of the 6 patients had definite history of hyperthyroidism,and they all showed certain degrees of symptoms of cardiovascular disease;had obvious incentive factors of death;histopathological examination of thyroid conformed to the performances of diffuse toxic goiter;with increase of cardiac weight,dilatation of cardiac chambers,myocardial hypertrophy and focal necrosis;postmortem biochemical analyses of pericardial fluid could be used as an additional method for diagnostic of sudden death due to hyperthyroid heart disease.Conclusion The identification of death due to hyperthyroid heart disease should be based on the clinical history and the results of autopsy,histopathological examination,postmortem toxicology tests.The postmortem biochemical detection of thyroid and cardiac function should be performed if necessary.

Objective To explore the safety and cosmetic effect of nipple-sparing modified radical mas tectomy and immediate tissue expander implantation with single circumaereolar incision.Methods 30 patients were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between Jan.2014 and Dec.2015.All the patients were categorized according to surgical incision (single circumaereolar incision group vs double incisions group).Data on clinicopathological parameters,average hospital stay,complications and overall cosmetic effect were retrospectively collected.Data was performed with Chi-square test,Fisher exact test and t-test.Statistical significance was defined as P＜0.05.Results 19 patients were enrolled in single circumaereolar incision group,and 11 patients in double incisions group.There was no significant difference for operation duration (P=0.093) and average hospital stay (P=0.339).After follow-up for 19.1 months,ranging from 8 to 31 months,no patients developed seroma or arm lymphedema.There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of sensation in nippleaereolar area (P=0.973),bilateral symmetry (P=0.650) and overall cosmesis (P=0.483).Conclusion single circumaereolar incision nipple-sparing modified radical mastectomy and immediate tissue expander implantation can be one of the preferable surgical procedures with benefits of minimal invasiveness,reliable oncological safety and decent cosmetic effect.

Objective: To explore the association between the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) and clinicopathologic characteristics as well as prognosis in patients with axillary lymph node negative, hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. Methods: The clinicopathologic data of 439 early breast cancer patients who underwent 21 gene RS testing was retrospectively analyzed. According to the 21 gene RS, the patients were divided into low risk (295 cases), intermediate risk (111 cases) and high-risk (33 cases) group. The relationship between the 21 gene RS and clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, recurrence and metastasis was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to analyze the risk factors for relapse free survival (RFS). Results: Tumor grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Ki-67 index were significantly different among the 3 risk cohorts (P<0.001 for all). After a median follow-up of 32 months, the recurrence rate in low risk group (3.7%) was significantly lower than that in the intermediate-high risk group (9.0%), the locoregional recurrence (LRR) rate of low, intermediate and high risk group was 2.4%, 6.3% and 9.1%; and the distant metastasis (DM) rate in low risk group was 1.4% and 2.1% in the intermediate-high risk group. Univariate analysis showed RS, ER status and endocrine therapy were prognostic factors for RFS (P<0.05 for all). Multivariate analysis showed that RS was an independent significant predictor for RFS (P=0.04). Conclusions The 21-gene RS is related to tumor grade, ER, PR and Ki-67 index. RS is an independent risk factor for RFS in patients with hormone receptor positive early-stage breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Bevacizumab ; therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Edema ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Re-Irradiation ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prognostic factors related to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by analyzing clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis.

METHODSThree hundred and five TNBC patients treated between January 2004 and December 2011 were enrolled and retrospectively reviewed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. All patients were females and the age onset were 24-82 years old (the median were 50 years old).

RESULTSThe follow-up period was 1 to 114 months, with median 38 months. The 5-year disease free survival (DFS) rate was 68% and overall survival (OS) rate 75%. The peak risk of recurrence occurs within the first 2-3 years after initial treatment of the disease, but distant relapse after this time is much less common. Survival analysis showed that surgery type (χ(2) = 4.030, P = 0.045), tumor grade (χ(2) = 8.000, P = 0.046), lymph-vascular invasion (χ(2) = 10.386, P = 0.001) and lymph node stage (χ(2) = 119.36, P = 0.000), TNM stage (χ(2) = 65.961, P = 0.000) and treatment plan (χ(2) = 28.371, 21.874, 32.163, all P = 0.000) were statistically related to DFS; while age (χ(2) = 10.226, P = 0.006), lymph-vascular invasion (χ(2) = 18.881, P = 0.000), lymph node stage (χ(2) = 98.958, P = 0.000), TNM stage (χ(2) = 65.342, P = 0.000) and type of treatment (χ(2) = 17.862, 18.708, 31.921, all P = 0.000) were related to OS. The lymph nodes stage was prognostic factor related to both DFS and OS.

CONCLUSIONSTNBC was characterized by poor prognosis and rapid progression. The lymph nodes metastatic status was the most important prognostic factor of TNBC.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Aging is a normal physiological process involving coaction of many factors. The anti-aging effects of natural products have been studied by many domestic and international scholars, but not far enough, which still needed to be explored. Flavonoids, as natural products, have a variety of pharmacological activities and present in many traditional Chinese medicines. In recent years, research results indicate that flavonoids can delay the aging process of the nervous, immune, and reproductive systems, and the liver, skin and other tissues. The anti-aging effects of flavonoids have attracted more and more attention. Therefore, development of anti-aging drugs from flavonoids is of great significance to improve the quality of life for the elderly and slow the process of aging. However, the mechanism of the anti-aging effect of flavonoids remains unknown at present. This review will discuss the anti-aging effect and mechanisms of flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine from the aspects of cellular signaling pathways and metabolic pathways based on the modern theories of aging.