Spinal cord injury affects cerebral cortex in many respects,including morphology and gene expression of neurons,reorganization in function and structure,regional brain blood flow,expression of neurotrophic factor and its receptor.These changes may affect rehabilitation care and functional recovery of the patients with spinal cord injury.Therefore,studies targeting these changes are vital for our further understanding of the mechanisms of spinal cord injury and help to explore new therapies.

Objective To compare the timeliness, success and mortality rates between the modified carotid artery puncture method ( MCAPM) and standard suture method ( SSM) in the establishment of rat model of a middle cerebral ar?tery occlusion ( MCAO) . Methods Thirty?two male rats were randomly and equally assigned into MCAPM group and SSM group. The MCAO models were established by inserting a thread into the common carotid artery ( CCA) . 24 h after modeling, the rats of the two groups were evaluated with Bederson neurological scores, and the modeling success rate and mortality rate were analyzed. Results The suture insertion times, success rates and mortality rates of the MCAPM vs. SSM groups were (82?3 ±17?4) s versus (164?6 ± 22?0) s (P<0?01), 87?5% versus 68?75% (P>0?05), and 6?25% versus 18?75% (P>0?05). Conclusions MCAPM can be used to establish the rat model of MCAO due to its simplicity, mild wound and feasibility.

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecule mechanism of Salidroside inducing directional differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neuronal cells.

METHODSThe mouse multipotent mesenchymal precursor cell line (D1) was taken as the objective. Cultured MSCs were divided into the negative control group (complete culture solution), the positive control group (containing 1 mmol/L β-mercaptoethanol), the Salidroside induced group (20 mg/L Salidroside), and the blocked group (20 ng/ ml DKK1, a special inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway). All cells were inoculated in a 6-well plate (1 x 10(4) cells/cm2) and grouped for 24 h. The expression of p-catenin was detected by fluorescence Immunochemistry in the negative control group, the positive control group, and the Salidroside induced group. The expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), beta 3 class III tubulin (β-tubulin III), nuclear receptor related factor 1 (Nurr1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA, Wnt3a, β-catenin, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein6 (LRP6), Axin mRNA were detected using reverse transcrip- tion PCR (RT-PCR). The expression of β-catenin and NSE protein were analyzed by Western blot in the negative control group, the positive control group, and the Salidroside induced group. Ca2+ chelating agents (EGTA), L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (Nifedpine), and IP3Ks special inhibitor (LY294002) were used to block Ca2+ signal pathway respectively. The expression of Wnt3a, LRP-6, Axin, glycogen syn- thase kinase (GSK-3), and β-catenin mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The β-catenin protein expression was analyzed using Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the positive control group, β-catenin protein was strong positively expressed; the expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, LRP6, Axin, NSE, β-tubulin III, Nurr1 mRNA, and NSE protein were obviously up-regulated in the Salidroside induced group (P < 0.01). Compared with the positive control group and the Salidroside induced group, β-catenin, NSE, Nurr1, and β-tubulin III mRNA expression decreased; β-catenin and NSE protein expression were also down-regulated in the blocked group (P < 0.01). Compared with the Salidroside induced group, the expression of Wnt3a, LRP-6, β-catenin, and Axin mRNA were down-regulated in the Ca2+ signal blocked group and the salidroside induced group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSalidroside affected directional differentia- tion of MSCs into neuronal cells through Wnt/β-catenin and Ca2+ signal pathway.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Mice ; Neurons ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; physiology ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

Objective To explore the correlation between diffuse neurogenic changes on electromyography and diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Methods Retrospective study was performed based on database of motor neuron disorders collected from January,2002 to December,2008.The category of disease with diffuse neurogenic changes at the first examination was summarized.The electromyography (EMG) manifestation in ALS patients at the first examination and the results after follow-up were reviewed.The factors affecting EMG manifestation in ALS were analyzed with binary Logistic regression.Results In 298 patients with diffuse neurogenic changes on EMG,192 cases (64.4％ ) were diagnosed of ALS,36 ( 12.1％ ) progressive muscular atrophy,13 (4.4％ ) Kennedy' s disease,10 (3.4％)Hirayama disease,9 ( 3.0％ ) cervical spondylosis combined with lumbar spondylosis,6 ( 1.3％ ) spinal muscular disease,5 ( 1.7％ ) multifocal motor neuropathy,5 ( 1.7％ ) ALS-plus disease,4 ( 1.3％ )myopathy,3( 1.0％ ) hereditary motor neuropathy,3 ( 1.0％ ) axonal motor neuropathy,2(0.7％ ) postpolio syndrome,and 10 (3.4％) with no definite diagnosis.In total 213 patients who were diagnosed with ALS after follow-up,at their first examinations,8 (3.8％) had neurogenic changes in two regions and 13(6.1％ ) had neurogenic changes in one region,and they all developed to diffuse neurogenic changes after follow-up for 3 to 24 months.Logistic regression analysis showed that the EMG change at first examination was not related to duration from onset,symptom location at onset,age at onset and gender.Conclusion Diffuse neurogenic changes on EMG can present in many disease including ALS.Neurogenie changes in one or two regions on EMG can be the manifestation of ALS at early stage.

Objective To study the differential expression of cell adhesion molecule(CAM) genes in the pathegenesis of AAA. Methods Microarray technique was applied to screen for the differential expression of CAM genes between AAA and normal aortic tissues. Results Three differentially expressed CAM genes were found in AAAs by microarray technique and molecular biology investigation, including VCAM 1, PECAM 1, TSP,with up regulating ratio of 5 683,3 601,57 406,respectively.Conclusion These abnormally up regulated CAM genes found in AAA might participate in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Objective To investigate the expression of type Ⅲ collagen in abdominal aortic aneurysm tissues and normal aortic tissues. Methods RT PCR and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect the expression of type Ⅲ collagen in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissues( n =5) and normal aortic (NA) tissues( n =3) . Results Expression of type Ⅲ collagen was increased in AAA group compared with normal group with AAA/NA= 7 251( P

Objective To determine the Golgi dispersal in radiation damaged cells and the protective effect of vanillin derivatives.Methods Immunofluorescence, cell cycle analysis of flow-cytometry,Western blot,and clone formation were used.Results Immunofluorescence observation showed that the Golgi dispersal caused by 2 Gy 60 Coγ-ray was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 4-10 Gy as was demonstrated by the fact that the Golgi area was significantly increased. When the irradiated cells were treated with the radioprotective agent VND3207, a vanillin derivative,the Golgi dispersal induced by radiation was significantly reduced.The radiation-induced Golgi dispersal was also displayed in a pattern of time-course after irradiation in the HeLa cells, and persisted at least to 36 h post-irradiation. Cell cycle test results indicated that the Golgi dispersal was not associated with the G2/M arrest triggered by radiation-induced DNA damage response.VND3207 could promote cell survival by plate colony formation assay.Conclusion The Golgi dispersal can be caused byγ-ray irradiation in a dose-and time-dependent manner, and VND3207 can provide a good protection against radiation injury associated with inhibited Golgi dispersal.

To study the in situ intestinal absorption kinetics and compatibility influence of peimine and peiminine in rats, the absorption of peimine and peiminine in small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and colon of rats was investigated using in situ single-pass perfusion method and the drug content was measured by HPLC-ELSD. Perfusion rate, pH, concentration of drug, gender and bile duct ligation can significantly affect the absorption of peimine and peiminine, the Ka, and Papp values in the condition of pH 6.8 and pH 7.4 had significant difference (P<0.01), as drug concentration irlcreased, the absorption parameters of peimine and peiminine decreased, Ka and Papp between low concentrations and middle concentrations was significant difference (P<0.01). Verapamil can not affect Ka and Papp of peimine and peiminine which are in the extract (P> 0.05). Bitter almonds and licorice can significantly reduce the absorption of peimine and peiminine with the usual dose (P<0.01), extracted separately and together had no significant difference on Ka and Papp (P> 0.05). Experimental results show that the absorption features of peimine and peiminine are basically the same, both of them could be absorbed at all segments of the intestine in rats and had no special absorption window, and with significant differences between male and female individuals. The absorption of peimine and peiminine complies with the active transport and facilitated diffusion in the general intestinal segments. Bitter almond and licorice can reduce the intestinal absorption rate ofpeimine and peiminine.
Animals ; Cevanes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Colon ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fritillaria ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; Male ; Perfusion ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prunus dulcis ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sex Factors

Natural medicine chemistry is a comprehensive academics which has strong profession and fulfillment.Traditional teaching mode is very difficult to satisfy a teaching demand.The multi-media teaching carries on audio-visual teaching by sketch,animation,voice,video frequency...etc.to promote students to obtain and keep knowledge.It also plays an important role in organizing and managing teaching information,setting up ideal study environment,raising students’study interest.This text mainly focuses on how the multi-media teaching guide the student studying natural medicine chemistry.

Artificial intelligence technology is being widely applied in drug screening. This paper introduces the characteristics of artificial intelligence, and summarizes the application and progress of artificial intelligence technology especially deep learning in drug screening, from ligand-based and receptor structure-based aspects. This paper also introduces how to apply artificial intelligence to drug design from these two aspects. Finally, we discuss the main limitations, challenges, and prospects of artificial intelligence technology in the field of drug screening.