Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Histiocytic Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Phosphoglucomutase ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Background and purpose: With the development of the means of preoperative diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, ifne needle puncture no longer seems to be popular with the clinical use. The safety and effectiveness of fine needle aspiration as preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of breast cancer and association between FNA and recurrence and metastasis for 30 years in our hospital. Methods:A total number of 1 260 patients with breast cancer treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1975 to 2006 were reviewed in two groups for clinical characters, recurrence, and survival rate. The two groups were FNA and non-FNA. Results:The positive rate of FNA was 61.4%and the highest rate was inⅣstage (100%). StageⅡandⅢwere the major ones in FNA group (45.2%). The local recurrence (7.0%vs 6.4%), recurrence and metastasis (13.2%vs 14.0%), 5-year (82.0%vs 81.0%) and 10-year disease free survival rates (51.0%vs 64.0%) have no signiifcant difference between FNA and non-FNA groups. Conclusion:FNA is still one of the most important methods for preoperative investigation of breast cancer. Background and purpose: With the development of the means of preoperative diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, ifne needle puncture no longer seems to be popular with the clinical use. The safety and effectiveness of fine needle aspiration as preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of breast cancer and association between FNA and recurrence and metastasis for 30 years in our hospital. Methods:A total number of 1 260 patients with breast cancer treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1975 to 2006 were reviewed in two groups for clinical characters, recurrence, and survival rate. The two groups were FNA and non-FNA. Results:The positive rate of FNA was 61.4%and the highest rate was inⅣstage (100%). StageⅡandⅢwere the major ones in FNA group (45.2%). The local recurrence (7.0%vs 6.4%), recurrence and metastasis (13.2%vs 14.0%), 5-year (82.0%vs 81.0%) and 10-year disease free survival rates (51.0%vs 64.0%) have no signiifcant difference between FNA and non-FNA groups. Conclusion:FNA is still one of the most important methods for preoperative investigation of breast cancer.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an antiangiogenic factor which is effective in tumour inhibition in a variety of tumours and has not yet been studied in bladder tumour before. In this study the expression of PEDF, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and -8 (IL-8) in bladder tumours was investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 64 bladder tumour and 23 normal uroepithelium samples. Expression change of the factors was compared with clinicopathological parameters. Correlations between PEDF, IL-1α and IL-8 were analyzed. None of the factors was in relation to gender, tumour occurrence, and size or onset pattern. PEDF (P=0.014) and IL-1α (P=0.049) expression was down-regulated with grade progression. PEDF expression was lower in normal uroepithelium than in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) (P=0.000) and carcinoma (P=0.009) whilst IL-1α (P=0.000 and P=0.000 respectively) and IL-8 (P=0.000 and P=0.023 respectively) expression was higher in the same grouping. PEDF expression had a negative correlation with IL-8 in PUNLMP (P=0.049, r=-0.578) as well as in tumour grouping (P=0.033, r=-0.276). Deranged expressional change of PEDF, IL-1α and IL-8 could be in relation to loss of differentiation from normal uroepithelium to papillary lesion and eventually to carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an effective method for osteoporotic thoracic vertebral compression fracture, but bone cement leakage is easy to occur in patients with intravertebral cleft. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic efficacy of bone-filling mesh containers in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures combined with intravertebral cleft sign. METHODS: From October 2017 to July 2018, 62 patients aged from 60 to 80 years with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures combined with intravertebral cleft sign were admitted at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University. Among them, 31 cases were treated with unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty (control group), and the other 31 cases were treated with bone-filling mesh containers (study group). The leakage of bone cement, the time of operation and the times of fluoroscopy were recorded in the two groups. The visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index score were compared between the two groups before and 7, 30, 60 days after treatment. The height changes of injured vertebrae were evaluated by X-ray before treatment and 7 days after treatment. The quality of life was evaluated by the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) before and 60 days after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The time of operation and the times of fluoroscopy in the study group were less than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the leakage rate of bone cement in the study group was lower than that in the control group (6％ vs. 39％, P < 0.05). (2) The visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index score of the two groups were significantly improved at 7, 30 and 60 days after treatment. The visual analogue scale scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group at different time points after treatment (P < 0.05). There was no difference in Oswestry disability index scores between the two groups at different time points after treatment (P> 0.05). (3) The height of injured vertebrae 7 days after treatment in both groups was significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). (4) The quality of life of the two groups was significantly improved at 60 days after treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). These findings indicate that compared with unilateral vertebroplasty with bone cement injection, bone-filling mesh containers with bone cement injection could reduce the incidence of cement leakage, relieve pain and increase the height of injured vertebrae in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture combined with intravertebral cleft sign.

Sorption of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by zero-valent iron (ZVI) is the rate-limiting step in the degradation of CT, so the sorption capacity of ZVI is of great importance. This experiment was aimed at enhancing the sorption of CT by ZVI and the degradation rate of CT by modification of surfactants. This study showed that ZVI modified by cationic surfactants has favorable synergistic effect on the degradation of CT. The CT degradation rate of ZVI modified by cetyl pyridinium bromide (CPB) was higher than that of the unmodified ZVI by 130%, and the CT degradation rate of ZVI modified by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was higher than that of the unmodified ZVI by 81%. This study also showed that the best degradation effect is obtained at the near critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and that high loaded cationic surfactant does not have good synergistic effect on the degradation due to its hydrophilicity and the block in surface reduction sites. Furthermore degradation of CT by ZVI modified by nonionic surfactant has not positive effect on the degradation as the ionic surfactant and the ZVI modified by anionic surfactant has hardly any obvious effects on the degradation.
Carbon Tetrachloride ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron ; chemistry ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry ; Water Pollution ; prevention & control

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lipoproteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; metabolism ; pathology

Nanoparticles have better applicability in the detection, treatment of cancer and various difficult diseases, but mononuclear phagocytosis system can seriously shorten the time of nanoparticles in vivo circulation, reduce the drug efficacy. The protein crown formed on the surface of the nanoparticle after entering the body can change its surface properties, interfere with the recognition of phagocytes, and thus affect its circulation time in vivo. This article outlines the general composition and formation process of protein crowns. It also summarizes the influence of the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles, such as particle size, surface charge, hydrophilicity and surface materials on the formation of protein crowns. The protein crown affects the circulation of nanoparticles in vivo, mainly because the adsorbed opsonic protein promotes cell phagocytosis. Therefore, we also introduce the method of using protein crowns to promote the long circulation of nanoparticles in vivo. By designing appropriate physical and chemical properties, surface modification, and directed design of protein crowns, the adsorption of proteins on the surface of nanoparticles can be reduced. Therefore, it can reduce the clearance of nanoparticles in the mononuclear phagocytic system (mainly the phagocytes of the liver and spleen), and achieve the goal of long circulation of nanoparticles in the body.

AIM To investigate the equilibrium solubilities,oil-water partition coefficients and in vitro skin permeation features of brucine and strychnine in total alkaloids from Strychni Semen.METHODS Saturated dissolution method was applied to determining the equilibrium solubilities of two constituents in ethanol (10％,20％,30％,60％,90％,anhydrous ethanol),trichloromethane,n-octanol and surfactants (0.5％ tween,0.5％ sodium deoxycholate,0.5％ oleic acid).Shake-flask method was adopted in detecting their oil-water partition coefficients in PBS (pH 2.5,4.0,5.0,5.8,6.8,7.0,7.4,9.0).Modified Franz diffusion cell method was used for evaluating their in vitro skin permeation features in PBS,20％ ethanol and anhydrous ethanol.RESULTS Both brucine and strychnine showed the highest equilibrium solubilities in trichloromethane and the lowest equilibrium solubilities in surfactants.The equilibrium solubility of strychnine was higher than that of brucine in ethanol (＞ 20％) or PBS (pH ＜ 8.0),which reached the highest in 60％ ethanol and pH 2.5 PBS,respectively.The similar oil-water partition coefficients of two constituents,proportional to pH value,reached the highest at pH9.0.And they exhibited the highest accumulated transdermal absorptivities in anhydrous ethanol and pH 9.0 PBS,respectively.CONCLUSION Solvent type has obvious effects on the equilibrium solubilities,oil-water partition coefficients and in vitro skin permeation features of both brucine and strychnine.This study can provide a reference for the bioavailability improvement of transdermal drug delivery and development of related preparations.

The aim of this study was to explore application value of detecting platelet associated antibody and platelet membrane glycoprotein in the diagnosis and prognosis for immune thrombocytopenia. The platelet associated immunoglobulin (PAIg) and platelet membrane glycoprotein (CD41, CD61, GPIIb/IIIa) in 76 cases of immune thrombocytopenia and 30 healthy subjects were determined by FCM. The results showed that PAIg level in ITP patients included PAIgG (31.25 +/- 18.06)%, PAIgM (32.41 +/- 15.51)%, PAIgA (23.39 +/- 16.67)% which were remarkedly higher than in health control (10.48 +/- 5.05)%, (9.40 +/- 4.42)% and (7.23 +/- 3.61)% (P < 0.001). In patients with secondary immune thrombocytopenia (chronic aplastic anemia, SLE, Evans syndrome, liver cirrhosis hypersplenism, etc), PAIg level was higher than that in control group, while the platelet membrane glycoprotein in the blood of these patients was lower than that in control group. The level of PAIg decreased (P < 0.05) after treatment, but platelet membrane glycoprotein increased (P < 0.01). The result suggested that measurements for platelet membrane glycoprotein and platelet associated antibody by FCM were practical with high sensitivity, rapidity and simplicity used as a routine method in diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic effects in immune thrombocytopenia patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Platelets ; immunology ; Child ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Integrin beta3 ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ; analysis ; Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb ; analysis ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; analysis ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; blood ; diagnosis ; Thrombocytopenia ; blood ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of modified Gant-Miwa procedure with anal encircling for adults with rectal prolapse.

METHODSClinical and follow-up data of 31 adult patients with rectal prolapse undergoing modified Gant-Miwa procedure with anal encircling procedure between September 2005 and January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSOperations were successfully performed in these 31 cases. The mean operation time was 75 (range 50-165) minutes. The mean estimated blood loss during operation was 50 (range 20-80) ml. There were no postoperative complications, such as hemorrhage, perianal abscess, anal fistula, intra-abdominal infection, or urogenital dysfunction, while only 7 patients developed urinary retention postoperatively. Rate of postoperative constipation improvement was 61.5% (8/13) and defecation difficulty improvement was 69.6% (16/23). Twenty-eight patients received anal manometry 2 months after operation and the result showed that rectal sensation threshold and rectal maximal tolerance decreased significantly, while anal resting pressure and anal squeeze pressure did not change significantly as compared to preoperative values. Six months after operation, anal function was Kirwan grade I in 22 cases and grade II in 8 cases. During a mean postoperative follow-up of 2.5 years (3 months-6.3 years), 2 of 26 patients developed recurrent prolapse.

CONCLUSIONSModified Gant-Miwa procedure with anal encircling for adults of rectal prolapse is a simple and safe procedure with low recurrence rate, minimal invasion, no serious complication and mortality, especially suitable for the elderly patients, accompanied with underlying diseases or reluctant to undergo transabdominal operation.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Prolapse ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome