Objective To explore the application value of cellular automata(CA)in simulating the epidemic spread of out-break of influenza A(H1N1).Methods The publications regarding influenza A(H1N1)from January 2009 to March 2015 were collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),epidemiological data of H1N1 were retrieved ac-cording to inclusion criteria,the Matlab 7.0 software was adopted to construct CA model for simulating and analyzing the epidemic of H1N1 occurred in a university in Chongqing between October 12 and November 20,2009.Results There were a total of 17 820 students in this university,the epidemic of influenza lasted 40 days in 2009;When the parameter,the ef-fective infection rate was 0.04,the model of CA fit well,and gave estimate for basic reproduction number (R0 )1.202. Conclusion CA has certain reliability in simulating epidemics of airborne infectious diseases,it can provide reference for the prevention and control of disease.

Objective To study the chemical constituents from Dipentodon sinicus. Methods Isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20, the structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidences and spectral analysis. Results Nine compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as n-1-triacontanol (Ⅰ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅱ), pyrocatechol (Ⅲ), p-dihydroxyl benzene (Ⅳ), coniferyl aldehyde (Ⅴ), vanillic acid (Ⅵ), ergosterol peroxide (Ⅶ), ?-sitosterol-3-O-?-D-glucosides-3'-O-tritriacontanate (Ⅷ), and daucosterol (Ⅸ). Conclusion All the nine compounds are isolated from the title plant for the first time, among them, compound Ⅷ is a new compound named as dipentosinin.

Objective To observe the levels of serum 25‐hydroxy(25OH) vitamin D and bone mineral density(BMD) in appar‐ently healthy middle‐aged and elderly people in Zhongshan area and investigate the correlation between each other .Methods The BMD of 200 participants was measured by ultrasound BMD detector ,the participants were divided into 3 groups according BMD re‐sults .Simultaneously ,their serum 25OH vitamin D levels were measured by ECLIA .Results Among 200 participants ,the preva‐lence of vitamin D severe deficiency ,deficiency ,insufficiency and sufficiency w ere 7 cases (3 .5% ) ,35 cases (17 .5% ) ,102 cases (51 .0% )and 56 cases(28 .0% ) ,respectively .There was no significant difference in the BMD values among subgroups of different vitamin D levels(P>0 .05) .The prevalence of low BMD and osteoporosis were 60 cases(30% ) and 10 cases(5% ) ,the levels of ser‐um 25OH vitamin D in normal BMD ,low BMD and osteoporosis group were (67 .31 ± 18 .28) ,(65 .62 ± 15 .41) and (64 .95 ± 19 .86)nmol/L ,respectively .There was no significant difference in the levels of serum 25OH vitamin D among BMD subgroups (P>0 .05) .Serum 25OH vitamin D levels were not directly correlated with BMD(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are quite serious problems in apparently healthy adults in Zhongshan area .There is no evidence that the status of ser‐um 25OH vitamin D is correlate with BMD ,for laboratory diagnosis of osteoporosis ,more sensitive laboratory markers are needed .

Humans ; Sinus of Valsalva ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology* ; Coronary Stenosis/complications*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the synergistic effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on the expression of integrin beta3, in periodontal membrane of rat orthodontic tooth.

METHODSAn orthodontic tooth movement model was established. Up to 32 experimental rats were randomly divided into four groups according to a random number table. The four groups were injected with 1% PBS, TGF-beta1 (5 ng), PDGF-BB (10 ng), and combined TGF-beta1 (5 ng) and PDGF-BB (10 ng) in the buccal submucosal, respectively. The volume injected in each group was 0.1 mL. The animals were then sacrificed on the 10th day. The left maxillary first molar and periodontal tissue were taken. Different expressions of integrin beta3 were detected in periodontal tissues through immunohistochemistry. Mean optical density (OD) values of the positive fields were examined. The data obtained were analyzed through ANOVA. The data followed normal distribution, and were compared via t-test.

RESULTSCompared with the control groups, the expression of integrin beta3 was higher in the experimental groupin tension sides (P < 0.01). Significant differences in tension sides between the single-injection groups and the combined group were observed (P < 0.01). Compared with the control groups, the expression of integrin beta3 was higher in the experimental group in compression sides (P < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant differences in compression sides between the single-injection groups and the combined group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn terms of local regulatory factors, TGF-beta1 combined with PDGF-BB enhance the expression of integrin beta3 in the periodontal membrane and accelerate periodontal remodeling. The synergistic effect of the two growth factors is better than the single growth factor.

A plan of constructing a platform of excavating and protecting characteristic technology of diagnosis and treatment in research-based hospital of TCM was put forward by Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Research Institution of Characteristic Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment Affiliated with Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The platform has begun to take shape on the basis of previous theoretical thought and preliminary practice. It has its own management system and working standards and contents with a clear and definite developing direction. Its working contents include excavating and protecting clinical experience of famous and aged practitioner of Chinese medicine, folk proved recipe and technology of diagnosis and treatment of TCM, intangible cultural heritage of TCM. Some problems appeared during the work, such as the evaluation criterion of the folk proved recipe and technology of diagnosis and treatment, the management of clinical proving projects, the issue of intellectual property protection and so on, which must be further solved.

BACKGROUND:Craniotomy for severe traumatic brain injury is required to maintain the integrity of the dura mater. The artificial dura mater is now a common dural repair material, and looking for the ideal artificial dura mater is the exploring direction of neurosurgery.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the application of colagen sponge artificial dura in severe traumatic brain injury
METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 96 patients with severe head injury was performed, including 32 cases of the artificial dura with tightly suturing as the control group, and 64 cases of the artificial dura of colagen sponge without suturing as the experimental group. Operating time for hematoma clearance, blood loss, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, ICU monitoring time, the total number of hospitalized days as wel as time interval from hematoma clearance to cranioplasty, operative time for cranioplasty, blood loss, and Glasgow Coma Scale scores after dural damage and 6 months postoperatively in the two groups were measured.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The same purpose was achieved in the two groups. The amount of bleeding during hematoma clearance, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, monitoring time in ICU, the total number of hospitalized days and Glasgow Coma Scale score of 6 months postoperatively showed no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). But operative time for hematoma clearance and cranioplasty as wel as blood loss in the second operation were statisticaly significant between two groups (P< 0.05). The colagen sponge artificial dura in severe traumatic brain injury can fuly play a good role in reducing intracranial pressure, keeping brain functions, shortening operative time, and improving outcomes of patients, which has similar effects to tightly suturing the dura and creates favorable conditions for the folowing cranioplasty.

Objective The exam quality of ‘Probability’ course for foreign medical undergraduates was analyzed,aiming at providing some reference for the improvement of the student evalua-tion system and course quality.Methods The ‘Probability’ course exam scores of 167 foreign un-dergraduates of 2014 batch were collected,the students were divided into two classes according to their entrance date,the former part class A consisted of 90 students,the latter part class B consisted of 77 students.The reliability of the test paper was judged according to Cronbach's α,Hotelling's T2 and Pearson correlation coefficient.The Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to evaluate the cor-relation between the question items.For the two classes,the impact of the entrance time on the test scores was explored on the basis of Student's t-test of question item scores and the total scores.Results The average score of the course exam was 82.587 points with the standard deviation of 13.520,Kol-mogorov-Smimov statistic was 1.627 (P=0.010),the exam scores could not follow normal distribution.The Cronbach's α for the exam paper was 0.808,the standardized Cronbach's α was 0.815.The Spearman correlation coefficients between the five question items were all with statistical significance and varied from 0.315 to 0.657.As the students were divided into two classes according to their entrance date,for the ‘Probability’ section scores of the latter batch students were less than the scores of the former batch,with the difference 4.017 points,the same situation was also found that all the five items in the ‘Probability’ section.Conclusions The entrance time for the foreign medical freshman has an impact on their exam scores,suggesting that more attention should be paid to those students.

Melioidosis is a endemic infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, and is considered one of the major causes of fatal pneumonia and sepsis.This paper reports diagnosis and treatment course of one case pulmonary melioidosis, and reviews the related literatures, so to improve clinical workers'' understanding towards melioidosis, avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: To repair the postoperative tissue detect of the base of tongue cancer in advanced patients. METHOD: There were 30 patients of medium-high differentiation squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) included in this study. According to the TNM staging of AJCC 2002, there were 4 cases of T2N1M0, 7 of T3N1M0, 10 of T3N2M0, 4 of T4N1M0 and 5 of T4N2M0. Surgical approach of the primary lesion: 12 with transhyoidpharyngotomy approach and 18 with mandibulotomy approach. All cases accepted radiotherapy 4-6 weeks after surgery. RESULT: Twenty-five cases were reconstructed with pedicle pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps, and all them survived. Among them, 1 flap was partial split with surrounding tissue spontaneously, and another flap had partial tissue necrosis, however, both flaps grew well with dressing and other local treatment. Other 5 cases were reconstructed with free anterolateral myocutaneous flaps. Among them, 1 flap had partial tissue necrosis, but had a secondary healing after removing necrotic tissue via mouth approach. All 18 patients of larynx-preservation had tracheal tube pulled out. The 3-year survival rate was 68% and the local control rate was 87%. CONCLUSION Pedicle pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps and free anterolateral myocutaneous flaps were alternative donor area for repairing postoperative tissue defect of the base of tongue; The former was preferred, and the latter was concealed so as to be a kind of effective method, which need adept technique of microsurgery.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Larynx ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Neoplasm Staging ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Survival Rate ; Tongue ; pathology ; surgery ; Tongue Neoplasms ; surgery