Since Hosobuchi first found that spinal cord stimulation had the effect of significantly increasing cerebral blood flow (CBF) more than two decades ago, spinal cord stimulation had attracted wide attention in the field of treating cerebral ischemia. A large number of animal and clinical studies have been performed in this field, which make it another research focus following thrombolysis and interventional therapy. This article reviews the research history, mechanisms, and current status of clinical applications of spinal cord stimulation in cerebral ischemia protection.

Aged ; Coal Mining ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; physiopathology

Aged ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Coal Mining ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; physiopathology

Objective To evaluate the value of two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in assessing left ventricular systolic function,diastolic function and synchrony with different QRS complex duration in complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) patients with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF).Methods A total of 44 patients with CLBBB and LVEF≥50％ were included.All the patients were divided into two groups based on QRS duration,QRS＞150 ms as wide QRS group and 120 ms≤QRS≤150 ms as narrow QRS group.And 30 healthy people were included as control group.Two-dimensional echocardiography and 2D-STE were performed.Ieft ventricle longitudinal peak stain of global,septum and free wall (LS-G,LS-Sept,LS-Lat),standard deviation of time to peak systolic strain for the 18 left ventricular segments (SDt) and index of left yen tricular diastolic function (EDT,E/A and E/e') were measured.Results SDt values of wide QRS group and narrow QRS group were significantly higher than that of control group (both P＜0.01).And SDt of wide QRS group was significantly higher than that of narrow QRS group (P＜0.05).LVEF and LS-G in wide QRS group were significantly lower than those in both narrow QRS group and control group (all P＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference between narrow QRS group and control group (all P＞0.05).The LS-Sept in wide QRS group and narrow QRS group were both lower than that of control group (both P ＜0.01).And LS-Sept in wide QRS group was lower than that of narrow QRS group (P＜0.01).LS-Lat in narrow QRS group was separately higher than those of both wide QRS group and control group (both P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference of LS-Lat between wide QRS group and control group (P＞0.05).Compared with control group,E/A and EDT decreased and of E/e' increased in both wide QRS group and narrow QRS group (all P＜0.05).While there was no significant difference between wide QRS group and narrow QRS group (all P＞0.05).Conclusion In patients of wide QRS CLBBB with preserved LVEF,left ventricular systolic,diastolic function and synchrony decrease,while left ventricular systolic function of patients with narrow QRS do not significantly decrease.

Objective To elucidate the CT characteristics and pathology of acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis (AMPT). Methods The CT features of AMPT in 25 cases were analyzed retrospectively, and the CT features in HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive patients were compared by 2-sided exact propability Chi-square test. Two lung specimens were inflated and fixed by Heitzman's method. HRCT scans, gross specimen section (80-150 μm) and histologic section (5 μm) were performed on dry lung specimens and CT-pathologic correlation was conducted. The distribution of micronodules in the secondary lobule on HRCT and pathology in one specimen was evaluated by Chi-square test. Results Twenty five patients with AMPT were included in this study, including 11 HIV-seropositive patients and 14 HIV-seronegative patients. HRCT showed diffuse micronodules randomly distributed throughout both lungs in 25 patients, and ground-glass opacity (17 patients)was the predominant complicated finding. Coalescence of nodules and consolidation in HIV-seropositive patients (5 and 6 patients) were markedly higher than that in HIV-seronegative patients (none). In lung specimens, most nodules located in the lung parenchyma between the central bronchovascular bundle and the perilobular structures (792 and 560 nodules), which located in the interlobular septum pathologically. The distribution of micronodules in the secondary lobule showed on HRCT (1060 nodules)and pathology(864 nodules) was not significantly difference(x2=2.814,P＞0.05). HRCT showed ground-glass opacities when ARDS occured, which were pulmonary edema,inflammation and hyaline membrane on alveolar wall pathologically. Conclusions The HRCT characteristic of nodule distribution in AMPT is random. ARDS should be suspected when diffuse ground-glass opacities appear on HRCT.

Objective To explore the role of synaptic plasticity on the formation of visceral hyper- sensitivity induced by acute restraint stress in rats.Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and acute restraint stress group(model group).Visceral hypersensi- tivity was made by acute restraint stress for 1 h.The colorectal distension(CRD) with different pressure were performed and the abdominal electromyography(EMG) was recorded.The visceral sensitivity was determined by the frequency of EMG.The ultrastrueture of synapse was observed with transmission electron microscope.The expression of synaptophysin was measured by RT-PCR and Western-blot. Results①The frequency of EMG was significantly correlated with CRD pressure(control group,r=0.992, P=0.008;model group,r=0.978,P=0.022).The frequencies of EMG in model group(at 40,60 and 80 mm Hg) were significantly more than that in control group(P value=0.043,0.024,0.038,respectively).②There were more synaptic vesicles accumulated in presynaptical terminal.The post synaptic density was increased in model group compared to control group.③In the proximal and distant colon,the expressions of rnRNA and protein of synaptophysin were higher in model group (P

BACKGROUND:Chinese herb extracts can restore and protect the nervous system of rats through intervention of neural stem cels. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of ginsenosides Rg1 in the proliferation and protection of neural stem cels. METHOD:Sprague-Dawley rats at pregnant 19 days were dissected to take out fetal rats, and then the hippocampal tissues from fetal rats were isolated to extract neural stem cels. Neural stem cels were co-cultured with DMEM/F12 medium containing 50 g/L ginsenosides Rg1 as intervention group, with DMEM/F12 medium as blank control group, and with DMEM/F12 containing 0.64% phenol as positive control group, respectively. MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of neural stem cels in each group, and western blot method to detect the protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor-β in neural stem cels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Rat neural stem cels were round single cels with clear border at early period after isolation but at 2 days after inoculation, the cels were adherent and aggregated into smal cel spheres. Compared with the blank control group, the proliferative rate of neural stem cels was significantly increased in the ginsenosides Rg1 group (P < 0.05), but decreased in the positive control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, in the ginsenosides Rg1 group, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was elevated, and the expression of transforming growth factor-β was reduced, indicating ginsenosides Rg1 has a certain effect to promote the proliferation of neural stem cels as wel as to protect the neural stem cels.

BACKGROUND:The most effective method for the treatment of acetabular fracture is open reduction and internal fixation, however, this treatment for some special types of acetabular fracture cannot get satisfactory prognosis, and is prone to complications, such as traumatic coxarthrosis and avascular necrosis of femoral head. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effect of open reduction and internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of special acetabular fracture. METHODS:Twelve cases of acetabular fracture were included, including seven cases of traffic accident wound, three cases of crush injury, and two cases of fal ing injury. The type of bone fracture:two cases of posterior wal fracture, two cases of posterior column and posterior wal fracture, one case of T shaped fracture, five cases of transverse and posterior wal fracture, and two cases of acetabular roof sexual fracture. Complications:one case was femoral head centric dislocation, five cases were latter dislocation, and three cases were caput femoris fractures. Before injury, three cases had coxarthrosis, and two cases were avascular necrosis of femoral head. Al the cases were treated with open reduction internal fixation and total hip arthroplasty, of which nine cases were treated with biological prosthesis, and three cases were treated with bone cement prosthesis. The time from hospitalization to surgery was 3-15 days, and average was 6 days. The patients were fol owed-up once every 2 months in 1 year after replacement, and the Harris score was used to evaluate the hip function recovery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No surgical site and deep wound infection, joint dislocation, lower limb deep vein thrombosis, and death were found in these 12 cases. Among them, 11 cases were fol owed-up for a longtime;the fol ow-up was lasted for 6-82 months. The acetabular fracture was healed at 6-16 months after reduction without prosthesis loosening and sinking. The hip function was evaluated during final fol ow-up according to the Harris score:excellent in eight cases, good in two cases, poor in one case, and the excellent and good rate was 91%. Open reduction internal fixation and one-stage total hip arthroplasty can avoid long-term bed, get out of bed as soon as possible, and reduce complications, thus reconstruct the hip joint painlessly and good functional y.