ObjectiveTo standardize the service for mental disability in community, and evaluate scientifically the effect of rehabilitation measures and social factors on the prognosis of disease.MethodsIn the communities selected by cluster sampling method, family-social rehabilitation service was established. The observe groups or specified observers were selected by the community committee, and the maintenance treatment and rehabilitation evaluation were made by psychiatrists.ResultsAfter community rehabilitation treatment, schizophrenia could be compliant with maintenance treatment, which led to satisfactory social function evaluation and rehabilitation result.Conclusion Community rehabilitation treatment could increase the compliance with medical treatment and decrease the occurrence of relapse.

Objective To study the risk factors of hyperthyroid heart diseases(HHD) by analyzing clinical features of patients in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of HHD. Methods Nine hundred and eighty two cases were selected as objective from in-patient data of Thyroid Disease Treatment Centre of Shandong Province. The cases were divided into hyperthyroidism group and HHD group. The variables of etiology,sex, age, duration of disease, TSH, FT3, FT4 and TRAb were analyzed by comparative analysis. The risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results The prevalence of hyperthyroidism complicated hyperthyroid heart disease was 7.7%(76/982), age, duration of diseases, FT3, TRAb in the HHD group were [(51.4 ± 11.5), (6.3 ±2.1) years, 21.6 pmol/L, 71.6 U/L], in hyperthyroidism group were [(37.9 ± 9.8), (2.6 ± 1.3) years, 14.9pmol/L, 49.6 U/L]. The differences were statistically significant(u = 9.93,15.23, T = 44954,48792.5, P ＜ 0.05)between the two groups. The factors of the older, higher FT3 and TRAb, longer duration, Graves disease (OR =1.751,1.470,1.483,1.445,1.234) increased the risk of HHD. Conclusions Graves disease, longer duration, old age, higher FT3 and TRAb are the risk factors of HHD. Timely prevention and control of risk factors is necessary to reduce the incidence of HHD.

ObjectiveSLC2A9 is a novel identified urate transporter that affects serum uric acid levels. The present study is aimed to investigate rs7442295 polymorphism in intron 6 of SLC2A9 in a population of Chinese male gout or hypemricaemia subjects. MethodsA total of 268 gout patients and 288 healthy male volunteers were included. Blood pressure, body mass index(BMI), serum uric acid, glucose, lipid,urea and creatine were detected. DNA was purified from peripheral blood and the rs7442295 polymorphism was evaluated using high resolution melting ( HRM ) analysis and direct sequencing. Data were analyzed with t test or chi-square test. Results A/A and A/G genotypes were unambiguously distinguished with HRM technology. The occurrence of the homozygous type (G/G) was completely absent among the study population.The prevalence of the A/A and A/G genotype was 96.2％ and 3.8％ respectively. However, no significant differences of genotype frequencies were found in gout patients and normal subjects(x2=0.003, P=0.82; x2=0.003, P=1.00). But the serum uric acid levels in individuals with the A/G genotype[(293±100) μmol/L]were significantly lower than those with the A/A genotype[(392±133) μmol/L](t=2.426, P＜0.01 ). The A/G genotype frequency was significantly higher in the low-uric acid group than in the high uric-acid group (x2=6.279, P=0.01 ). Genotyping based on HRM was fully concordant with sequencing. Conclusion The polymorphism rs7442295 in SLC2A9 may be a genetic marker to assess risk of hyperuricemia among Chinese male Hart population. HRM is a simple, fast, reliable and close-tube technology for genotyping.

Objective To evaluate the anti-depression effect of astilbin on mice with depressive disorder and to explore its mechanism of action.Methods Seventy-two male mice (C57BL/6J type) were randomly divided into control group,model group,low,middle,high dose of astilbin group and imipramine(IMI) group,with 12 mice in each group.The mice in the control group were adopted in a normal way.The rats in the model group,low,middle,high dose of astilbin group and IMI group were adopted in chronic unexpected mild stress (CUMS) to establish depression model,and the stress was continuously kept for three weeks and daily medicine with physiological saline,10,20,40 mg · kg-1 astilbin and 10 astilbin imipramine were provided in the way of intraperitoneal injection.Examination for behavioural changes of animals was implemented via tail suspension test,forced swimming test,sucrose preference test,open field test.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was adopted to examine the level of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in prefrontal cortex.Results There was no significant difference in the number of horizontal movement and vertical movement among the control group,model group,IMI group and low,middle,high dose of astilbin group(P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the dead time of tail suspension test and forced swimming test in the model group was longer (P ＜ 0.05),and sugar preference,DA and 5-HT in prefrontal cortex decreased dramatically (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,the dead time of tail suspension test and forced swimming test in the low,middle,high dose of astilbin group was shorter (P ＜ 0.05),and sugar preference and DA level in prefrontal cortex increased dramatically (P ＜ 0.05).The 5-HT level in prefrontal cortex in the middle,high dose of astilbin group and IMI group was higher than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the 5-HT level in prefrontal cortex between low dose of astilbin group and model group (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the dead time of tail suspension test and forced swimming test and sugar preference among the control group,IMI group and low,middle,high dose of astilbin group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Astilbin works excellently in anti-depression,and the major mechanism may involve in up-regulating the level of DA and 5-HT in prefrontal cortex.

OBJECTIVETo investigate intake of water in different periods of a day of primary and middle school students in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu of China.

METHODSA total of 5914 primary and middle school students from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu were recruited using multiple-stage random sampling method from September to October 2011. Among them, 5868 students completed the survey. The information of amounts and types of drinking in 8 time periods, morning, afternoon, night as well as in meal and non-meal time in 24 hours of a day was recorded by subjects for seven consecutive days using a quantitative measurement. This information was analyzed by different periods.

RESULTSThe amount of drinking water among 8 periods of a day was (99 ± 101), (130 ± 106), (191 ± 155), (96 ± 107), (246 ± 172), (90 ± 101), (188 ± 135) and (50 ± 81) ml, respectively for before breakfast, during breakfast, after breakfast, during lunch, after lunch, during dinner, after dinner, and midnight (F = 1679.77, P < 0.01). Based on three periods of a day, the amount of drinking water in the morning (420 ± 242) ml was the statistically significantly most, followed by afternoon (341 ± 199) ml, and the least in the evening (327 ± 195) ml (F = 325.23, P < 0.01). The distribution trend of plain water in three periods was the same as total drinking water, with (270 ± 209), (250 ± 179) and (224 ± 177) ml, respectively (F = 84.89, P < 0.01) ; but beverage consumption was the most in the morning(151 ± 133) ml, then in the evening (103 ± 122) ml, and the least in the afternoon (91 ± 199) ml (F = 373.56, P < 0.01). The daily plain water consumption in meal time was (316 ± 247) ml, while it in non-meal time was (773 ± 445) ml with statistically significant difference (Z = 65.2, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in meal time between plain water (165 ± 194) ml and beverage (151 ± 152) ml (Z = 0.59, P = 0.56) whilst plain water (579 ± 408) ml in non-meal time was significantly higher than beverages (194 ± 204) ml (Z = 64.5, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe amount of drinking water of primary and middle school students in different periods of a day was different in four cities of China.

Adolescent ; Beverages ; Child ; China ; Diet Surveys ; Drinking Behavior ; Drinking Water ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors ; Urban Population

Objective:To investigate the influence of string-overalls-suture pancreaticojejunostomy on the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) .Methods:Clinical data of 70 cases receiving PD in the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2018 were retrospectively studied. All cases were divided into experimental group and control group according to the different ways of pancreaticojejunostomy. Patients in experimental group received string-overalls-suture pancreaticojejunostomy, and those in control group received pancreatic duct jejunal mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy. The 70 cases were performed by the same team. Operative time and the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:There was no statistical differences between the two groups in general data and intraoperative observations. The total operative time was (4.28±1.10) hours in the control group and (3.62±0.76) hours in the experimental group. It was significantly different between the two groups ( t=2.942, P=0.004) . There were 7 (28.0%) cases of POPF including 6 cases of grade B, and 1 case of grade C in the control group, and 3 (6.7%) cases of grade B in the experimental group. 6 (24.0%) cases had postoperative bleeding in the control group, 7 (15.6%) cases in the experimental group, 8 (32.0%) cases with abdominal infection in control group, and 8 (17.8%) cases in the experimental group. Delayed gastric emptying occurred in 3 (12.0%) cases in the control group, and 4 (8.9%) cases in the experimental group. It was significantly different for POPF between the two groups (χ 2=4.358, P=0.037) . And there were no significant differences for other postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05) . Conclusion:The string-overalls-suture pancreaticojejunostomy has the advantages of simple and quick manipulation, wide indication, safe and reliable pancreaticojejunostomy, and has certain superiorities in shortening operation times and reducing POPF.

OBJECTIVEThis study was aimed to investigate the toxic effects of 3 nanomaterials, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), on zebrafish embryos.

METHODSThe 2-h post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to MWCNTs, GO, and RGO at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100 mg/L) for 96 h. Afterwards, the effects of the 3 nanomateria on spontaneous movement, heart rate, hatching rate, length of larvae, mortality, and malformations ls were evaluated.

RESULTSStatistical analysis indicated that RGO significantly inhibited the hatching of zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, RGO and MWCNTs decreased the length of the hatched larvae at 96 hpf. No obvious morphological malformation or mortality was observed in the zebrafish embryos after exposure to the three nanomaterials.

CONCLUSIONMWCNTs, GO, and RGO were all toxic to zebrafish embryos to influence embryos hatching and larvae length. Although no obvious morphological malformation and mortality were observed in exposed zebrafish embryos, further studies on the toxicity of the three nanomaterials are still needed.

Animals ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Embryonic Development ; drug effects ; Female ; Graphite ; toxicity ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Male ; Movement ; drug effects ; Nanotubes, Carbon ; toxicity ; Oxides ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests ; Zebrafish

The concept of phytoandrogens, plants that contain androgens or those that stimulate androgenic activity in men, is relatively new. In traditional Chinese medicine a number of phytoandrogens are classified in medicinal plant restoratives for reinforcing yang, and they find their application in the treatment of the kidney yang deficiency diseases. In this review, the phytoandrogens used in traditional Chinese medicine are listed, and their proven applications in the treatment of kidney yang deficiency diseases, such as sexual disorders, cancer, and obesity and associated metabolic syndromes are presented. As a background, the mechanism of action of androgens, their synthesis and metabolism, the interrelations of androgens and estrogens, as well as the state of art methods to detect and analyze these hormonal activities in medicinal plants are discussed.
Androgens ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Yang Deficiency ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVES: To compare the application value of the likelihood ratio (LR) method and identity by state (IBS) method in the identification involving half sibling relationships, and to provide a reference for the setting of relevant standards for identification of half sibling relationship. METHODS: (1) Based on the same genetic marker combinations, the reliability of computer simulation method was verified by comparing the distributions of cumulated identity by state score (CIBS) and combined full sibling index in actual cases with the distributions in simulated cases. (2) In different numbers of three genetic marker combinations, the simulation of full sibling, half sibling and unrelated individual pairs, each 1 million pairs, was obtained; the CIBS, as well as the corresponding types of cumulative LR parameters, were calculated. (3) The application value of LR method was compared with that of IBS method, by comparing the best system efficiency provided by LR method and IBS method when genetic markers in different amounts and of different types and accuracy were applied to distinguish the above three relational individual pairs. (4) According to the existing simulation data, the minimum number of genetic markers required to distinguish half siblings from the other two relationships using different types of genetic markers was estimated by curve fitting. RESULTS: (1) After the rank sum test, under the premise that the real relationship and the genetic marker combination tested were the same, there was no significant difference between the simulation method and the results obtained in the actual case. (2) In most cases, under the same conditions, the system effectiveness obtained by LR method was greater than that by IBS method. (3) According to the existing data, the number of genetic markers required for full-half siblings and half sibling identification could be obtained by curve fitting when the system effectiveness reached 0.95 or 0.99. CONCLUSIONS When distinguishing half sibling from full sibling pairs or unrelated pairs, it is recommended to give preference to the LR method, and estimate the required number of markers according to the identification types and the population data, to ensure the identification effect.
Humans ; Siblings ; Genetic Markers ; Computer Simulation ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/genetics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Genotype