Objective To analyze clinical effectiveness of tigecycline for complicated intra abdominal infections (cIAIs) in surgical intensive care units.Methods The clinical data of patients diagnosed as cIAIs from Nov 2011 to Aug 2014 were retrospectively collected.Data of sex, age, severity of disease, bacterial strains and drug resistance, prior antibiotics, dosage of tigecycline were included.Results 1 862 patients were admitted into surgical intensive care unit from Nov 2011 to Aug 2014.54 patients were finally treated by tigecycline among 304 patients diagnosed as cIAIs.Acinetobacter baumannii (23.1％), Klebiella pneumonia (18.5％), Escherichia coli (16.9％) were the top three pathogenic bacteria.41/50 were of multiple bacterial infection.Previously adopted antibiotics were miscellaneous, the number of used antibiotics was up to 13 for one patient.Coverage of tigecycline averaged at 8.9 days.Tigecycline effective rate was 62％, 38％ (19/50) cIAIs were completely controlled and cured,24％ (12/50) patients showed effectiveness of tigercycline that procalcitonin decreased 50％ within 72 h.Logistic regression analysis showed that severity of disease and tigecycline dose contribute to the effectiveness within 72 h.Conclusions Tigecycline is effective alterative for patients diagnosed as complicated intra abdominal infections in surgical intensive care units.

There is an emerging and continuous interest in research about influence of biomechanics on repair and regulation of tissue injury. The development of tissue repair and regenerative medicine provides a new platform for biomechanical research, and biomechanics plays an important role in promoting the development of tissue repair and regenerative medicine. The papers published in special issue of biomechanics and tissue repair in Journal of Medical Biomechanics (Issue No. 5, 2016) were briefly analyzed and reviewed, and the researches in this field were also reviewed and prospected.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of nalbuphine in preventing shivering after neuraxial anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section.Methods Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 20-35 yr,weighing 55-80 kg,undergoing elective cesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia,were divided into nalbuphine group (group N,n=40) and control group (group C,n=40) using a random number table method.After delivery,nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg was intravenously injected immediately before clamping the umbilical cord in group N,and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.Ramsay sedation score was recorded before giving nalbuphine,at 5 min after giving nalbuphine,and at the end of surgery.The development of shivering was recorded from the end of nalbuphine administration until the end of surgery,and the shivering intensity was estimated using Wrench grading.The development of over-sedation,nausea and vomiting,bradycardia,hypotension and dizziness was recorded from the end of nalbuphine administration until the end of surgery.Results Compared with group C,Ramsay sedation scores were significantly increased at 5 min after giving nalbuphine and at the end of surgery,the incidence of shivering was decreased,the shivering intensity was reduced (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of adverse reactions in group N (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Nalbuphine can prevent the occurrence of shivering after neuraxial anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section.

Invasion and metastasis are key factors contributing to the high mortality rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involving a complex mechanism. In the invasion and metastasis of HCC, miRNAs can serve as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes to regulate the differentiation and proliferation of tumor cells being and play important roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. This review summarizes the recent progress in research of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs targeting GSK-3β regulate HCC invasion and metastasis and examines the roles of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and GSK-3β regulation.

To investigate the electrophysiological effects of 17β-estradiol on pacemaker cells in sinoatrial (SA) nodes of rabbits and the underlying mechanism, intracellular microelectrode technique was used to record action potential (AP) in SA node cells of rabbits. The results showed that: (1) 17β-estradiol (1, 10, 100 μmol/L) not only significantly decreased the amplitude of action potential (APA) and the maximal rate of depolarization (V(max)), but also decreased the velocity of diastolic (phase 4) depolarization (VDD) and rate of pacemaker firing (RPF) in a concentration-dependent manner. The AP duration at 50% repolarization (APD(50)) and at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) were prolonged. But the maximal diastolic potential (MDP) was not affected. (2) Pretreatment with tamoxifen (10 μmol/L), an inhibitor of estrogen receptor, did not block the electrophysiological effects of 17β-estradiol (10 μmol/L) on SA node cells. (3) Pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 μmol/L), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, completely abolished the electrophysiological effects of 17β-estradiol (10 μmol/L) on SA node cells. The results suggest that 17β-estradiol inhibits the electrophysiological activity of pacemaker cells in SA nodes of rabbits in a concentration-dependent manner possibly through a non-genomic mechanism related with NO.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; Rabbits ; Sinoatrial Node ; cytology

Objective To investigate the effect of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on migration of hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cells and its involved mechanisms. Methods Transwell was utilized to investigate the impact of LPA on cell migration of MHCC97H cells. Furthermore, the role of ROCK in the migration of MHCC97H cells through Y-27632 (a specific inhibitor of ROCK). Then, the expression of F-actin was observed with immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate elastic modulus of MHCC97H cells. Results LPA significantly promoted the migration of MHCC97H cells, while Y-27632 significantly blocked the migration of MHCC97H induced by LPA. Moreover, LPA up-regulated the expression of F-actin and decreased the elastic modulus of MHCC97H cells. Conclusions LPA promotes MHCC97H cell migration through decreasing the cell stiffness via ROCK/F-actin.

Objective To investigate effects of the cyclic stretch on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) proliferation and the related signal molecules. Methods The cyclic mechanical stretching apparatus was used to study the effects of the cyclic stretch on the growth of rBMSCs with different parameters. The expression of c fos was measured by RT PCR at mRNA level and the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), total ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2) and c-fos proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results The proliferation of rBMSCs could be stimulated by the cyclic stretch, and the number of cells was increased to 1.4 times compared with that of the control group at 1 Hz, 10% strain for 15 min and then being static for 6 h. Moreover, the expressions of c-fos mRNA and protein levels were increased significantly after the stimulation of the stretch. On the other hand, it was found that the cyclic stretch could remarkably enhance the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but did not influence the level of t-ERK1/2. After treated with PD98059, the proliferation of rBMSCs stimulated by the cyclic stretch was inhibited prominently in a dose dependent manner and the expressions of p-ERK1/2, as well as c-fos at gene and protein levels were sharply down regulated. Conclusions ERK1/2 signal molecules play an important role in regulating the cyclic stretch on the proliferation of rBMSCs and transcription factors may take part in the regulations during this progress.

OBJECTIVETo explore the method of clinical application and the efficacy of free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap in one-stage reconstruction of transmidline bilateral mandibular defect caused by giant neoplasms.

METHODSFrom july 2000 to october 2002, transmidline bilateral mandibular defects caused by ameloblastoma (4 cases) and gingival carcinoma (2 cases), according to the character of defects, were reconstructed with free fibula osteomyocutaneous flaps. Peroneal artery and vein were used as vascular pedicle, the fibula was reshaped, and micro-titanium plates were used in rigid fixation between fibula and residue of bilateral mandible. Microvascular anastomoses were carried out between peroneal artery/vein and small artery/vein in neck.

RESULTSSix free fibular osteomyocutaneous flaps survived well. Follow up duration ranged from 6 months to 2 years, the lower face appearance recovered well, occlusion relationship were normal, all patients were satisfactory with appearance and chewing function after repair of removable denture.

CONCLUSIONFree fibular osteomyocutaneous flap is a favorable material in the reconstruction of transmidline bilateral mandibular giant defect. The blood supplement of fibula is offered both by segmentral periosteum and nutrient artery from bone marrow, It is greatly benefit to reshaping as arched mandible.

Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fibula ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; surgery ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; surgery ; Osteotomy ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDBronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) has been defined as a luminal narrowing associated with anthracotic pigmentation on bronchoscopy without a relevant history of pneumoconiosis or smoking. The aim of the study is to study the clinical features and imaging manifestations of BAF, and to promote the awareness of this disease.

METHODBetween October 2006 and January 2012, 15 patients were diagnosed at our department as BAF that showed a narrowing or obliteration of lobar or segmental bronchi with anthracotic pigmentation in the overlying mucosa on bronchoscopy. The medical records including clinical features, imaging manifestations, electronic bronchoscopic findings, and pathological features were analysed, and the literature was reviewed.

RESULTSA total of 15 patients were analyzed; 13 were female (86.7%) and two were male (13.3%) and the age range was from 62 to 86 years with a mean age of 74.5 years. Three cases (20.0%) had a history of tuberculosis. The most common clinical symptoms of BAF were cough (100%), expectoration (73.3%), dyspnea (60.0%), and fever (46.7%). Twelve cases displayed mild to moderate obstructive ventilatory dysfunction. In the electronic bronchoscopic evaluation, the most common findings were black bronchial mucosal pigmentation, bronchial stenosis, bronchial occlusion, and bronchial mucosal folds. Pathological evaluation revealed chronic inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, submucosal carbon particle deposition, and mucosal or submucosal fibrosis. Chest CT scans showed that 15 patients had bronchial stenosis or obstruction (direct signs) with the right middle lobe being the most common site (11 cases, 73.3%). The indirect sign was mainly the presence of bronchial obstructive diseases (including secondary infection), represented by 11 cases of pulmonary consolidation (73.3%), seven cases of atelectasis (46.7%), and five cases of nodules (33.3%). The CT mediastinal window showed bronchial lymph node lesions, mediastinal lymph node calcification (12 cases, 80.0%), and enlargement of multiple mediastinal lymph nodes.

CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis of BAF was mainly based on bronchoscopic evaluation. Its pathogenesis is currently unclear, although it may be related to tuberculosis or bio-fuel inhalation. The diagnosis of BAF has important clinical significance, and improved awareness of this disease will contribute to prevention of unnecessary thoracotomies.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bronchial Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Bronchoscopy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Aim To screen the differential microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of different metastatic po-tential liver cancer cell lines,and predict miRNAs-reg-ulated target genes and their functions. Methods To-tal RNA was extracted and the miRNA expression pro-files were obtained by miRNA microarray chip hybrid-ization. The miRNAs whose expression had significant difference were selected by analyzing the miRNA difference expression profiles of the two different meta-static potential liver cancer cell lines, namely MHCC-97H(high-metastasis) and Hep3B(non-metastasis), which were compared with normal hepatocytes L02 re-spectively. Moreover, we analyzed the miRNA differ-ential expression profile between liver cancer cell lines MHCC-97H and Hep3B. The miRNAs were verified by qPCR and target genes were predicted by four softwares (TargetScan, miRanda, miRWalk, miRDB). To un-derstand the biological functions of predicted target genes, bioinformatics analysis was performed. Results The miRNA microarray results showed that the ex-pression of miR-192-5p and miR-215-5p significantly increased in liver cancer cell lines (MHCC-97H, Hep3B) when compared with normal hepatocytes L02, while miR-130a-3p and miR-196a-5p were significantly reduced; compared with Hep3B, the expression of miR-224-5p markedly increased in liver cancer cell line MHCC-97H, while miR-146a-5p, miR-483-3p and miR-200b-3p were significantly reduced. The re-sults of qRT-PCR were consistent with chip results. Conclusion There are differences of miRNA expres-sion profiles in different metastatic potential liver canc-er cell lines MHCC-97H, Hep3B, and they may par-ticipate in regulating the development and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma.