In order to fit new plot proposed by medical education reform,by integrating interrelated resources,the author introduced peer education into the whole process of nutrition propa-ganda and education to promote the development of the whole social health education.

Objective To evaluate the application of capsaicin to improve bladder stability after suprapubic prostatectomy for BPH. Methods 40 patients with BPH underwent suprapubic prostatectomy under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into A?B?C and D groups (n=10 in each group).Capsaicin of 1 mmol/L was instilled into the bladder preoperatively for 30 minutes in group B and group D had 10 ml of 1 mmol/L capsaicin given epidurally.Group A and Group C received saline only. Results The bladder instability was lessened.The time of bladder perfusion clearance,indwelling catheter delivery,duration of cystospasm and number of postoperative cystospasm cases in group B and D reduced significantly as compared with group A and C.The Pdet and volume were improved significantly,the Qmax and residual urine were also improved. Conclusions The intravesical and epidural capsaicin delivery helps to prevent detrusor instability and reduces the pain caused by postoperative cystospasm.It also improves the bladder function deteriorated by BPH.

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the mature fruit of Momordica Charantia. Methods M. charantia was extracted by alcohol and then extracted by chloroform; isolation and purification were carried out by silica gel. Compounds were identified and elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. Results Five compounds were obtained and identified as aglycone of momordicoside F_1 (Ⅰ), 5, 25-stigmastadien-3-ol (Ⅱ), aglycone of momordicoside Ⅰ (Ⅲ), charantin (Ⅳ), and ?-sitosterol (Ⅴ). Conclusion For the first time, compound Ⅰ is found as the novel natural product and compound Ⅱ is found in the fruit of M. charantia in China.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of the slender external biliary drainage tube (F5 ureter catheter) inserted into the common bile duct via the cystic duct in laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary closure.Methods Clinical data of 59 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis treated in our hospital between Feburary 2013 and March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were treated with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by primary duct closure,and bile duct drainage with a slender catheter through cystic duct after closure of the choledochotomy.Results All the cases underwent surgery successfully.The postoperative output of bile drainage was 30-570 ml/d.There were no complications such as biliary leakage,cholangitis or biliary pancreatitis.The catheter was withdrawn in 6-8 d in 57 patients after the operation,and was withdrawn in 10-11 d in 2 patients after the operation.There was no discomfort after removing the catheter.Postoperative hospitalization time was (9.1 ± 2.0) d.All patients were followed up for 5 months to 3 years,with an average of 16 months.The B ultrasound examinations showed no residual bile duct stones and liver functions were normal.Conclusions External biliary drainage using a slender ureter catheter via the cystic duct is safe,effective and easy to perform.It may reduce postoperative potential complications,especially bile leakage.

Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for gastric cancer, but its drug resistance often limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure. Drug resistance can be divided into primary drug resistance and secondary resistance. It has showed that several factors were involved in the multidrug resistance of gastric cancer, including the expression of drug resistance-related proteins, abnormalities of apoptosis-related genes, dysfunction of DNA damage repair, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and non-coding RNA. The solution to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is to overcome drug resistance or delay drug resistance. This article will explore the progress in multi-drug resistance of gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate a kind of inflammatory pathogen of infectious skin lesion and its position of the bacteria classification. Methods Based on the phenotypic properties of morphology,physiology and biochemical et al.The identification of bacteria was made almost thoroughly and systemically.Results A unique kind of gram-positive bacteria were separated from the lesion of the disease.Which featured by a bacilli to cocci circulation,obligate acrobes,inactive of biochemical reaction and resistance to conventional antibiotics.Conclusion The bacteria are classified into a rare kind of opportunistic pathogen.Few references both at home and abroad has seen so far according to its phenotypic properties,the bacteria is Brevibacterium epidermids which had never been reported at domestic.

The regularity and the preventive and curative measures about the post-operative infections in 3 orthotopic cardiac transplant recipients were reviewed.The results showed that the bacterial infections and the opportunistic fungal infections were common within 1～2 months after the cardiac transplantation.The sensitive antibiotics could completely control the infections.More than 3 months after surgery,the infections were gradually reduced.It was suggested that the prevention and treatment of the post-operative infections should be reinforced in the early stage of transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Huobahuagen Tablets combined with irbesartan on the risk factors of IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Sixty-two patients diagnosed as IgA nephropathy were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. Thirty patients in the control group were treated with Huobahuagen Tablets (5 tablets po t.i.d.), and 32 patients in the treatment group were treated with irbesartan (150 to 300 mg po q.d.), besides the same treatment as the control group. After 3 months of treatment, the levels of blood pressure (BP), 24 h urine protein (Upr), urinary red blood cells (URBC), blood triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), albumin (Alb), alanine transaminase (ALT), white blood cells (WBC) and serum creatinine (Scr) were observed. RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of Upr, URBC and Scr in both groups were decreased, as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the levels of BP, Upr, URBC and Scr in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The levels of Alb in both groups were increased, as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the level of Alb in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Huobahuagen Tablets, when used together with irbesartan, may improve the renal function of the patients with IgA nephropathy and slow the deterioration of the disease by reducing BP, Upr, URBC and Scr.

Objective To assess the clinical outcomes in patients who underwent laparoscopic primary closure of common bile duct (CBD) with or without transcystic cholangiography and transcystic biliary drainage.Methods From June 2013 to March 2016,we operated on 46 patients who underwent primary closure of common bile duct after laparoscopic choledochotomy (group A).The results were compared with 51 patients who underwent primary closure of common bile duct after laparoscopic choledochotomy together with transcystic biliary drainage (group B) during the same study period.Results There was a significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bile leakage between the two groups.The risk in group A was sig nificantly higher than group B (8.7％ vs 0％,P ＜0.05).The duration of operation in group A was significantly shorter than in group B [(125.3 ± 28.3) min vs (131.3 ± 20.5) min].There were no significant differences in the duration of hospital stay between the two groups [(7.3 ± 2.4) days vs (7.8 ± 1.9) days,P ＞ 0.05].All patients were followed up (range 3 months to 29 months,average 8.4 months).B-ultrasound examination showed no residual bile duct stones and the liver functions were normal.Conclusions Laparoscopic primary closure of common bile duct was possible after choledochotomy.Transcystic cholangiography and transcystic biliary drainage after primary closure of common bile duct were safer and more reli able.

Alzheimer’ s disease ( AD) is one of the most common dementia of neurodegenerative disorders, which results from the deposition of amyloid-beta ( Aβ) and there are no curative treatments for this disease at present.It had been proved that prion protein is the receptor for Aβand it plays a key role in the progress of AD with dual-side effects. Prion protein can not only transfer neurotoxicity to neurons but also protect them from neurotoxicity of Aβ.The polymor-phisms of prion protein encoding gene ( PRNP) affect the AD incubation period and clinical symptoms in humans and other animals.The discovery of PRNP mutational mouse fills the gaps of existing AD mouse models in this research area, which is potential for the studies of pathogenesis, new drugs design and testing aspects.The role and effects of prion protein in AD pathogenesis were summarized in this paper, furthermore, the discovery and utility of PRNP gene mutational mouse in research on AD and/or amyloid diseases were reviewed, and in order to provide some guidance for AD animal model study.