BACKGROUND: The existence of chronic heel pain induced by the injury of inferior calcaneal nerves prompted us .to conduct an anatomic study of the innervations of the medial and inferior calcaneal nerves, so as to avoid nerve injury during plantar operation.OBJECTIVE: To study the innervations and course of the medial and inferior calcaneal nervesDESIGN: Single specimen experiment.SETTING: Anatomical Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: This study was completed at the Anatomical Laboratory of Shenyang Medical College between August 2002 and December 2004.Totally 36 lower limbs from volunteer donators or adult corpus provided by related department were routinely antisepticised for anatomical study.METHODS: Tibia nerve was separated from the middle 1/3 of leg until it branches into the medial plantar nerve (MPN) and the lateral plantar nerve (LPN), so as to investigate the origin, course, branches and innervation of the medial and inferior calcaneal nerve (MCN and ICN). The line linked the medial condyle center and plantar center was used as reference, nerve scored"0"if passed through the line, and scored positive value if above and negative value if below the line.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The origin, course, branches and innervations of MCN and ICN in adults.RESULTS: Both medial and inferior calcaneal nerve could be identified in all 36 specimens. ① The source of MCN: 27 (75%) were found deriving from tibia nerve, 7 from LPN (19%) and 2 from tibia nerve and LPN (6%).② The branches of medial plantar nerve: 29 (81%) nerves had major branches, most of which lay superficial to the abductor hallucis muscle (AH) in the fat pad or under skin. ③ The source of ICN: 31 (86%) were found deriving from LPN, 3 from tibia nerve (8%) and 2 from MPN (6%).④ The origin of inferior calcaneal nerve: At (1.7±4.5) cm beneath the reference. ⑤ The branch and innervations of ICN: 24 nerves had two major branches (67%), most of which lay superficial to the medial edge of plantar quadratus.CONCLUSION: The origin, course, and innervations of MCN and ICN were relatively stable, it is preferable to take lateral process in plantar operation, and should be as rear as possible if taking inferior process so as to avoid nerve injury.

The high-intensity interval training often consisted of groups of interval high-intensity exercise of exhaustion or above 90%maximal oxygen consumption, which can be applied to improve aerobic capacity. Adaption of skeletal muscles might be resulted from high-intensity interval training, including recruitment, glucose metabolism and activity of mitochondrial oxidase, etc., and improve maxi-mum oxygen uptake. It has been used for physical fitness, such as weight reduction, rehabilitation of heart diseases and diabetes mellitus, etc.

Objective To investigate the effect of Zusanli(ST36) moxibustion on facial infrared thermal images in infantile spasm patients and provide a clinical basis for rehabilitation treatment of infantile spasm.Method Fifteen infantile spasm patients were enrolled. Ten healthy children constituted a normal control group. Facial infrared thermal images were observed in the infantile spasm patients. An auto-control study was also conducted in the infantile spasm patients. The infrared thermal images before and after 15 minutes of a rest state were used as a blank group and those before and after 15 minutes of moxibustion, as a treatment group. Facial infrared thermal images were produce using anATIR-M301 medical far-infrared thermograph. Changes in temperature in facial regions were observed in the control and treatment groups. A statistical analysis was carried out.Result Facial infrared thermal images showed that bilateral temperatures were evenly and symmetrically distributed in the normal group and asymmetrically distributed, with the right side temperature lower than the left side, in the spasm group of patients. There were statistically significant differences in the forehead and inner canthus(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the facial thermal image (temperature) between before and after 15 minutes in the blank group (P>0.05). In the treatment group, facial thermal images tended to be symmetrical after 15 minutes of moxibustion and had a statistically significant difference between before and after the moxibustion (P<0.05).Conclusion Zusanli moxibustion can improve facial blood circulation in infantile spasm patients.

Objective: To examine the effects of therapeutic alliance of adeno-associated virus-mediated recombinant angiostatin (AAV-AS) combined with celastrol on tumor growth, microvessel density and apoptosis of intracranial glioma in rats, and to give a prospective of this therapeutic alliance. Methods: A rat intracranial C6 glioma model was established, and then the rats (n=40) were randomly assigned into four groups after 7 days, which were saline control group, AAV-AS group, celastrol group and therapeutic alliance group. The tumor growth was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) every 7 days, and the volume of tumor was calculated. The rats were killed after 22 days, and the expression of AS protein, the microvessel density and the apoptosis of tumor cells were detected. Results: The expression of AS protein was detectable in AAV-AS group and the therapeutic alliance group, which confirmed the achievement of genetic transduction. The tumor volume, microvessel density and apoptosis index were significantly different in the therapeutic alliance group compared with the other three groups (P<0.05). The therapeutic alliance of AAV-AS combined with celastrol could inhibit the tumor growth, reduce the microvessel density of tumor, and enhance the apoptosis. Conclusion: Gene therapy of AAV-AS combined with celastrol can inhibit glioma growth by inhibiting tumor vasculogenesis. This therapeutic alliance exerts a synergic effect and compensates the shortage of single drug. Copyright© 2011 by TUMOR.

The studies on glycosaminogiycans (GAG) from animals are carrying out extensively in the fields of biology.biochemistry and medicine. The methodology of GAG researches has been developed rapidly at present. The researches of GAG have just begun in China. Synthesizing a large number of references,this paper gives a brief introduction on the methods of extraction isolation and determination for GAG. And the latest methods and developing tendency are summarized as well.

BACKGROUND:Conventional treatments for hypertrophic scars include excision, steroid hormones, anti-metabolite drugs, immunosuppressive agents and radiation therapy. Easy to relapse or serious reaction limits their clinical use. In recent years, application of calcium channel blockers in treatment of hypertrophic scars has made more good progresses, but little adverse reactions are obtained. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of calcium channel blocker trifluoperazine on hypertrophic scar of rabbit ears. METHODS:A total of 24 rabbits were enrol ed in this study. After 1 week of accommodation, models of rabbit ear scar were established in accordance with the method of Morris and Li et al. Rabbit models were randomly assigned to three group (n=8). At 30 days after model induction, when scar formed, trifluoperazine and triamcinolone acetonide groups received trifluoperazine and triamcinolone acetonide injection. Blank control group was left intact. Changes in hyperplastic scar, hypertrophic index, levels of matrix metal oproteinase-2, tissue inhibitor of metal oproteinase-2, transforming growth factorβ1,α-smooth muscle actin and proliferating cellnuclear antigen were compared and observed in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 10 and 20 days after treatment, in the three groups, skin bulge was visible in rabbit ears and no rabbit hair grew. Rabbit ears had obvious softening in the trifluoperazine group compared with the triamcinolone acetonide group, showing dark red. In the blank control group, rabbit ear scar was evident and showed red color. At 20 days after treatment, scar thickness and scar index were lower in the trifluoperazine and triamcinolone acetonide groups than in the blank control group. Matrix metal oproteinase 2 expression was significantly higher, but tissue inhibitor of metal oproteinase-2 and transforming growth factorβ1 levels were lower in the trifluoperazine and triamcinolone acetonide groups than in the blank control group. Results indicated that trifluoperazine obtained good proliferative effects on rabbit ear scar, and could decrease scar thickness.

Bestrophins have recently been proposed to comprise a new family of chloride channels.Homologous sequences have been found in animals,fungi and prokaryotes.Bestrophins are regulated by Ca2+,cell volume as well as auto-inhibitory domain and play important roles in olfactory transduction,fluid transport and cell proliferation.

OBJECTIVE:To facilitate the development and popularization of Office Information Network in hospital pharmacy department and provide the carrier and space for developing hospital pharmaceutical services. METHODS: In view of the requirement of hospital pharmacy, B/S structure, ASP technique and MYSQL open source database were used. RESULTS: The system was characterized by concise in style, simple in operation, characteristic and full of affinity, and it has been gradually accepted and widely used by the staffs. CONCLUSIONS: The Office Information Network of hospital pharmacy department can reflect in time the latest development of pharmacy, and it has facilitated the construction and development of informatization in hospital pharmacy department and helped to improve the administrators’ ability in information management and decision-making.

The enzymatic activity of monocytes was studied with light microscopic semi-quantitive analysis and microspectrophotometer, including B-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-?-glucosaminidase, peroxidase and ?-naphthyl acetate esterase in peripheral blood smears prepared by hcparinazed micropipet centrifugal method in some normal donors and patients. The data of normal groups have been obtained. The results tested by microspectrophotometry have indicated that the larger the area of monocyte was, the stronger the five kinds of enzymatic activity in monocyte was. In comparison with the normal groups, there were significant alterations of the different kinds of enzymatic activity of monocytes in the patients with cir- rhosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, pemphigus, untreated malignant tumor and radiotheraped tumor respectively. The significance of the results described above have been discussed in the paper.