Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Bronchial Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; surgery ; Carcinoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Thyroglobulin ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Transcription Factors

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of bone morphogenetic protein?2 (BMP?2) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in incipient,recurrent and malignant salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma??Methods A total of 93 cases of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma in Kailuan general hospital from 2008 to 2017 were collected,including 54 in incipient group (group A,47 cases in benign group A1,7 cases in malignant group A2),39 cases in recurrent group (group B,26 cases in benign group B1,13 cases in malignant group B2)??The expression of BMP?2 and PTEN were detected by immunohistochemical detection and western blot,the correlation of BMP?2 and PTEN was analyzed by Spearman analysis??Results The immunohistochemical and western blot analysis both showed expression of BMP?2 in recurrent group was significantly higher than that in incipient cases((129??03 ±15??52) vs??(87??88±18??11),t＝－8??094,P＝0??000),and it was lower in malignant cases than that in benign cases(( 100??24 ± 25??07) vs ( 116??66 ± 26??19), t＝2??125, P＝0??040)??There was no significant difference in PTEN expression between incipient and recurrent groups (( 89??15 ± 13??92 ) vs??( 96??19 ±28??02),t＝1??055,P＝0??279),but lower PTEN expression was found in malignant cases than benign cases ((76??06±11??16) vs??(109??28±17??05),t＝7??543,P＝0??000)??BMP?2 was positively correlated with PTEN expression (r＝0??313,P＜0??05)??Conclusion BMP?2 is associated with the recurrence of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma, and both BMP?2 and PTEN are associated with malignant in the salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma??

OBJECTIVETo compare the postoperative recovery among patients undergoing orthotopic bladder substitution with sigmoid or ileal grafts.

METHODSThe clinical data and postoperative recovery (postoperative complications, continence recovery time and postoperative hospital stay) of 84 patients receiving orthotopic bladder substitution with sigmoid or ileal grafts after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 84 cases, 70 had continent urinary reservoirs constructed, among whom 58 (aged 48-89 years) received an ileal neobladder (IN) and 12 (aged 28-80 years) received a sigmoid neobladder (SN). The postoperative complications rate, continence recovery time and postoperative hospital stay in IN group was 29.3% (17/58), 91.4%, and 23.5 days, as compared to 58.3%(7/12) (P=0.04), 66.7% (P=0.03), and 25 days (P=0.04) in patients in SN group, respectively.

CONCLUSIONA neobladder constructed from ileal grafts achieves better postoperative recovery results compared to a neobladder constructed from sigmoid grafts.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colon, Sigmoid ; transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Ileum ; transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; rehabilitation ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Urinary Diversion ; methods ; rehabilitation

Animals ; Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Cannabinoids ; pharmacology ; Fibrosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; therapy ; Piperidines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; metabolism ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; metabolism ; Scleroderma, Diffuse ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Skin ; metabolism ; Smad Proteins ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the synergistic effect of As(2)S(2) and STI 571 on K562 cells and its mechanism.

METHODSThe inhibitive effect of As(2)S(2) on the proliferation of K562 cells was determined by cell number count. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation and morphology. Protein expression was determined by Western-blot and gene expression by RT-PCR.

RESULTSAs(2)S(2) could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of K562 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner at concentrations from 1 micromol/L to 5 micromol/L for 24 approximately 72 h. 34.4%, 21.8% and 46.0% of the treated-cells displayed apoptosis at 3 micro mol/L for 72 h, 5 micromol/L for 48 h and 5 micromol/L for 72 h, respectively. Compared to treatment with STI571 (0.25 approximately 1.00 micromol/L) or As(2)S(2) (1 approximately 5 micromol/L) alone, treatment of K562 cells with As(2)S(2) and STI571 combination induced more cell apoptosis. (18.4 +/- 1.4)% and (15.8 +/- 1.2)% cells underwent apoptosis at 1 micromol/L STI571 for 48 h and 5 micromol/L As(2)S(2) for 48 h, respectively, and (40.6 +/- 2.0)% cells did in combination treatment (P < 0.05). For U937 cells, the percentages of apoptotic cells were (6.0 +/- 1.1)% at 1 micromol/L STI571 for 48 h, (4.5 +/- 1.2)% at 5 micromol/L As(2)S(2) for 48 h, and (7.3 +/- 1.0)% in combination treatment. As(2)S(2) decreased the bcr-abl fusion protein expression and PTK activity of c-abl and bcr-abl, but not for bcr-abl expression.

CONCLUSIONCombination treatment with As(2)S(2) and STI 571 induced more apoptosis of K562 cells. The reduction of PTK activity may be involved in the mechanisms.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Benzamides ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Synergism ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; analysis ; genetics ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptotic inducing effect of As(2)S(2) on K562 cells.

METHODSThe apoptotic inducing effect of As(2)S(2) on K562 cells was determined by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation analysis and morphology observation. Expression of protein was determined by Western-blot. RT-PCR was used to evaluate changes in gene expression.

RESULTSApoptosis of K562 cells was induced by 48 - 72 h exposure to 5 micromol/L As(2)S(2). Apoptosis was induced in (34.4 +/- 3.3)% treated cells by 72 h exposure to 3 micro mol/L As(2)S(2), in (21.8 +/- 3.6)% treated cells by 48 h exposure to 5 micromol/L As(2)S(2) and in (46.0 +/- 5.2)% treated cells by 72 h exposure to As(2)S(2) at the same concentration. With 5 micromol/L As(2)S(2), the protein level of Bcr-Abl and JAK2 decreased, while bax expression was upregulated and c-myc was downregulated both in protein and mRNA level. The activity of caspase 3 in K562 cells was increased by As(2)S(2). As(2)S(2) also induced apoptosis of fresh mononuclear cells derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients.

CONCLUSIONAs(2)S(2) can induce apoptosis of CML cells. The decline of Bcr-Abl may play an important role. The upregulation of bax, increase of the activity of caspase 3, downregulation of c-myc and decrease of JAK2 may also be involved in the mechanism.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; analysis ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; analysis ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Sulfides ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular mechanisms of diaphragm injury in rats with liver cirrhosis.

METHODSThirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control group (n=10) and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis group (LC group, n=20). In the 9th week, the rat body weight and diaphragm to body weight ratio were measured, and the parameters of diaphragm contractility including peak twitch tension (Pt), maximum tetanic tension (Po), time to peak contraction (CT), half relaxation time (1/2RT), and force-frequency curve were assessed using a Medlab-U/4C biological signal collecting system. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondiadehyde (MDA) content in the diaphragm were detected. The mRNA expression levels of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) and cytoskeletal proteins (titin and nebulin) in the diaphragm were detected by RT-PCR, and the diaphragm ultrastructure was examined with electron microscopy.

RESULTSCompared with those in the control group, body weight, diaphragm to body weight ratio, Pt, Po, and tetanic force under the stimulus frequency of 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 Hz were all significantly decreased (P<0.01), while CT and 1/2RT were significantly prolonged in LC group (P<0.01). SOD and SDH activities were significantly lowered (P<0.01) while the contents of MDA and MPO activity were significantly increased in LC group (P<0.01) with significantly decreased SERCA, titin and nebulin mRNA expressions in the diaphragm (P<0.01). Electron microscopy of the diaphragm in LC group revealed myofibrillar degeneration, absence of the Z line, and mitochondria swelling and edema.

CONCLUSIONLiver cirrhosis increases free radicals and aggravates inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation in the diaphragm, thus leading to mitochondrial damages and decreased expressions of cytoskeletal proteins and SERCA to cause diaphragmatic dysfunction.

Animals ; Body Weight ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Connectin ; metabolism ; Diaphragm ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; enzymology ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Proteins ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of carbamazepine on serum metabolic profiles in rats using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

METHODSTwenty-four healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (n=6) for daily intragastric administration of high-, medium- or low-dose carbamazepine or distilled water (control) for 7 days. Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aortic under anesthesia after the treatment to determine serum carbamazepine concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography. ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectra were acquired for pattern recognition analysis. Histopathological changes of the renal and liver tissues of the rats were also examined.

RESULTSSteady-state blood concentration of carbamazepine in high-, medium- and low-dose groups were 14.64 ± 1.41, 8.54 ± 1.19, and 4.56 ± 0.64 µg/ml, respectively. Slight liver swelling was found in high-dose group, but none of the groups showed renal pathologies. Compared with the control group, the high-dose carbamazepine group showed lowered serum concentrations of 1,3-diaminopropane, deoxycorticosterone, 7-dehydrocholesterol, betaine, beta-alanine, L-cystathionine, 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, and creatine with increased levels of saccharides, lactate, succinic acid, acetyl phosphate, and adipic acid. Principal component analysis revealed significant differences of the metabolites between carbamazepine-treated groups and the control group. The metabolic profiles showed no differences in the kinds of metabolites although the concentrations of the metabolites varied between the carbamazepine groups.

CONCLUSIONSCarbamazepine significantly affects metabolism in normal rats. This finding provides evidence for clinical drug monitoring and drug safety of carbamazepine. NMR technique has important values for pharmacodynamic and toxicological evaluation of drugs.

Animals ; Carbamazepine ; blood ; Kidney ; pathology ; Liver ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of a new platelet function test PFA P2Y (PFA-200) in monitoring clopidogrel treatment for cardiovascular disease in elderly patients.

METHODSFifty-six elderly patients receiving clopidogrel therapy in the Department of Cardiology of General Hospital of PLA from March to August in 2016 and 85 healthy volunteers were recruited for analysis. All the subjects underwent PFA P2Y, LTA (light transmittance aggregometry) and TEG (Thromboelastograph) tests, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to test the associations between test results. The agreement among the 3 platelet function test methods was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient.

RESULTSCorrelation coefficient (r) was -0.701 (P<0.001) between PFA P2Y and LTA, and 0.475 (P<0.001) between PFA P2Y and TEG. The agreement was 75% between PFA P2Y and LTA and 67.9% between PFA P2Y and TEG. The κ value was 0.434 (P=0.001) between PFA P2Y and LTA and 0.242 (P=0.046) between PFA P2Y and TEG. With ADP-induced maximum platelet aggregation rate of LTA >50% as the laboratory clopidogrel resistance, the cut-off value of PFA P2Y was 119 s (AUC=0.733) with a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 73.3%.

CONCLUSIONPFA P2Y has a moderate correlation and agreement with LTA, but has a poor correlation and agreement with TEG. PFA P2Y can be useful for assessing the effects of clopidogrel therapy and the association of the cut-off value (119 s) with the long-term clinical ischemic events needs be confirmed in further study.

Biological Assay ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Blood Platelets ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Function Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training followed by non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODSThis investigator-initiated randomized, controlled trial recruited 88 patients with stable GOLD stage IV COPD, who were randomized into 4 equal groups to continue oxygen therapy (control group) or to receive inspiratory muscle training followed by non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (IMT-NPPV group), inspiratory muscle training only (IMT group), or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation only (NPPV group) for at least 8 weeks. The outcomes of the patients were assessed including the quality of life (SRI scores), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), dyspnea (MRC scores), 6-min walking distance (6MWD) and lung function.

RESULTSs Compared to baseline values, SRI scores, 6MWT and MRC scores increased significantly after 8 weeks in IMT-NPPV, IMT and NPPV groups, and the improvements were significantly greater in IMT-NPPV group than in IMT and NPPV groups (P<0.05 for all). In IMT-NPPV and IMT groups, MIP and MEP increased significantly after the training (P<0.05), and the improvement was more prominent in IMT-NPPV group (P<0.05). No significant changes were found in pulmonary functions in the groups after 8 weeks of treatment (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONInspiratory muscle training followed by non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, compared with inspiratory muscle training or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation alone, can better enhance the quality of life, strengthen the respiratory muscles, improve exercise tolerance and relieve the dyspnea in patients with COPD.

Dyspnea ; therapy ; Exercise Tolerance ; Humans ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Noninvasive Ventilation ; Physical Conditioning, Human ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; therapy ; Quality of Life ; Respiratory Muscles ; physiopathology