Objective To understand the status and effect of implementation of curriculum of nursing postgraduates,providing a reference for further improvement of our programs system for nursing postgraduates.Methods The formation of the interview framework was based on professional degree programs.Nine postgraduates were enrolled by purposive sampling,and the data were collected by in-depth interview and were analyzed by Colaizzi's content analysis.Results The experience of our school curriculum included the following:course structure and content highlighted nursing specialization characteristics; stamina was limited,the curriculum had slightly shortcoming; the assessment forms were diversification,although had some stress,it improved their ability.Conclusions We should enhance students awareness of curriculum and training plan of postgraduates,focusing on the study of specialist theory; to learn from the training experience of the foreign clinical nurse specialists in order to improve the curriculum of nursing postgraduates.In addition,we should also address the different starting point of students,explore different training plan,to lay the foundation for training of high-quality clinical nursing talents.

BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that vertebral endplate can be remodeled during intervertebral disc degeneration.However,the relationship between morphology of the vertebral endplate and intervertebral disc degeneration remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the morphology of the vertebral endplate and the lumbar disc herniation.METHODS: Forty cases without previous spine disorder and sixty-two cases symptomatic lumbar disc herinations lumbar vertebral were scanned by using spiral CT.Scan range was from superior L4 to superior S2.Scan protocols as below: 140 kV,345 mAs,FOV 160 mm,layer of thick 1 mm,pitch 1.0.Original images were carried through three-dimensional reconstructions using O2 image work station,W300,C80,ZOOM=1.5,Expand 1.Intervertebral disc maximum anteroposterior,transverse diameter,circumference,area and shape were measured based on curve planar reconstruction.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Endplate shape was strongly related to disc herniation(all the P value < 0.01).Endplate area was a less significant factor L4/5 in men and L5/S1 in men and females(P < 0.05).The shape of the intervertebral body endplate margin is an important factor contributing to the development of disc herniation at L4/5 and L5/S1.

The calcaneus bone strength was assessed by quantitative ultrasonography in 47 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM group) and 30 healthy postmenopausal women (control group).Speed of sound (SOS),broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and stiffness index (SI) in T2DM patients were (1 015 ± 170)m/s,(84 ± 14) dB/MHz and 45 ± 8,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of control group (1 403 ± 232) m/s,(111 ± 18) dB/MHz and 66 ± 12 (all P ＜ 0.001).Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR) was independently correlated with the parameters of quantitative ultrasonography in T2DM patients.The results suggest that calcaneus bone strength is reduced in postmenopausal women with T2DM.

Objective To explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-14(MMP-14)protein in the human stomach carcinoma tissues and its correlation with carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis.Methods The MMP-14 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 59 cases of stomach carcinoma tissues (observation group)and 20 cases of normal stomach tissues (control group,the adjacent normal tissues from the tumor margin of 5 cm confirmed by pathology),and its correlation with the clinically pathological parameters was analyzed.The expression characteristics of MMP-14 among various TNM stages of stom-ach carcinoma were also analyzed.Results The positive rate of MMP-14 expression was 50.85%(30/59)in the observation group and 5.00% (1/20)in the control group,the positive rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.01);the expression level of MMP-14 was correlated with the differentiation degree,regional lymph node metastasis degree,invasion depth,lymphatic invasion and TNM stage,which showing the statistical difference(P < 0.01);the expression of MMP-14 protein was up-regulated and showed the transferring trend from cytoplasm to cellular membrane along with the progres-sion of TNM stage.Conclusion The overexpression of MMP-14 protein exists in stomach carcinoma tissues,which contributing to the invasion and metastasis of stomach carcinoma cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib on proliferation , invasion and migration of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 and then determine the optimal concentration of cele-coxib and the most suitable application time .Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 was treated with diverse concentrations of celecoxib (20,60,100 μmol/L) for different durations (24,48,72 h).Cell prolifer-ation, invasion and migration capabilities were measured by MTT colorimetry , Transwell invasion assay , and scratch assay respectively .Results The proliferation capability of PANC-1 cell was reduced by celecoxib in a con-centration-and time-dependent manner ( P <0.05 ) .In addition , the invasion and migration capabilities were decreased by celecoxib in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.01).Conclusions Celecoxib attenuates the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 in a concentration-and time-dependent manner .Cele-coxib attenuates the invasion and migration in a concentration-dependent manner .

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of curcumin in pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods Smad4 and Jab1 expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues and pericarcinomatous tis?sue from 35 PC cases, and the correlation of Smad4 and Jab1 were analyzed based on the percentage of positive staining in?tissues from 21 random selected PC cases. The effect of curcumin on expressions of tumor suppressors p53, Smad4 and cell cycle inhibitor p27 were examined by Western Blotting after human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 were divided into PANC-1 control group (no treatments were given) and PANC-1 curcumin group (treated with cell culture medium containing 10μmol/L curcumin). The effect of curcumin on expressions of combination of β-TrCP1 and Smad4 was examined by Co-Immunoprecipitation after human embryonic kidney cell line 293T were divided into 293T control group (no treatments were given), 293T curcumin group (treated with cell culture medium containing 10μmol/L curcumin) and 293T Jab1 group (trans?fected by HA-Jab1 plasmid). Results Compared with expressions in pericarcinomatous tissues, Smad4 was down regulated while the expression of Jab1 was upregulated in PC tissues (P<0.01), and the expression of Smad4 was negatively correlated with the expression of Jab1 (n=21, r=-0.71, P=0.007). After treated with curcumin, the protein expression of p53, Smad4 and p27 was increased in PANC1 cell, and the protein expression of the combination ofβ-TrCP1 and Smad4 was decreased in 293T cell (P<0.05). After transfected by HA-Jab1 plasmid, the protein expression of the combination ofβ-TrCP1 and Smad4 was increased in 293T cell (P<0.05). Conclusion Curcumin may have suppression effect of PC through increasing the protein expression of p53, Smad4 and p27, and the mechanism of Smad4 upregulation may be related with the inhibition of Smad4 ubiquitination process, while Jab1 may be also involved in Smad4 degradation through ubiquitination.

Objective To investigate the correlation between deep vein thrombosis(DVT) and clinical laboratory tests in the regulation of hemostasis. Methods Endothelin-1 (ET-1), thrombomodulin (TM), P-selectin, prothrombin fragment _ 1+2 (F_ 1+2 ), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), thrombus precursor protein (TpP) and D-Dimer (D-D) were measured in DVT patients (n=72) and normal individuals (n=20) with ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy were evaluated for each of the items, and the area of the underlying receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC ) was used to appraise diagnostic efficiency. Results Except ET-1, there were significant differences between the DVT group and normal control group in the other items. The AUC ROC of P-selectin, F_ 1+2 , TpP and D-D was bigger than that of ET-1, TM and TAT (P0.05). The TpP had the highest sensitivity, NPV and accuracy, and the D-D had the highest specificity and PPV. Conclusion The increase of D-D and TpP could reflect the occurrence of continuous coagulation and fibrolysis respectively. Thus the combination of measuring TpP and D-D could provide better laboratory evidence for the diagnosis of patients with DVT.

Objective To determine the weight coefficient of the customer requirements of emergency infusion equipment.Methods Customer requirements were made clear using methods of literature research, personal interviews and expert meeting. Analytic hierarchy process approach was adopted to establish the hierarchical structure model, construct paired comparison matrix structure, calculate the weight coefficient and make logic consistency check.Results The weight coefficients were determined for 8 primary and 36 secondary customer requirements, which all met the logical consistency check (CR<0.1).Conclusion The research and development of emergency infusion equipment has to pay attention to such key requirements firstly as safety, efficacy and portability, and the intelligence has to be supported by the key requirements and intermediate needs.

Background and purpose:Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have good curative effect on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) will inevitably acquired drug resistance. It will effect the survival directly. In contrast, few studies have found that EGFR-TKI effectively acquired drug resistance in patients with clinical characteristics. We investigated clinical characteristics of NSCLC patients who experienced acquired drug resistance during geiftinib therapy. Methods:To review the treatment from the beneift of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. All of the data were obtained from Jan. 2007 to Jan. 2014 in Xinjiang tumor hospital. The treatment for failure of acquired drug resistance of clinical manifestations, time to progress (TTP) and post-progression survival (PPS) were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The total collection of 417 patients. Median TTP was 10.2 months (95%CI:9.5-10.9). The TTP of women adenocarcinoma patients who didn’t smoke signiifcantly extended. When acquired drug resistance happened, 63.3%of patients appeared worse symptoms. The progress of the disease is as follows:209 cases (58.4%) from the primary lesion, 137 cases (38.3%) before the transfer, 194 cases (54.2%) of new happened. Patients of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild type had more tendencies of symptomatic deterioration and new central nervous system (CNS) transfer than patients of EGFR mutation type. Patients of exon 19 deletion and L858R mutations on the new transfer were different (41.4%vs 6.3%, P=0.02). PPS was 8.9 months (95%CI:7.4-10.4). Smoking history, performance status (PS) score, new CNS lesions and the subsequent chemotherapy is independent factors of PPS. Conclusion:This study suggests that the clinical manifestations of acquired drug resistance according to EGFR mutation status and EGFR mutation genotype may be different. In addition, after the treatment of acquired drug resistance in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, the subsequent clinical beneift from chemotherapy are also associated with PPS.

Objective To establish a method for the chiral separation and determination of S-isomer in epinephrine hydrochloride injection by HPLC with chiral mobile phase additives. Methods Column of Purospher? STAR RP-18 (4. 6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-10 mmol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer containing 10 mmol·L-1 sulfobutylether-b-cyclodextrin (pH adjusted to 3. 0 with phosphoric acid) (98. 5:1. 5), detection wavelength was 280 nm, the flow rate was 0. 8 mL·min-1 , and the column temperature was 30 ℃ . Results Good linear relationship was established between the peak area and the concentration of S-isomer over the range of 5. 02-1501. 50 μg·mL-1 (R2 =0. 999 7). The detection limit was 0. 05 μg·mL-1 . Conclusion The proposed method shows high repeatability and durability. It can be employed for the quality control of S-isomer in epinephrine hydrochloride injection.