Objective:To evaluate the effects of propofol on glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78)-activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4)-CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway during apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.Methods:MGC-803 cells were cultured to the logarithmic phase and divided into 2 groups ( n=15 each) using the random number table method: control group (group C) and propofol group (group P). The cells in group C were cultured under normal conditions of 37 ℃ and 5% CO 2. In group P, propofol (final concentration 5 μg/ml) was added when the cells were attached to the wall and grown to 70%-90% confluence.At 24 h after propofol was added, the apoptosis rate of cells was determined by flow cytometry, the expression of GRP78, ATF4 and CHOP mRNA was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of GRP78, ATF4 and CHOP was determined by Wester blot, respectively. Results:Compared with group C, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and expression of GRP78, ATF4, CHOP and its mRNA was up-regulated in group P ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which propofol accelerates apoptosis is related to activating GRP78-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells.

Objective To explore the effect of electromyogram-triggered neuromusclar stimulation (ETNS) on motor function of upper limbs of stroke patients. Methods 45 stroke patients from July, 2011 to December, 2012 in China Rehabilitation Research Center were randomly divided into control group (n=15), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group (n=15) and ETNS group (n=15). 3 groups were given routine medication and rehabilitation treatment. They were assessed with the largest surface electromyography (sEMG), Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function (STEF), and modified Barthel Index before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the range of sEMG of extension carpi radialis and STEF improved in three groups (P<0.05). NMES group and ETNS group were better than the control group (P<0.05), and ETNS group was better than NMES group (P<0.05). The scores of modified Barthel Index rose (P<0.05), NMES group and ETNS group were better than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Both NMES and ETNS can improve the motor recovery of upper limbs after stroke, and ETNS is more effective.

Acinetobacter Infections ; microbiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Anthracosis ; microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Fosfomycin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Imipenem ; pharmacology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; microbiology

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of intrathecal magnesium on bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice.Methods Two hundred and eighty-eight male C3H/HeJ mice,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 18-22 g,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =48 each):control group (group C) ; sham operation group (group S) ; BCP + artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (aCSF) 5 μl group (group BCP) ; BCP + MgSO4 14.4 μg group (group M1 ) ; BCP + MgSO4 43.2 μg group (group M2 ) and BCP + MgSO4 86.4 μg group (group M3 ).BCP was produced by injecting fibrosarcoma cells of bone into the medullary cavity of right femur.Intrathecal catheter was placed in the 4 BCP groups.The aCSF 5 μl or MgSO4 14.4μg/5 μl,43.2 μg/5 μl,or 86.4μg/5 μl was injected intrathecally on 14th day after inoculation of tumor cells.The paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli (PWMT) and paw withdrawal lateney to thermal stimuli (PWTL) were measured at 0.5 h before administration (T0 ) and at 0.5,2,4 and 8 h after administration (T1-4).Eight animals chosen from each group at T0-4 were sacrificed,and L4-5 segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of NR2B expression (by immuno-flurorescence) in the spinal cord.Results PWMT and PWTL were significantly decreased at T0-4,and NR2B expression was significantly up-regulated at T0-4 in groups BCP,M1,M2,M3 compared with groups C and S ( P ＜0.05).Compared with group BCP,PWMT and PWTL were significandy increased at T1-3,and NR2B expression was significantly down-regulated at T1-3 in groups M2 and M3 ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M2,PWMT and PWTL were significantly increased at T1-3,and NR2B expression was significantly down-regulated at T1-3 in group M3 ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal magnesium can reduce BCP in a dose-dependent manner in mice.

Objective To investigate the role of IL-6 in the co-cultivation system of porcine hepatocytes with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro.Methods Mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrow aspirate of swines (n = 3) by 1.077 g/ml density gradient centrifugation.MSCs of passage 3 and primary hepatocytes harvested by a two-step in situ collagenase perfusion technique were inoculated in Millicell culture inserts at a seeding ratio of 1:2,and functional changes of heterotypic interactions were characterized.Levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and TGF-α were measured respectively.Results Hepatocyte viability was greater than 95%.Hepatocyte performance levels such as albumin secretion and urea synthesis were all significantly enhanced in co-culture group compared with hepatocyte homo-culture (P＜0.05).The IL-6 level also significantly increased in co-culture group (P ＜ 0.01).A significant decrease of hepatic functions was observed upon neutralization of IL-6 in co-culture.Conclusion MSC-derived IL-6 plays a key role in the up-regulation of hepatocyte functions in this co-culture.

Objective To establish porcine hepatocyte co-culture system with bone marrow mes-enchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro for the ideal cell source of bioartificial liver. Methods Mononu-clear cells were isolated from bone marrow aspirate extracted from the anterior superior lilac spine of swines (n=3) by 1.077 g/ml density gradient centrifugation. MSCs of passage 3 and primary hepato-cytes harvested by a two-step in situ collagenase perfusion technique were randomly distributed, and the morphological and functional changes of heterotypic interactions were characterized. Results The purity of the third passage MSCs and primary hepatoeytes was more than 90 % and 99%, respectively.Hepatocyte viability was greater than 95 %. A rapid attachment and self-organization of three-dimen-sional hepatocyte spheroids were encouraged in co-culture. Heterotypic junctions remained similar to that of hepatocytes in vivo. Hepatocyte performance levels such as albumin secretion and urea synthe-sis were all significantly enhanced in co-culture group compared with hepatocyte homo-culture (P<0.05). The best hepatic function levels were achieved on day 2 and moderately decreased in the following co-culture days. Conclusion Co-cultivation of porcine hepatocytes and MSCs may preserve hepatocyte morphology and function, which could contribute to the functional bioartificial liver.

Objective To evaluate the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ) in cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic pain in rats.Methods The experiment was performed in 2 parts.In experiment Ⅰ,24 pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),m-AIP injected before sham operation group (group M-S),chronic sciatic nerve injury group (group N-C),and m-AIP injected before chronic constriction injury (CCI) group (group M-C).The sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated.Chronic pain was induced by CCI in N-C and M-C groups.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 1％ pentobarbital sodium.The sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals.Normal saline 20 μ1 and m-AIP 20 μ/ were injected intrathecally at 15 min before sham operation in S and M-S groups,respectively,and at 15 min before CCI in N-C and M-C groups,respectively.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured before CCI and on 4,7,10,14,17,21 and 28 days after CCI.Step-through latency (STL) was measured before CCI and on 7,14,21 and 28 days after CCI.In experiment Ⅱ,18 pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:m-AIP injected after sham operation group (group C-N),control after CCI group (group C-N) and m-AIP injected after CCI group (group C-M).Group S-M received intrathecal injection of m-AIP 20 μl at 7 days after sham operation.Normal saline 20 μl and m-AIP 20 μ/ were injected intrathecally at 7 days after CCI in C-N and C-M groups,respectively.MWT,TWL and STL were measured before administration and at 2,4 and 8 h after administration.Results In experiment Ⅰ,compared with group S,MWT was significantly decreased at each time point after CCI,TWL was shortened at each time point after CCI and STL was shortened on 7,14 and 21 days after CCI in N-C group,and MWT was significandy decreased at each time point,TWL was shortened at each time point,and STL was shortened on 14 and 21 days after CCI in group M-C.Compared with group N-C,MWT was significantly increased on 4,7 and 10 days after CCI,TWL was prolonged on 4 and 7 days after CCI,and STL was prolonged on 7 days after CCI in group M-C.In experiment Ⅱ,compared with group S-M,MWT was significantly decreased,and TWL and STL were shortened at each time point after administration in C-N group,and TWL at 8 h after administration and STL at each time point after administration were shortened,MWT was decreased at 8 h after administration,and no significant change was found in MWT and TWL at 2 and 4 h after administration in group C-M Compared with group C-N,MWT was significantly increased,and TWL was prolonged at 2 and 4 h after administration,and no significant change was found in STL at each time point after administration in group C-M.Conclusion CaMK Ⅱ is involved in the development of cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic pain in rats.

Objective:we aim to determine the relationship between Cell sarcoma (c-Src) expression in patients with EOC and the disease phenotype.Methods:c-Src expression was evaluated using Western blotting analysis in 21 ovarian carcinomas and 4 normal ovarian tissues.Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate c-Src expression in 134 ovarian carcinomas and 26 normal ovarian tissues.The association between c-Src expression and clinically pathologic characteristics were also assessed in these patients.Results:Our results indicated elevated c-Src protein in EOCs compared with that in normal tissues.The overexpression of c-Src was significantly associated with aggressive features,such as advanced disease stage,poor histological grade,lymph node metastasis,and tumor recurrence (P＜0.05).In addition,the overexpression ofc-Src is significantly associated with EOCs' prognosis.Conclusion:c-Src overexpression was significantly associated with the malignant biological behavior of tumor,suggesting c-Src as a potential preventive target in these patients.

Described in this paper are the significance of medical information collection, selection principles for medical information resources and common strategies for medical information collection, methods of collecting elec-tronic medical information resources, practical techniques of collecting common medical knowledge, and the whole collection process of medical information.

Objective:To compare the leaf open time (LOT) parameters and γ passing rates between the 4.0.4 and 4.2.3 helix Tomotherapy planning systems and evaluate the improvement.Methods:Retrospective comparison of the treatment plans of 345 cases selected by 4.0.4 and 4.2.3 versions was performed. The Machine Specific Sinogram of each plan was extracted from the archived plan file to calculate the LOT. The evaluated LOT parameters included the projection time, the maximum LOT, the mean non-zeros time, the time difference between the projection time and the maximum LOT, the relative count of leaves with LOT greater than maximum LOT minus 5 ms, the relative count of leaves with LOT lower than 100 ms and the beam on time. The γ passing rate (criteria: 3 mm/3%, 10% threshold and global error) and the LOT parameters between two version systems were evaluated with the independent t-test. The relationship between the LOT parameters and γ passing rate was analyzed by the multiple linear regression method. Results:The γ passing rate of the Ver 4.0.4 system was 97.86%, significantly lower than 98.6% of the Ver 4.2.3 system ( P<0.001). The time gap between the projection time and the maximum LOT of the Ver 4.2.3 system was significantly less than that of the Ver 4.0.4 system (1 ms vs. 11 ms, P<0.001). For the Ver 4.0.4 system, the multiple linear regression method showed that the maximum LOT ratio and the beam on time were negatively correlated with the γ passing rate (both P<0.001). However, for the Ver 4.2.3 system, only the beam on time showed a negative correlation with the γ passing rate ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The γ passing rate of the Ver 4.2.3 system is significantly higher than that of the Ver 4.0.4 system. The decrease of γ passing rate caused by the leaves near the maximum LOT is properly resolved in the new version system.