No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Growth Disorders*

Background and Objective: Food security is achieved when the population at all times has access to safe, sufficient, and nutritious food to sustain a healthy and active life. This study aimed to determine the significant association between household food security and the prevalence of stunting among preschool children in Occidental Mindoro.

Methods: This study utilized a cross- sectional study design and a three-level, multi-stage, stratified random sampling to answer the study objectives. A total of 480 preschool children (n=240 urban; n= 240 rural) were included in the study. The Radimer-Cornell Tool was used to determine the food security status of the household. A validated- constructed questionnaire was used to determine other factors which were controlled in this study. Multiple Logistic Regression was used to determine significant association between the exposure and the outcome variable while controlling the confounding variable simultaneously.

Results: This study revealed that the prevalence of food insecurity in the province was 51.04% (95% CI: 46.55, 55.53) while the prevalence of stunting was 36.04% (95%CI: 31.73, 40.35). Meanwhile, after controlling the confounding effect of household income and low dietary diversity score it was found that the odds of having a stunted child were 23 times higher among food insecure households (OR: 23.00, 95%CI: 12.05, 43.91).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the magnitude of household food insecurity and stunting were
found to be very high in the study areas. There was a significant association between household food security
and stunting among preschool children.

Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is a serious public health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Based on RISKESDAS 2018, the prevalence of stunting aged 13-15 years in Takalar Regency is 24.83%. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting and the determinants of stunting in adolescent girls aged 13-15 years in the South Galesong District, Takalar Regency. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using purposive sampling method that included 247 adolescent girls in selected junior high schools. Data collection used questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. An anthropometric measurement was converted to the indices of nutritional status using World Health Organization Anthro Plus software. Results: The prevalence of stunting was 25.1%. Bivariate analysis showed determinant factors related significantly to stunting were energy intake (p<0.001), protein intake (p<0.001), iron intake (p<0.005), and zinc intake (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed determinant factors related significantly to stunting were zinc intake (p<0.001, OR=7.993), protein intake (p<0.05, OR=2.248), and knowledge level (p<0.05, OR=2.032). Conclusion The occurrence of stunting is related to the quality and quantity of food and the level of adolescent knowledge about balanced nutrition. It is necessary to hold educational programs and interventions on improving nutrition initiated by stakeholders and the department of health, in this case, the health center is needed to reduce stunting rates, especially among adolescents.
Malnutrition ; Growth Disorders ; Adolescent

No abstract available.
Growth Disorders* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins* ; Somatomedins*

Child ; Humans ; Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use* ; Growth Disorders/therapy*

Infant ; Humans ; Failure to Thrive ; Body Weight ; Growth Disorders/therapy*

染色质许可和DNA复制因子1（Cdt1）是复制起始许可的主要调控因子，也是组成复制前复合物的核心成员。细胞通过依赖Cdt1的波动水平，且在每个周期中通过调节其总量以确保DNA仅复制一次。Cdt1功能缺陷会造成DNA过度复制，最终导致基因组不稳定。虽然酵母中cdt1和人类Meier-Gorlin综合征（MGS）患者中的CDT1已被广泛研究，但缺乏脊椎动物模型。我们发现在硬骨鱼类分支的几个鲤形目物种（包括斑马鱼）中，Cdt1蛋白在其N末端插入一段其他脊椎动物中没有的独特无序序列。通过分析在cdt1基因中携带移码缺失的遗传性斑马鱼突变体（命名为cdt1^zju1 ），我们发现突变胚胎虽然几乎无任何早期胚胎表型异常，但成年突变斑马鱼却表现出侏儒症、生存能力降低的症状，以及性腺发育不全且不育。此外，我们同样发现除转录本cdt1-201外，斑马鱼还存在第二个cdt1转录本——cdt1-202，它是通过跳过外显子2产生，这在其他生物中暂无报道。有意思的是cdt1-202在cdt1-201纯合突变体中显著上调。上述研究结果表明，cdt1-202转录本可能可以补偿cdt1-201在早期发育过程中的功能损失，但不能补偿后期生长，这可支持斑马鱼作为研究人类MGS的遗传模型。
Animals ; Humans ; Zebrafish ; Growth Disorders ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Gonads

Growth is a potent indicator of child health. The child who grows well is generally healthy, and poor growth reflects his or her ill health. Identification of poor growth acts as a useful early warning of a possible problem. Monitoring children's growth status with appropriate assessments is an important part of pediatrics, and the recognition of growth problems in children is one of the major challenges facing primary care physicians. The process of growth assessment involves measurements of height and/or weight, and sometimes also involves more specialized measurements that are plotted on standard growth charts. In order to identify pathologic growth, a careful history and physical examination should also be obtained. The purpose of this article is to provide information for primary care physicians to guide the assessment of growth in children. Tools to assist in the assessment of growth are discussed as well as normal growth patterns of children.
Child ; Child Health ; Growth Charts ; Growth Disorders ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; Physical Examination ; Physicians, Primary Care

PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics and responses to growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with attenuated growth who showed normal GH responses to GH stimulation tests (GHST). METHODS: The study included 39 patients with height velocity (HV) of less than 4 cm/yr and normal GHST results. Clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Eleven were born as small for gestational age (SGA) and 28 as appropriate for age (AGA). In the SGA group, the standard deviation score (SDS) of age and height measured at their first visit was significantly low. Sixteen patients were treated with GH and six of 23 without GH therapy were followed for 1 year after GHST. The mean (range) of HV was 7.7 (4.9 to 11.1) cm/yr in patients with GH therapy and 3.7 (2.7 to 4.5) cm/yr in those without GH therapy, which was statistically significant (P<0.001). In the GH-treated group, HV and difference in height SDS during the treatment increased significantly (P<0.001; P<0.001, respectively). HV increased after 1 year of GH therapy in the SGA and AGA groups (SGA, P=0.043; AGA, P=0.003). The level of Insulin-like growth factor-I was significantly lower in GH-treated patients with height SDS <-3 than those with > or =3 (P=0.023). CONCLUSION: In children with growth failure and normal GHST, HV increases significantly by short-term GH therapy. The assessment of long-term effects of GH therapy is necessary. Moreover, further studies should be considered to evaluate the GH-IGF-I axis due to the possibility of GH insensitivity syndrome.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Child ; Gestational Age ; Growth Disorders ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Laron Syndrome ; Retrospective Studies

Faltering linear growth is commonly encountered in children with intestinal inflammation. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are important regulators of postnatal longitudinal bone growth. Inhibition of GH/IGF axis will result in growth failure in young children. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) abnormally increase in children with intestinal inflammation, and may affect linear growth both systemically and locally at the level of the growth plate though disturbing the GH/IGF axis.
Bone Development ; Cytokines ; physiology ; Enteritis ; complications ; Growth Disorders ; etiology ; Human Growth Hormone ; physiology ; Humans ; Somatomedins ; physiology