Aged ; CD59 Antigens ; immunology ; Female ; Granulocytes ; immunology ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; pathology

In order to assess changes in the activity of immunecompetency present in Crassostrea gigas infected with Marteilioides chungmuensis (Protozoa), the total hemocyte counts (THC), hemocyte populations, hemocyte viability, and phagocytosis rate were measured in oysters using flow cytometry. THC were increased significantly in oysters infected with M. chungmuensis relative to the healthy appearing oysters (HAO) (P<0.05). Among the total hemocyte composition, granulocyte levels were significantly increased in infected oysters as compared with HAO (P<0.05). In addition, the hyalinocyte was reduced significantly (P<0.05). The hemocyte viability did not differ between infected oysters and HAO. However, the phagocytosis rate was significantly higher in infected oysters relative to HAO (P<0.05). The measurement of alterations in the activity of immunecompetency in oysters, which was conducted via flow cytometry in this study, might be a useful biomarker of the defense system for evaluating the effects of ovarian parasites of C. gigas.
Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Survival ; Cercozoa/*immunology/*pathogenicity ; Crassostrea/*immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Granulocytes/immunology ; Hemocytes/immunology ; Phagocytosis

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure disease caused by abnormal activation of T lymphocytes, resulting in the apoptosis of hematopoietic cells and bone marrow failure. Currently, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), immunosuppressive - therapy (IST), and supportive care (e.g. transfusion adjuvant therapy, hematopoietic growth factors, and prevention of infection) are the main treatments of AA. Granulocyte transfusion has recently been accepted as an useful adjuvant therapy of HSCT and intensive IST. This article reported a severe AA patient who failed to respond to IST, but achieved spontaneous remission three times after granulocyte transfusions from related donors. Such cases have rarely been reported. Existence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cross between the patient and his relatives may influence the T cell-mediated immunity, which might explain this patient's recovery.
Adult ; Anemia, Aplastic ; immunology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Granulocytes ; transplantation ; Humans ; Leukocyte Transfusion ; Male ; Remission, Spontaneous

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between simian acquired immunodeficiency syndromn (SAIDS) and autoimmunity in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys.

METHODSIndirect immunofluorescence assays were performed to detect plasma or serum autoantibodies in SIV-infected monkeys. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and lymph node of BALB/c mice, a strain of endothelial cell ECV304, and granulocytes were used as target antigens. These results were compared with HE stained slides of SIV-infected monkeys.

RESULTSThe levels of various autoantibodies, including anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies, anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies, and anti-granulocyte antibodies, increased after SIV infection in monkeys. Moreover, pathological examinations showed injuries in the lymphoid tissue and vascular pathological changes in cerebral cortex, submucosa of gastrointestinal tract, interstitial capillaries of myocardium, nephron of the kidney, and sinusoid cell of liver.

CONCLUSIONThe increased autoantibodies and the pathological changes of tissues and organs confirm the existence of autoimmunity in SIV-infected monkeys.

Animals ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Autoimmunity ; Endothelial Cells ; immunology ; Granulocytes ; immunology ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; immunology ; pathology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAN) is a disease that can cause severe and prolonged neutropenia in neonates. However, no report is available on the incidence of granulocyte antibody in neonates, the target antigen of this antibody, and the estimated incidence of NAN in Korea. Among a total of 856 neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a five year period, a total of 105 neonates with neutropenia were enrolled in this study. Positive reactions were observed in the sera of six neonates (5.7%, 6/105) by mixed passive hemagglutination assay (MPHA). To confirm the presence of NAN, MPHA and granulocyte antigen typing (HNA-1a, -1b, -2a, -4a, and -5a) were performed on neonatal and maternal blood. To differentiate granulocyte antibody and HLA antibody, MPHA was also performed using HLA antibody adsorbed serum. We confirmed three cases (2.9%, 3/105) of NAN among neonates with neutropenia in which granulocyte antibody specificities (two anti-HNA-1b and one anti-HNA-1a) and fetomaternal granulocyte antigen mismatches were identified. In this study, the estimated incidence of NAN was 0.35% (3/856) among neonates admitted to NICUs in Korea.
Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Neutropenia/blood/diagnosis/*immunology ; Korea ; Isoantigens/genetics/immunology ; Isoantibodies/*immunology ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Hemagglutination Tests ; HLA Antigens/immunology ; Granulocytes/*immunology ; Genotype ; Antibody Specificity/immunology

The aim of this research is to prepare a novel monoclonal antibody against granulocytes by the intraperitional routine procedure and evaluate the usefulness of (99)Tc(m) labelled anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibody (McAb) SZ-102 for the detection of experimental inflammatory areas in rabbits. It was characterized as IgG1 subclass by the double immunodiffusion analysis. The flow cytometry demonstrated that SZ-102 reacted selectively with human granulocytes, monocytes, and with their bone marrow precursors, while human lymphocytes, red blood cells and platelets remained negative. In addition, SZ-102 antigen was expressed on the macrophages of liver, lung, thymus, spleen and lymph node by immunohistochemical SP methods. It is suggested that McAb SZ-102 is mainly against granulocytes. SZ-102 was labelled with (99)Tc(m) using 2-iminothiolane modification McAb and (99)Tc(m) -glucoheptonate (GH) transchelation method. The experimental rabbit model of inflammatory areas was prepared,through injecting with (99)Tc(m)-SZ-102 by ear-edge vein, and then imaged by SPECT. (99)Tc(m) labelled murine IgG was used as a negative control. The inflammatory areas in rabbits were clearly imaged at 2 to 4 hour after injection of (99)Tc(m)-SZ-102, while the control group after injection of (99)Tc(m)-labeled murine IgG was negative. In conclusion, the McAb SZ-102 may be a potential agent for the diagnosis and localization of inflammatory areas of carcinomas and clinically concealed infectious diseases.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Flow Cytometry ; Granulocytes ; immunology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; diagnostic imaging ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rabbits ; Radioimmunodetection ; Technetium

Leukocyte differentiation antigens (LDAs) play important roles in the immune system, by serving as surface markers and participating in multiple biological activities, such as recognizing pathogens, mediating membrane signals, interacting with other cells or systems, and regulating cell differentiation and activation. Data mining is a powerful tool used to identify novel LDAs from whole genome. LRRC25 (leucine rich repeat-containing 25) was predicted to have a role in the function of myeloid cells by a large-scale "omics" data analysis. Further experimental validation showed that LRRC25 is highly expressed in primary myeloid cells, such as granulocytes and monocytes, and lowly/intermediately expressed in B cells, but not in T cells and almost all NK cells. It was down-regulated in multiple acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and bone marrow cells of AML patients and up-regulated after all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-mediated granulocytic differentiation in AML cell lines and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL; AML-M3, FAB classification) cells. Localization analysis showed that LRRC25 is a type I transmembrane molecule. Although ectopic LRRC25 did not promote spontaneous differentiation of NB4 cells, knockdown of LRRC25 by siRNA or shRNA and knockout of LRRC25 by the CRISPR-Cas9 system attenuated ATRA-induced terminal granulocytic differentiation, and restoration of LRRC25 in knockout cells could rescue ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation. Therefore, LRRC25, a potential leukocyte differentiation antigen, is a key regulator of ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation.
Antigens, Differentiation ; immunology ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Granulocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of CD4, CD69, CD34, RANTES, IL-5 and IL-8 in nasal polyp tissues, and study their roles in the formation of nasal polyp. METHOD: The expression of CD4, CD69, CD34, RANTES, IL-5 and IL-8 were detected by immunohistochemical method and image analysis in 34 cases of nasal polyps and 30 cases of nasal concha mucosa (LNT). RESULT: The positive rate of glandular organ hyperplasia, formation of beaker cell, fiber hyperplasia, interstitial edema and infiltration of lymphocyte and eosinophilic granulocyte in nasal polyps were significantly higher than those in nasal concha mucosa (P<0.01). The cell density (piece/mm2) of CD4+, CD69+, IL-5, IL-8, RANTES in 34 nasal polyps was significantly higher than those in nasal concha mucosa (P<0.05). Marked positive correlations were found between expression of CD4, CD69 and RANTES, IL-5 and IL-8 (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.05), expression of IL-5 and RANTES and infiltration level of eosinophilic granulocyte (P<0.05 and P<0.01), and expression of IL-8 and vaso formation on nasal polyps tissue (P<0.01). CONCLUSION T lymphocytes and correlated cytokines participate in the immunopathogenesis of nasal polyps; IL-5 and RANTES can prompt the infiltration, the aggregation and the activation of eosinophilic granulocytes; IL-8 can promote the vaso formation in nasal polyps.
Chemokine CCL5 ; metabolism ; Female ; Granulocytes ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Mucosa ; immunology ; metabolism ; Nasal Polyps ; immunology ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

Conglutinin is a high molecular-weight lectin originally detected in bovine serum. It belongs to the family of collectins that bind sugar residues in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and are effector molecules in innate immunity. Conglutinin appears to play an important role in immune defense mechanisms, showing antiviral and antibacterial activities when tested in vivo and in vitro. The present study evaluated the effect of conglutinin on the respiratory bursts in bovine peripheral phagocytes. Using nitroblue tetrazolium and hydrogen peroxide assays, we showed that sugar ligand-bound conglutinin stimulated the production of superoxide and H2O2 in granulocytes whereas the non-sugar-bound form of conglutinin inhibited these processes. These results indicate that both forms of conglutinin are able to interact with surface leukocyte receptors but have opposite effects on phagocytic activity. Our findings suggest that conglutinin bound to sugar residues on microbial surfaces can induce oxygen burst in phagocytes, and thereby mediates the elimination of pathogens and prevents the spread of infection.
Animals ; Cattle/*immunology ; Collectins/*pharmacology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Female ; Granulocytes/*drug effects/immunology ; Hydrogen Peroxide/immunology ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects/immunology ; Phagocytosis/immunology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*immunology ; Respiratory Burst/*drug effects/immunology ; Serum Globulins/*pharmacology ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Superoxides/immunology

To evaluated the feasibility of preventing infection after high dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy using the granulocytes derived from differentiated from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells ex vivo, human CD34-positive cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood by using a high-gradient magnetic cell sorting system (MACS), and the cells committedly differentiated with hematopoietic cytokines (SCF + IL-3 + IL-6 + G-CSF) in a liquid culture system. The expanded cell number, ratio of the viable cells, chromosome and phenotype of the differentiated cells and safety analysis of expanded cells were detected by using cell count, trypan blue exclusion test, karyotype analysis, flow cytometry and tumorigenic model of nude mice, respectively. The results showed that the combination of cytokines increased cell number by (1006.4 +/- 103.2) folds and flow cytometric analysis showed myeloid marker CD11b expressed in the about 60% cells. The growth peak of differentiated cells was at 14 days of culture and decreased at about 33 days. No abnormality was found in the karyotype analysis of expanded cells. No tumor was found in the nude mice injected with expanded cells after 35 days and the expanded cells had the ability of phagocytizing bacteria. It is concluded that the cells, differentiated from CD34(+) cells, expanded ex vivo possess the function of granulocyte and it was safe for clinical trial.
Animals ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Cell Differentiation ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Granulocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phagocytosis