OBJECTIVETo review the distribution and trends of bacterial culture specimens in Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of the bacterial culture-positive rate, the distribution of gram' s stain, and the distribution and change of isolates was performed on 4705 specimens during a 10-year period (1989- 1998).

RESULTSPositive cultures numbered 1339 of the 4705 specimens, with a positive rate of 28.6%. Gram-positive cocci constituted 55.6% of the total isolates, followed by gram-positive bacilli 13.1% . Gram-negative cocci accounted for 2.8%, and gram-negative bacilli 28.5% . In the positive bacteria cultures, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (mainly Staphylococcous epidermidis) was the most common isolate (25.3%), and followed by Pseudomonas 18.8%, Micrococcus 11.7%, Cotynbaccterium 10.1%, and Staphylococcus aureus 8.2% . During the 10-year period, the overall frequency of gram-positive cocci appeared to increase with time while the frequency of gram-negative bacilli decreased.

CONCLUSIONSGram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli are still the predominant pathogens of ocular infection in northern China. The frequency of the former increases annually whereas that of the latter decreases. It is important to comprehend the distribution and trends of ocular pathogenic bacteria for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of bacterial infectious ocular disease.

Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; China ; Eye Infections, Bacterial ; etiology ; microbiology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors

Bacteriolysis ; physiology ; Bacteriophages ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; England ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; virology ; Humans ; International Cooperation

Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Food Microbiology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Integrons ; Japan ; Seafood ; microbiology

OBJECTIVE: To study whether there are differences in the bacteria distribution from the nasal cavity of the healthy children, teenagers and adults METHOD: The cotton swab specimens were taken from the nasal cavity of the healthy children, teenagers and adults for aerobic culture training. RESULT: Corynebacterium, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Neisseria, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus and gram-negative bacillus with, six species of bacteria in total, were cultivated from the nasal cavity of 40 healthy children. The positive rate of bacterial culture was 80.0%; Corynebacterium, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were cultivated from the nasal cavity of 40 healthy teenagers and 56 healthy adults with the positive rate of bacterial culture was 90.0% from the healthy teenagers group and was 92.9% from the healthy adults group. CONCLUSION There were obvious difference between the nasal cavity of the healthy children and adults with no obvious difference between the bacteria distribution from the nasal cavity of healthy teenagers and adults.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; microbiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVENanobacteria, a new kind of bacteria found by a Finnish scholar, is considered to relate to many human diseases like nephrolithiasis. However, there are no data available on nanobacteria infection in Chinese people.

METHODSNanobacteria was detected in serum of 336 cases of healthy adults in Southern China by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry stain. The monoclonal antibody of nanobacterum was supplied by Kuipio University of Finland.

RESULTSNanobacteria infection rates were 27 (8.0%), 19 (5.7%) in the healthy adults by ELISA and immunohistochemistry stain respectively. No difference was shown between the 2 methods and between male and female, statistically. Age and sex did not seem to be related to the infectious risk of nanobacteria. However, the infectious rate was lower in those below 30-year-old than that of people over 60-year-old (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNanobacteria was existed in the serum of Chinese healthy people with an infectious rate of 8.0%.

Adult ; Arteriosclerosis ; microbiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections ; blood ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Calculi ; microbiology ; Male

We report a case of an infected pneumatocele in the course of anaerobic pneumonia in an adult. To the best of our knowledge, anaerobic pneumonia complicated by a pneumatocele in an adult has not previously been described. The pneumatocele occurred on the fifth day of hospitalization, and rapidly increased in size, with the development of a subsequent mixed anaerobe infection. A pig-tail catheter was inserted and the pus drained. The bacterial culture from the pus was positive for three anaerobes: Bacteroid species, Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus and Fusobacterium species. Intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous catheter drainage resulted in a successful treatment.
Pneumonia, Bacterial/*complications/microbiology ; Pneumocephalus/*complications/microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Humans ; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the risk factors for neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and the changes of isolated pathogens in the last eight years.

METHODSThe clinical data of 230 neonates who were admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and received mechanical ventilation for equal to or longer than 48 hrs in 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The isolated pathogens were compared with those of eight years ago.

RESULTSThe incidence of VAP (25.2%) in the year 2008 was lower than that of eight years ago (36.1%; P<0.05). The development of VAP was negatively correlated with the gestational age and the birth weight, but positively correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation, intubation times, duration of hospitalization, presence of gastrointestinal bleeding and need for blood products transfusion. The main isolated pathogens were opportunistic antibiotics resistant bacteria, and the majority was gram negative bacilli (77%). The most frequently detected gram negative bacilli were Klebsiella (20%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (18%) and Acinetobacter (13%). Streptococcus mitis was the most frequently detected gram positive bacilli (14%). The distribution pattern of pathogens isolated in the same NICU eight years ago was somewhat different: Klebsiella (23%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%), Acinetobacter (16%), Streptococcus mitis (11%), Fungi (1%) and Candida albicans (1%).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of VAP is correlated with gestational age, birth weight, duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization, intubation times, presence of gastrointestinal bleeding and need for blood products transfusion. The main isolated pathogens are usually antibiotic resistant opportunistic bacteria. The detection rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia increased and that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased when compared with eight years ago.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; Risk Factors

This study aims at trying to establish a novel method of sterility test for injections based on biothermodynamics, in order to overcome the deficiencies of routine sterility tests such as long detecting cycle, low sensitivity and prone to misjudgments. A biothermodynamics method was adopted to rapidly detect the microorganism contamination of injections by monitoring the heat metabolism during the growth of microbe. The growth rate equal to or greater than zero and the heat power difference of P(i) and P(0) with three folds higher than the noise of baseline were chosen as indexes to study the heat change rule of microbe. In this way, the effectiveness of the new method to detect strains required by conventional sterility test or in injection samples was also investigated. Results showed that the Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi demanded by sterility testing methodology could be detected by biothermodynamics method within 10 hours, with the sensitivity lower than 100 CFU x mL(-1). Meanwhile, this method was successfully applied to the sterility test of Compound Yinchen injection (FFYC), Shuanghuanglian powder injection (SHL) and Compound Triamcinolone injection (TAND) which were sterilized with different degrees. Therefore, the biothermodynamics method, with advantages of fast detection and high sensitivity, could be a complementary solution for conventional sterility tests.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fungi ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Injections ; Microbiological Techniques ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sterilization ; Triamcinolone ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

The objective of this study was to investigate clinical distribution characteristics and drug sensitivity of infection pathogens in hematology department wards of our hospital during recent two years. The isolation and cultivation of pathogens from samples were performed by routine methods. Drug sensitivity tests of bacteria were performed by Kirby-Bauer method. Drug sensitivity tests of fungi were performed by ATBFUNGUS Drug sensitivity strips. The results showed that 102 strains of pathogens were isolated from all detected samples. The composition ratio of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi was 42.2%, 34.3%, 3.5%, respectively. 58.8% of pathogens were isolated from samples of malignant hematopathy patients. 27.5% were isolated from samples of the patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO). 51.0% of pathogens were isolated from samples of the patients who suffered from agranulocytosis or leucocytopenia. Isolated fungi were mostly sensitive to anti-fungal drugs. G+ bacteria were most sensitive to vancomycin. G- bacteria were most sensitive to imipenem. Most bacteria were resistant to multiple antibiotics. It is concluded that the infection in hematology department wards was related with many conditions, such as weakened resistance of patients, leucocytopenia or agranulocytosis, tumor loading, etc. The prompt microbiological examination and drug sensitivity tests are important to rationally select antibiotics, reduce infection incidence and mortality rate, and decrease the occurrence of drug resistant strains.
Cross Infection ; microbiology ; Fungi ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Hematologic Diseases ; microbiology ; Humans ; Imipenem ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Vancomycin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bacterial distribution and resistance to antibiotics in culture-positive urine, and to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics in clinical practice. METHODS: Distribution and antibiotic resistance to pathogens in 658 culture-positive patients from Jan. 1, 2007 to Dec. 31, 2008 were analyzed. RESULTS: (1)Pathogenic strains from the 658 patients were collected from the urine specimen in the survey, which included Gram-negative bacilli (70.82%), Gram-positive cocci (26.14%) and fungi (3.04%). The distribution rate of Escherichia coli declined from 68.91% in 2008 to 63.43% in 2007 (P>0.05), and Enterococcus rose from 3.37% to 7.67% (P>0.05), but the difference was not significant. The proportion of Gram-negative bacilli (especially the E.coli) from patients in the Emergency Department and Out-patient Department was higher than that from in-patients, and the proportion of K. pneumonia and Gram-positive bacteria was lower than in-patients, both with significant differences (P<0.05). (2) The resistance rate of E. coli and K. pneumonia to quinolones was 28.57%-56.25%, and the resistance rate to 3rd generation cephalosporin was 38.78%-65.78%, respectively. The resistance rate of Gram-positive cocci to quinolones and 3rd generation cephalosporin was both higher than 50%, and was 11.05% to Vancomycin. CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacilli such as E. coli and K. pneumonia are predominant organism in the urinary tract infections, but proportion of Gram-positive bacteria has increased in recent years. Attention needs to be paid to the overall and severe bacterial resistance in the urinary tract infections and rational use of antibiotics.
Adult ; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Urine ; microbiology