OBJECTIVETo study the effects of excessive fluoride on type I collagen in rat developmental dentine.

METHODSEighty SD rats, 5 days old, were divided into experimental and control groups, 40 in each group. The experimental group received subcutaneous injection of 0.2% NaF every 4 days (the dose was 2 mg NaF per kg body wt). The same volume of 0.9% NaCl was used in the control. Twenty rats in each group were killed 4 days after the second and the seventh injection respectively. The expression of type I collagen was assayed with immunohistochemical technique.

RESULTS4 out of 20 rats after two injections showed abnormal distribution of type I collagen (dense stain of collagen in the odontoblast, aggregation of collagen in the dentine and disordered arrangement of collagen in the predentine; All 20 rats after seven injections showed abnormal distribution of type I collagen.

CONCLUSIONExcessive fluoride may affect the metabolism of type I collagen in rat developmental dentine.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Collagen Type I ; analysis ; Dentin ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Fluorides ; toxicity ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective: To study the relationship between physical health of college students and the risk of sports injuries, and to provide a reference for sports injuries prevention. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to select 1 237 college students from grade 1 to 4 majoring liberal arts, sciences, and sports (non sports students) in Shanghai. The three types of physical fitness test scores of form, function and quality were used to investigate the occurrence of sports injuries of students in the past year through self report. Logistic regression analysis, multiple linear regression and two piecewise linear regression models were used. Results: The incidence of sports injuries among college students was 12.5% (155). There was a non linear relationship between physical health score and the occurrence of sports injury events. When the physical health score was less than 70, there was negatively correlated with the risk of sports injury ( OR = 0.88 , 95% CI =0.85-0.91, P <0.05). When the physical fitness score was greater than or equal to 70, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of sports injury between different scores ( OR = 0.98 , 95% CI =0.95-1.02, P >0.05). Conclusion The physical health level of college students is negatively related with the risk of sports injury. It is recommended that college students have a physical fitness score of at least 70 points.

OBJECTIVETo study the filtration efficiency of a positive pressure powered air purifying medical protective equipment and the effect of the flow rate on the microenvironment of the equipment.

METHODSThe filtration efficiency of high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter was measured with the biologic aerosol of simulating virus (Escherichia coli bacteriophage f(2)). The simulation work was done at the walk rate of 4 km/h in summer. The effect of the flow rate on the oxygen content, the carbon dioxide content, the temperature and the humidity of the microenvironment of the equipment was investigated. The clinical experiments were conducted in three appointed hospital for fighting against SARS.

RESULTSThe HEPA filter could filtrate 99.99% simulating viruses in the air. When the flow rate ranged from 75 to 125 L/min, the microenvironment parameters of the equipment were: the oxygen content was between 19.6% and 20.1% (the physiological safety limit is more than 14.6%); the carbon dioxide content ranged from 0.43% to 0.57% (the physiological safety limit is less than 1.0%); the temperature was between 32.0 degrees C to 32.2 degrees C; the humidity ranged from 49.7% to 59.4% (the physiological safety limit is the temperature 31 degrees C and the humidity 85% or temperature 38 degrees C and humidity 50%). Each microenvironment parameter met the demand of a healthy person under the normal workload. In the clinical experiments, the doctors wearing the equipment who performed the tracheotomy for a SARS patient in a deep coma were not infected.

CONCLUSIONThe medical protective equipment can protect the doctor and nurse in SARS contaminated areas effectively and improve their work conditions.

Air ; analysis ; Air Microbiology ; Carbon Dioxide ; analysis ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Humans ; Humidity ; Occupational Medicine ; instrumentation ; Oxygen ; analysis ; Protective Devices ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Temperature ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of MMP-8 in human and rat tooth development.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the localization of MMP-8 protein while in situ hybridization was used to examine the expression of MMP-8 mRNA.

RESULTSThe expression of MMP-8 protein was localized in odontoblast and dentin matrix at the later bell stage in human tooth germ. The dentin was denser close to the pulp cavity. The expression of MMP-8 mRNA was found in very few polarized odontoblast at the early bell stage and all polarized odontoblast at the later bell stage in rat tooth germ.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that MMP-8 involved in dentin matrix rebuilding in the process of dentin formation in human and rat dental development.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Dentin ; enzymology ; Embryo, Mammalian ; In Situ Hybridization ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Maxilla ; enzymology ; Odontogenesis ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tooth Germ ; embryology ; enzymology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the outcome of precision-fit surface hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis.

METHODSThe clinical data of 41 patients (48 hip joints) with femoral head osteonecrosis were reviewed. Of them, 30 were male and 11 were female, average age was 37 years old (ranging from 29 - 49). Thirty-five patients were at Ficat stage III and 13 at Ficat stage IV, their acetabula were relatively normal. The 41 patients (48 hip joints) underwent precision-fit surface hemiarthroplasties.

RESULTSThe mean duration of follow-up was 5.2 years. The average UCLA hip score at follow-up was improved significantly from 3.1 to 9.1 points for pain, 4.4 to 9.2 points for walking, and 5.5 to 7.1 points for activity (P = 0.001). The satisfaction rate was 88.6% for 35 at Ficat stage III, 69.2% for 13 at stage IV (P = 0.25). Eight hips failed; the UCLA hip score was not improved significantly; the postoperative X-ray examination showed that 7 femoral prostheses were implanted in a varus orientation (the angle between the femoral prosthesis stem and the anatomic axis of the femoral shaft was lower than angle of 130 degrees). Five-year survival rate was 83.0%.

CONCLUSIONSPrecision-fit surface hemiarthroplasty of the hip has the satisfactory result in treatment of the femoral head osteonecrosis on the basis of observing strictly operative indications and improving operative technique.

Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; surgery ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the cardiac structural and functional characteristics in the patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and predict the factors influencing the characteristics. Methods A total of 783 HFpEF patients diagnosed in the Department of Geriatric Cardiology,the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from April 2009 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study.Echocardiography and tissue Doppler technique were employed to evaluate cardiac structure and function.According to the occurrence of T2DM,the patients were assigned into a HFpEF+T2DM group (n=332) and a HFpEF group (n=451).Propensity score matching (PSM)(in a 1∶1 ratio) was adopted to minimize confounding effect.According to urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER),the HFpEF+T2DM group was further divided into three subgroups with UAER<20 μg/min,of 20-200 μg/min,and>200 μg/min,respectively.The comorbidities,symptoms and signs,and cardiac structure and function were compared among the groups to clarify the features of diabetes related HFpEF.Multivariate linear regression was conducted to probe the relationship of systolic blood pressure,blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,and UARE with cardiac structural and functional impairment. Results The HFpEF+T2DM group had higher prevalence of hypertension (P=0.001) and coronary heart disease (P=0.036),younger age (P=0.020),and larger body mass index (P=0.005) than the HFpEF group,with the median diabetic course of 10 (3,17) years.After PSM,the prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease,body mass index,and age had no significant differences between the two groups(all P>0.05).In addition,the HFpEF+T2DM group had higher interventricular septal thickness (P=0.015),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (P=0.040),and left ventricular mass (P=0.012) and lower early diastole velocity of mitral annular septum (P=0.030) and lateral wall (P=0.011) than the HFpEF group.Compared with the HFpEF group,the HFpEF+T2DM group showed increased ratio of early diastolic mitral filling velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e') (P=0.036).Glycosylated hemoglobin was correlated with left ventricular mass (P=0.011),and the natural logarithm of UAER with interventricular septal thickness (P=0.004),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (P=0.006),left ventricular mass (P<0.001),and E/e' ratio (P=0.049). Conclusion The patients with both T2DM and HFpEF have thicker left ventricular wall,larger left ventricular mass,more advanced left ventricular remodeling,severer impaired left ventricular diastolic function,and higher left ventricular filling pressure than the HFpEF patients without T2DM.Elevated blood glucose and diabetic microvascular diseases might play a role in the development of the detrimental structural and functional changes of the heart.
Humans ; Aged ; Heart Failure/diagnosis* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Stroke Volume ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Blood Glucose ; Propensity Score ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Hypertension

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of inflammasomopathies, enhance the recognition of those diseases, and help to establish the early diagnosis. Methods: The clinical manifestations including fever, rash, systems involvement as well as laboratory results and genotypic characteristics of 35 children with inflammasomopathies diagnosed by the Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 35 cases of inflammasomopathies were diagnosed, and 20 of them were boys while 15 were girls. Inflammasomopathies patients have early onset, the age of onset as well as diagnostic age were 1 (0,7) and 7 (3,12), respectively. Among those patients, 10 had familial mediterranean fever, 3 had mevalonate kinase deficiency, 15 cases had NLRP3 gene associated autoinflammatory disease, 4 cases had NLRP12-associated autoinflammatory disease, 2 cases had familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 3, and 1 case had familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 4. A total of 34 cases (97%) showed recurrent fever, 27 cases (77%) had skin rashes, while 11 cases (31%), 10 cases (29%), and 8 cases (23%) were presented with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and growth retardation, respectively. In terms of systemic involvement, there were 18 cases (51%), 12 cases (34%), 8 cases (23%), and 5 cases (14%) with skeletal, neurological, auditory, and renal involvement, respectively. Central nervous system involvement was seen only in NLRP3 gene associtated autoinflammatory diseases (12 cases), sensorineural deafness was seen in NLRP3 gene associtated autoinflammatory diseases (6 cases) and NLRP12 gene associated autoinflammatory diseases (2 cases), and abdominal pain was observed in familial Mediterranean fever (5 cases), mevalonate kinase deficiency (1 case) and NLRP12 gene related autoinflammatory diseases (1 case). In the acute inflammatory phase, the acute phase reactants (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) of 35 cases (100%) were significantly increased. There were 21 cases received ferritin examination, and only 4 cases (19%) showed an increase of it. In terms of autoantibodies, among all 35 patients, 4 cases (11%) were positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Conclusions: Fever, skin rash, and skeletal manifestations are the most common clinical features, accompanied with increased CRP and ESR, and negative results of autoantibodies such as ANA. The clinical manifestations of those diseases are complex and diverse, and it is prone to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Child ; Familial Mediterranean Fever ; Female ; Fever/etiology* ; Genotype ; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone