Objective:To study the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF)on bone fracture healing of inflicted T_(10)spinal cord injury(SCI)complicated with tibia fracture in rats.Methods:Totally 120 rats were randomly divided into tihia fracture group (F group,n=40),T_(10)SCI+tibia fracture group(FS group,n=40),and T_(10)SCI+tibia fracture+NGF group(FSN group,n=40).Four weeks later,the fracture sites in the 3 groups were subjected to CT scanning;the maximum transverse diameter of the fracture ends and the gray scales of non-osseous area were measured;the changes of biomechanics property of the fracture ends were determined by three-point bending test;the bone morphometry,bone density,and histomorphology of callus were determined;the expression of OCN was detected by immunohistochemical method;the osteoblast ultrastructure was observed by TEM and the expression ofⅠ,Ⅱtype collagen were examined by Western blotting.Results:The maximum transverse diameter of F group was less than those of FS group(P

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical efficacy of needle-knife to cut off the medial branch of the lumbar posterior ramus under C-arm guiding to treat low back pain caused by lumbar facet osteoarthritis.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to June 2011, 60 patients with low back pain caused by lumbar facet osteoarthritis were reviewed,including 34 males and 26 females, ranging in age from 39 to 73 years old,averaged 61.9 years old; the duration of the disease ranged from 6 to 120 months, with a mean of 18.9 months. All the patients were divided into two groups, 30 patients (18 males and 12 females, ranging in age from 39 to 71 years old, needle-knife group) were treated with needle-knife to cut off medial branch of the lumbar posterior ramus under C -arm guiding and the other 30 patients(16 males and 14 females, ranging in age from 41 to 73 years old, hormone injection group) were treated with hormone injection in lumbar facet joint under C-arm guiding. The preoperative JOA scores and the scores at the 1st, 12th and 26th weeks after treatment were analyzed.

RESULTSBefore treatment,the JOA scores between the two groups had no significant difference (P= 0.479); after 1 week of treatment, the JOA scores between the two groups had significant difference (P= 0.040), the improvement rate of hormone injection group was superior than that of the needle-knife group,which were (58.73+/-18.20)% in needle-knife group and (71.10+/-22.19)% in hormone injection group; after 12 weeks of treatment, the JOA scores between the two groups had no significant difference(P=0.569), and the improvement rate between the two groups had no significant difference,which were (50.09+/-19.33)% in the needle-knife group and (48.70+/-18.36)%) in the hormone injection group; after 26 weeks of treatment,the JOA scores between the two groups had significant difference (P=0.000), the improvement rate of hormone injection group was superior than that of the needle-knife group,which were (48.56+/-28.24)% in needle-knife group and (15.62+/-11.23 )% in hormone injection group.

CONCLUSIONUsing needle-knife to cut off the medial branch of the lumbar posterior ramus could get longer efficacy than hormone injection in the treatment of lumbar facet osteoarthritis.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; etiology ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Spine ; complications ; surgery ; Spinal Nerves ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate therapeutic effects of minimally invasive arthroscopic internal fixation with plates and screws in treating tibial plateau fractures.

METHODSA retrospective study from December 2006 to June 2010 was done on 69 patients with tibial plateau fractures. According to Schatzker classification, 5 patients were type I, 5 patients were type II, 25 patients were type III, 20 patients were type IV, 9 patients were type V and 5 patients were type VI. Thirty-six patients were treated with arthroscopy-assisted reduction and internal fixation, including 21 males and 15 females, ranging in age from 17 to 59 years (averaged, 34.2 years); another 33 patients were treated with small incision and fixed with plates and screws,including 19 males and 14 females, ranging in age from 18 to 62 years (averaged, 35.4 years). The operation time, blood loss during operation,drainage volume of blood, healing time, weight-bearing time and function of effected knee were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 6 to 12 months (averaged, 10.3 months). All the patients had no complications such as infection, articular collapse, re-fracture and joint stiffness. There were no significant differences in weight-bearing time, complications and Rasmussen scores between two groups (P>0.05); but there were significant differences in the operative time, blood loss, drainage volume of blood, hospital stay time, the healing time between two groups (P<0.05). The results showed that arthroscopy-assisted technique was better than minimally invasive internal fixation in operation duration, blood loss during operation and the healing time.

CONCLUSIONDifferent types of fracture of tibial plateau should be treated with different surgical treatments. Arthroscopic technique for reduction of fractures, which has less influence on bony union and minimally invasive, and can provide a good clinical outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical results of arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of acute Lauge-Hansen stage IV ankle fractures.

METHODSA prospective cohort of study was done in 42 patients of acute ankle fractures treated with arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation from January 2008 to December 2009. According to Lauge-Hansen classification, there were 26 supination-eversion stage IV fractures, including 11 females and 15 males; with an average age of (36.8 +/- 11.7) years; and there were 16 pronation-eversion stage IV fractures, including 6 females and 10 males, with an average age of (37.6 +/- 11.2) years. All the patients were treated with arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation,and intra-articular disorders were observed. Syndesmotic diastasis was treated with three-cortices syndesmotic screw, and osteochondral injuries were disposed by Cheng-Ferkel staging system. The clinical effects were evaluated according to AOFAS scores.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up for 1 year. At the final review,the mean AOFAS score was (92.00 +/- 9.32). Twenty-eight patients got an excellent result, 11 good, 3 fair. Lesions of the cartilage were found in 31 cases. The AOFAS scores of patients with osteochondral lesions were higher than those of patients without osteochondral lesions. The AOFAS scores of patients with osteochondral lesions below C grade were higher than those of patients with osteochondral lesions above C grade. The AOFAS scores of patients with osteochondral lesions were higher than those of patients with osteochondral lesions above C grade. The AOFAS scores of patients with syndesmosis fixation were lower than those of patients without syndesmosis fixation.

CONCLUSIONIntra-articular disorders are common in Lauge-Hansen stage IV ankle fractures, and osteochondral lesion and sydesmosis diastasis are the most important prognostic factor that leads to unsatisfactory ankle functions. Arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of acute ankle fractures is not only helpful to anatomical reduction of the articular surface, but also can improve the clinical results with effective diagnosis and treatment of combined intra-articular disorders.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Joint ; surgery ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo treat heel pain with small needle-knife according to its classification,so as to improve the therapeutic effects.

METHODSFrom August 2005 to December 2008, 200 patients with 266 heel pain were treated according to the author's classification standards. There were 83 males and 117 females, ranging in age from 26 to 72 years, with a mean age of 46 years; the course of the disease ranged from 3 to 36 months, averaged 6.8 months. According to the classification:67 heels with plantar fasciitis type, 61 heels with calcaneal bursitis type, 36 heels with plantar fat pad inflammation-based type, 6 heels with calcaneus high pressure-type, 21 heels with nerve compression type, 75 heels with mixed type. All the patients were treated with small needle-knife by using different methods according to its classification.

RESULTSAfter 1 month treatment, among the patients with plantar fasciitis-type, 31 heels got an excellent result,36 good;among the patients with calcaneal bursitis type, 32 heels got an excellent result, 29 good; among the patients with plantar fat pad inflammation-based type, 9 heels got an excellent result, 20 good, 4 poor and 3 bad; among the patients with calcaneus high pressure-type, 1 patient got an excellent result, 3 good and 2 poor; among the patients with nerve compression type, 11 heels got an excellent result, 8 good, 1 poor and 1 bad; among the patients with mixed type, 16 heels got an excellent result, 46 good, 5 poor and 8 bad. At the 6th month after treatment, among the patients with plantar fasciitis-type, 21 heels got an excellent result, 40 good,5 poor and 1 bad; among the patients with calcaneal bursitis type, 30 heels got an excellent result, 28 good and 3 poor; among the patients with plantar fat pad inflammation-based type, 15 heels got an excellent result, 18 good, 2 poor and 1 bad; among the patients with calcaneus high pressure-type, 0 patient got an excellent result, 3 good and 3 poor;among the patients with nerve compression type,7 heels got an excellent result, 11 good, 1 poor and 2 bad; among the patients with mixed type, 10 heels got an excellent result, 45 good, 11 poor and 9 bad.

CONCLUSIONThe causes of heel pain can't be explained by using single pathogenesy,and also can't be treated with one method. The patients with calcaneal pain should be treated with different methods according to classification of heel pain, and thus the therapeutic effects can be improved.

Adult ; Aged ; Bursitis ; surgery ; Fasciitis, Plantar ; surgery ; Female ; Foot Diseases ; classification ; surgery ; Heel ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the operative method for the treatment of syndesmosis injury in ankle fractures.

METHODSA retrospective study was done on 21 ankles of 20 patients included male 11 and female 9;the range of age were from 27 to 52 years with an average of 36 years) with syndesmosis injury in closed ankle fractures from September 2005 to December 2007. All patients with ankle fractures and syndesmosis injury were diagnosed by the history, physical examination and radiology, then treated with open reduction, internal fixation, and syndesmotic stabilization with a three-cortices syndesmotic screw according to the Lauge-Hansen classification system. Radiological evaluation comprised tibiofibular overlap, total clear space and medial clear space. The clinical effects were evaluated according to modified Baird-Jackson standard.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 1.0 to 2.2 years with an average of 1.3 years. Radiographic measurements were detailed as follows: tibiofibular overlap averaged (0.46 +/- 3.56) mm in preoperative and (7.14 +/- 0.62) mm in postoperative; mean total clear space (5.69 +/-0.88) mm in preoperative and (3.28 +/- 0.39) mm in postoperative; medial clear space averaged (5.67 +/- 1.23) mm in preoperative and (3.12 +/- 0.33) mm in postoperative; tibiofibular overlap in mortise view averaged (-0.87 +/- 0.96) mm in preoperative and (2.91 +/- 0.30) mm in postoperative. There was significant difference above data between preoperative and postoperative (P < 0.01). Four cases were confirmed minor tibiofibular diastasis through CT scans during postoperative. The modified Baird-Jackson scoring was from 62 to 98 scores with an average of (86.24 +/- 13.26) score at the final review. Of them, 13 ankles had not pain; 16 ankles reported no instability complaints; 11 ankles gained normal walking ability; 8 ankles could run normally; 11 ankles could return work without any restrictions. Activity of ankle in dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion and eversion were respectively (21.05 +/- 5.00) degrees, (33.57 +/- 5.76) degrees, (19.48 +/- 4.57) degrees and (24.05 +/- 4.86) degrees. Three cases had radiological and clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis, but no breakage of syndesmotic screw in all cases. There were excellent results in 12 cases, good in 2, fair in 4, poor in 3.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment for the syndesmosis diastasis with a three-cortices screw fixation in ankle fractures is effective. Good functional outcome can be obtained with anatomical restoration of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. The repair of deltoid ligament is important for stability of the lower tibiofibular syndesmosis. Removal of the screw before weight loading should be performed to avoid possible screw breakage.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tarsal Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Biopsy ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Tibet

The objective of the present study was designed to evaluate lyophilized red blood cells of the ultrastructure. Blood was drawn from healthy adult. In group 1, sample was fresh blood; in group 2, sample was added 35% glycerine, stored at -80 degrees C for 24 hours; in group 3, red blood cells stored at 4 degrees C for 5 hours, then were lyophilized for 16 hour. The sample was resuspended for measurements of count and electron microscopy study. The result showed that lyophilized red blood cells possessed relative integrated structure, red blood cell recovery was 53%. The mean diameter, optical density and integral optical density of red blood cell were 4.7 +/- 0.4, 0.14 +/- 0.03 and 1.58 +/- 0.46 in group 1; 4.6 +/- 0.7, 0.14 +/- 0.02 and 2.35 +/- 0.64 in group 2; 4.4 +/- 0.4, 0.17 +/- 0.05 and 2.35 +/- 0.46 in group 3, respectively. There was no significant difference in lyophilized and frozen group, but there was significant difference in lyophilized group and normal group. In conclusion, human red blood cells could be successfully lyophilized and possess relative integrated structure. The mean diameter, optical density and integral optical density of lyophilized red blood cells were similar to that of cryopreservation red cells.
Blood Preservation ; Erythrocytes ; ultrastructure ; Freeze Drying ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo study the genotyping of Bacillus anthracis based on multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats(VNTR) in the B. anthracis genome.

METHODSWe selected 13 VNTR loci (which cited from published articles) to study 88 strains of B. anthracis isolated from China. The methods used were: (1) Selecting the primers which were at both ends of the tandem repeat locus; (2) Amplifying the sequence of the locus by PCR; (3)cDetecting the PCR products by agarose gel and polyacrylamide electrophoresis; (4)Analyzing the PCR products and computing the molecular weight by analysis software of gel images;(5) Double-checking with sequencing results; (6)Reckoning the repeat numbers and study the VNTRs loci characters.

RESULTS(1) We used multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to characterize 88 B. anthracis isolates from diverse geographic locations which were divided into 45 MLVA genotypes and 3 groups through cluster analysis. The genotypes was relative to restricted geographical region. It seemed clear that the multiple isolates from the same anthrax outbreak frequently having identical genotypes. (2)Results from VNTR analysis showed that A16R vaccine strain isolated from China was having the nature of representativeness in the country.

CONCLUSIONAnalysis showed that the VNTR patterns was an appropriate study method for B. anthracis genetic diversity from different geographical areas and different time. Isolates from the same anthrax outbreak had identical

Anthrax ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Bacillus anthracis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; China ; epidemiology ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Geography ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tandem Repeat Sequences

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively investigate the clinical effect of the rivet-assisted hollow screw in the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture.

METHODSTotal 49 patients with knee cruciate ligament avulsion fracture in the ending point of the ligament from January 2010 to December 2014 were divided into the treatment group and the control group. Thirty-one patients in treatment group were treated with rivet-assisted double cannulate nail, including 13 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 38 to 51 years old, with a mean of (40.6±5.1) years old; according to Meyers classification, 23 cases of type 2, 8 cases of type 3; 5 patients were caused by the low energy injury and 26 patients were caused by the high energy injury. Eighteen patients in control group were treated with double gold hollow screw fixation, including 5 males and 13 females, ranging in age from 36 to 52 years old, with an average age of (4.16±4.7) years old; according to Meyers classification, 14 cases of type 2 and 4 cases of type 3;2 patients were caused by the low energy injury and 16 patients were caused by the high energy injury. The operation time, postoperative complications, fracture healing time and the last AKS scoring system were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 24 months, with an average of 14.2 months. The patients in treatment group had no displacement of fracture fragments and internal fixation failure. The results of AKS score:pain was 48.1±1.5, activity was 21.3±2.7, stability was 20.9±2.5, walking ability was 47.3±1.9, under the stairs ability was 43.4±2.1, the total score was 190.7±2.9. There were 2 cases in control group had fracture fragment displacement and 1 patient had nail withdraw. The results of AKS score:pain was 40.1±2.2, activity was 20.1±0.2, stability was 18.1±3.2, walking ability was 46.3±1.7, under the stairs ability was 40.2 ±1.3, the total score was 180.2±1.4. Therefore, the comparison of the above indicators, the results of the treatment group were better than those of the control group.

CONCLUSIONSRivet-assisted hollow screw fixation in the treatment of cruciate ligament avulsion fracture in the ending, has some advantages such as follows:accurate reduction, less postoperative complications and better postoperative knee function recovery, therefore it is an effective way to treat posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture.