Objective To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on serum adipocytokines (leptin, resistin and adiponectin) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with insulin resistance (IR). Methods Thirty-five PCOS patients with IR were treated with pioglitazone 15mg/d for 12 weeks. The results of ovulation induction were observed. The changes of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), serum levels of leptin, resistin and adiponectin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and blood fat were examined at the baseline and after the therapy by enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results After 12 weeks' treatment, menstruation and rate of ovulation per cycle were improved in 35 (88.5%) PCOS patients with IR. Waist/hip ratio and F-G score were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and BMI declined with no significant difference (P>0.05). The levels of LH, T, FINS, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05) after treatment; high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was significantly increased (P<0.01) after treatment. However, there were no significant differences in FSH and FPG (P>0.05). The levels of serum leptin and resistin were decrease than before (P<0.05), and the level of serum adiponectin was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Pioglitazone can effectively improve clinical syndromes, insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism of PCOS patients with IR. Adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin and resistin) as regulators of insulin metabolism are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in PCOS. Pioglitazone treatment can decrease plasma glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity at least partly through improving the profiles of adipocytokines.

A PAGE IEF immunoassay was established to detect the ORM, Pi, AHSG and GC phenotypes slmultaneously in human bloodstains. The cumulative discriminating power and probability of paternity exclusion were 0. 9878 and 0. 6648 respectively. Human sera diluted 100 times and bloodstains kept at room temperature for 4 weeks could be typed for these four blood groups correctly. The phenotypes of ORM, AHSG and GC could be determined correctly in bloodstains kept at room temperature within 24 weeks. This provides a good approach for individual identification of human bloodstains.

Objective To observe the effects of pioglitazone on secretion of E2 and expressions of P450 aromatase (P450arom), insulin-receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and insulin-receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) mRNA in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ovarian granulosa cells.Methods In this study, granulosa cells that were fertilization-embryo transferred from 27 PCOS patients were primary cultured in vitro with different concentrations of pioglitazone (0, 10, 102, 103 and 104nmol/L) (Group A), different concentrations of pioglitazone+FSH (50ng/L, Group B) and different concentrations of pioglitazone+insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, 50ng/L, Group C).Estradiol concentrations in the culture supernatant were detected by radioimmunoassay;P450arom, IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNA expressions on granulosa cells were detected by Real-time PCR.Results The levels of E2 secreted by granulosa cells and the expression of P450arom mRNA on granulosa cells of PCOS for 48 hours were different among Groups A, B and C (P<0.05).With increase in pioglitazone concentration, the level of E2 and the expression of P450arom mRNA declined, some of which correlated negatively with the concentration of pioglitazone.Among these groups, the level of E2 secretion and the expression of P450arom mRNA were higher in Group C than in Group B (P<0.01) and Group A (P<0.01) at the same concentration of pioglitazone.The level of E2 secretion and the expression of P450arom mRNA were higher in Group B than in Group A (P<0.05) at the same concentration of pioglitazone.The expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNA on granulosa cells of PCOS under pioglitazone stimulation for 48 hour were different among the groups of different pioglitazone concentrations (P<0.05).With increase inpioglitazone concentration, the expression of IRS-1 mRNA on granulosa cells of PCOS was decreased, but the expression of IRS-2 mRNA on granulosa cells of PCOS was increased.Conclusion Pioglitazone may decrease estrogen production by inhibiting p450 aromatase and adjusting the expressions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 on granulosa cells of PCOS to play a role in ovulation induction and ameliorate insulin resistance in ovary of PCOS.Pioglitazone can inhibit IGF-I and FSH in inducing E2 secretion by ovarian granulosa cells.

This paper reports the detection of G2m(n)factors in human sera using theenzyme-linked immunosorbent inhibition test with monoclonal antibodies agai-nst G2m(n)factor(SH-21).The gene freguency of G2m(n)factor among 517unrelated individuals of ban population in Chengeu area was 0.5493 and itsvariance was 0.0004.

?-1 acid glycoprotein, also named orosomucoid (ORM), is one kind of serum protein with genetic polymorPhism. Anti-ORM serum is necessary to phenotyping ORM. This communication describes the preparation of the antiORM serum. The anti-ORM sera were produced in three New Zealand rabbits cimmunized with ORM which was isolated and purified from human sera previously in our laboratory. The results of identification showed that the specificity of the home made anti-ORM and the commercial anti-ORM sera (Sigma) were identical. The titer of the home made anti-ORM serum was 128. 2.4?g/ml ORM could be detected by double immunodiffusion with the anti-ORM serum. In addition, the anti-ORM serum did not cross-react with other human serum proteins.

Simultaneous phenotyping of AHSG, Pi and GC by IEF is reported. The results showed that the cumulative discrimination power and the cumulative exclusion probability of paternity of this method were 0.9701 and 0.58.11 respectively. It was proved to be the most efficient method for individual identification among the simultaneous phenotypings of genetic markers.It has been applied to paternity test and the results were satisfactory.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of nimodipine and magnesium sulfate on severe pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) as well as the effect on plasma endotheline (ET) and serum nitric oxide (NO), in order to provide theoretical foundation for clinical treatment. Methods Forty two patients with severe PIH, being divided into 2 groups at random, were treated with nimodipine or magnesium sulfate. The changes of blood pressure, arteriole of eyeground, urine protein, ET, NO and clinical symptoms were observed respectively before and after the treatment, and the pregnancy outcomes were compared. Results (1) After the treatment of nimodipine, the serum NO of patients increased significantly from (51.72?14.64)?mol/L to (67.56?14.77)?mol/L ( P 0.05). (2) The nimodipine group took shorter time (0.5 h) to lower the blood pressure notably than the magnesium sulfate group (2 h).(3) As for the disappearing of subjective symptoms , nimodipine group (1.7? 1.3) h was quicker than magnesium sulfate group (3.4?1.7) h. Conclusions Compared with magnesium sulfate, nimodipine was better in improving and protecting the function of endotheline cells, dilating cerebral blood vessels, depressing blood pressure strongly and persistently, reducing subjective symptoms of patients and had no other side effects except increasing heart rate.

The auther .measured the concentration ofchromium in serum of the normal for 30 and 30 pa-tients with diabetes. The results indicate that thechromium level in serum of diabetes is significantlylower than that of the normal (P

Objective To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on serum leptin and adiponectin in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with insulin resistance (IR). Methods Thirty-five PCOS patients with IR were treated with pioglitazone 15mg/d for 12 weeks. The results of ovulation induction were observed. The changes of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and blood fat were examined at the baseline and after the therapy by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results After the treatment, the rate of ovulation per cycle was improved in 31 (88.5%) out of the 35 patients. After treatment, the level of serum leptin was decreased (P<0.05) while the level of serum adiponectin was increased (P<0.05). After 12 weeks'treatment, waist-to-hip ratio and F-G score were significantly decreased (P<0.05), BMI declined but without significant difference (P>0.05). The levels of LH, T, FINS, Homa-IR, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), whereas the level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly increased (P<0.01). No significant difference was seen in FSH and FPG following treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion Pioglitazone treatment can effectively improve PCOS with IR patients'clinical syndromes, insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism at least partly through improving the profiles of leptin and adiponectin.

Objective To study the causes of conversions to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods The study was based on a retrospective review of 156 cases of conversions to laparotomy out of 12672 cases of LC from December 1991 to October 2001 in this hospital. Results Ninety-two (58.97%) cases of conversions were due to complicated clinical condition and preoperative misdiagnosis, 47 (30.13%) cases of conversions due to technological complications, and 17 (10 90%) cases underwent delayed laparotomy. The total conversion rate was 1.23% and the rate of bile duct injuries was 0.2% (26/12672). Conclusions Inadequate preparation, deficiency of experience, complicated clinical situation, and anatomical variation of bile ducts are the leading causes to conversions.