Cerebellum is known to play an important role in coordination and motor functions. In some resent studies it is also considered to be involved in modulation of mood, cognition and psychiatric disorders. Dandy Walker Malformation is a congenital malformation that is characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle and enlargement of the posterior fossa. When the volume of posterior fossa is normal, the malformation is called Dandy Walker Variant. Case is a 32 year old male with a 12 year history of Bipolar I Disorder presented with manic and depresive symptoms, including dysphoric and depressive affect, anhedonia, suicidal thoughts and behaviours, thoughts of fear about future, overtalkativeness and graphomania, increased energy, irregular sleep, loss of appetite, increased immersion in projects, irritability, agressive behavior, impulsivity. Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging was compatible to the morphological features of Dandy Walker Variant.
Anhedonia ; Appetite ; Bipolar Disorder ; Cerebellum ; Cognition ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome ; Dilatation ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Immersion ; Impulsive Behavior ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male

Duloxetine is a balanced and potent serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor which is known to be effective in depression and anxiety disorders. The common adverse effects include dry mouth, nausea, insomnia, somnolence, dizziness and constipation. Reported adverse effects of the extra pyramidal symptoms (EPS) are rare. In this case, a patient who suffered from acute dystonia, after only one dose of 30 mg duloxetine is presented.
Anxiety Disorders ; Constipation ; Depression ; Dizziness ; Dystonia ; Humans ; Mouth ; Nausea ; Norepinephrine ; Serotonin ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Thiophenes ; Duloxetine Hydrochloride

Objective: Several immunological factors are emphasized in the etiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases and obsessivecompulsive disorder. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) are commonly seen in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between OCS and antithyroid antibodies. Methods: The study included 145 patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves’ disease and 42 healthy controls. Thyroid function tests and serum thyroid autobody levels (anti-thyroglobulin [TG], anti-thyroid peroxidase [TPO], and anti-thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH]) of the patients were measured. The socio-demographic data and OCS of the participants were evaluated with Dimensional OCS (DOCS). Results: DOCS scores were higher in patients than in the control group. There was not found a significant relationship between free T3, free T4, and TSH levels and DOCS scores. Anti-TG positivity in females was associated with lower DOCS scores. Anti-TPO positivity in males had a positive correlation with DOCS scores. There was no correlation between sex and the presence of anti-TSH in terms of OCS severity. Univariate analysis found the highest OCS scores in anti-TPO positive, anti-TG, and anti-TSH negative patients. The group with the lowest OCS scores was found to be anti-TG positive, anti-TPO, and anti-TSH negative patients. Conclusion OCS severity could be affected by different thyroid autoantibody profiles in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. While anti-TG serves a protective role against OCS in females, the presence of anti-TPO may worsen the OCS in men. Additionally, the co-existence of different antithyroid antibodies may affect the severity of OCS differently according to sex.