No abstract available.
Adult* ; Craniofacial Dysostosis* ; Humans

1) This rare case of unilateral bifid ureter can not be found in the literature. 2) It has been located in the left mid ureter and O shaped in its form nominated O shaped bifid ureter by author 3) It is diagnosed on the basis of the IVP and R.G.P..
Ureter* ; Urography*

No abstract available in English.
Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Spinal Canal ; Ultrasonics

No abstract available.
Female ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal*

No abstract available.
Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Tuberculosis*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify ethical climate factors in hospitals and analyze their influence on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. METHODS: A convenience sample of 196 nurses from one national university hospital in J city participated in this descriptive study survey. Instruments included the Ethical Climate Questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Organizational Commitment Scale. Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis were done to test reliability and construct validity of the scales. Data were collected from March 15 to March 25, 2013 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Seven ethical climate factors were identified; laws and professional codes, social responsibility, company rules and procedures, self-interest, personal morality, efficiency, and friendship. Factors influencing job satisfaction were friendship (beta=.25), social responsibility (beta=.20), laws and professional codes (beta=.20), and educational level (beta=.27), explaining 37.6% of variance in job satisfaction. Factors influencing organizational commitment included social responsibility (beta=.29), friendship (beta=.27), laws and professional codes (beta=.23), and age (beta=.19), with explanatory power of 44.6%. CONCLUSION: Results can be used as preliminary data for developing new strategies to establish positive ethical climates in hospital environments and thus enhance nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Climate ; Friends ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Jurisprudence ; Morals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Responsibility ; Weights and Measures

Unfortunately, we have poor knowledge of medical technology in North Korea. This study has thus attempted to identify the level and status of medical technology development through analyzing the contents of medical textbooks currently in use. This study has assumed that three factors are influencing the level and status of medical technology in a society ; the level of socio-economic development in general, the level of scientific technology revolution and health policy. Forty textbooks are collected for this purpose. The main findings are summarized as follows: 1) North Korea has strengths in that (1) its herb drugs, which are in a broad use, are cheaper, more safe and more attainable than bio-equivalent chemical ones, and (2) the development of its medical technology was carried out with emphasis on the practical and basic health needs. 2) North Korea has weaknesses in that (1) its medical diagnostic method largely depends on manual procedures, (2) the R & D investment in the development of chemical drugs, especially antibiotics, is very small, (3) the amount of medical equipments is in a absolute shortage, and (4) the medical technology is destitute of specialty, caused mainly by the overemphasis on Juche-Uihak or herb medicine. 3) Medical technology has two faces, positive and negative so that it cannot be successfully evaluated by one. It eventually acts a positive function for public health through developments of drug, equipment and new medical treatment method. But it is also true that it has negative effects such as the dehumanization of high cost medical technology, cost hike due to over-investments in expensive equipments, and the absence of wholistic care from overspecialization. 4) We have to consider economic status and the social needs of medical care in order to evaluate the medical technology of a society. It is also the ease with North Korea. A whole picture of the North Korean medical technology could be understood only if further comprehensive studies of medical technology are to be carried out for North Korea.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Dehumanization ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea* ; Health Policy ; Herbal Medicine ; Investments ; Public Health

PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationships among parenting stress, husband's support, and breastfeeding adaptation in mothers. METHODS: A correlational survey design was utilized in this study. Data were collected from 181 breastfeeding mothers with infants under 12 months of age. Participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic, a child photo studio, or from the kid's cafe from July 22 to September 13, 2016. Instruments for collecting data included Childcare Stress Inventory (CSI), Husband's Support scale, and the Breastfeeding Adaptation scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 by frequency, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: Of the 181 subjects, 54.7% responded they only breastfed with 75.7% who received breastfeeding education. Seventy-two percent of mothers made a decision to breastfeed by themselves. The mean score was 2.39±0.53 for parenting stress, 3.07±0.43 for husband's support, and 3.85±0.49 for breastfeeding adaptation. Factors influencing breastfeeding adaptation were identified as lower parenting stress (β=−.54), greater husband's support (β=.31), breastfeeding (β=.31), and older age of baby (β=.14), with 56.0% that explained variance. CONCLUSION: This study reports that parenting stress has negative effect on breastfeeding adaptation, while husband's support has positive effect. Results may be useful in developing new strategies for enhancing breastfeeding adaptation.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Breast Feeding* ; Child ; Education ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers* ; Parenting* ; Parents*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes toward death according to personality types and to suggest the need to develop related hospice programs. METHODS: Personality types were identified by the Korean version of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Form G. A questionnaire with 26 five-point Likert items was used to survey participants' attitudes toward death. RESULTS: The ESFP personality type was most common (20%) among available 100 participants. Significant differences were observed in the attitudes towards death preparation according to personality type s. Participants with personality preference types E, T and J showed positive attitudes (P<0.05) toward death, but no significant differences were shown based on the SN index. CONCLUSION: The attitudes toward death differed by personality types. Therefore, this study points to the need to develop diverse hospice programs based on the personality types.
Hospice Care ; Personality Inventory ; Surveys and Questionnaires

10 patients with blunt renal trauma have been studied and compared by the excretory urography and renal angiography in the Department of Urology, National Medical Center, Seoul, during the period of January 1976 through June 1977. The following results were obtained: 1) Renal angiography is a more specific diagnostic procedure than the excretory urography in detailing the extent of injury. And it provides more opportunity of a high salvage rate of injured kidney. 2) In a normal excretory urography, renal angiography need not do in deciding surgical management of renal injury. 3) The result of positive renal angiograms was especially great in patients showing any of the following urographic abnormalities; non-or poor visualization and extravasation of contrast media. 4) Surgical intervention was done in only one patient of renal thrombosis.
Angiography* ; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials ; Humans ; Kidney ; Seoul ; Thrombosis ; Urography* ; Urology