In livestock industry, there is growing interest in methods to increase the production efficiency of livestock to address food shortages, given the increasing global population.With the advancements in gene engineering technology, it is a valuable tool and has been intensively utilized in research specifically focused on human disease. In historically, this technology has been used with livestock to create human disease models or to produce recombinant proteins from their byproducts. However, in recent years, utilizing gene editing technology, cattle with identified genes related to productivity can be edited, thereby enhancing productivity in response to climate change or specific disease instead of producing recombinant proteins. Furthermore, with the advancement in the efficiency of gene editing, it has become possible to edit multiple genes simultaneously. This cattle breed improvement has been achieved by discovering the genes through the comprehensive analysis of the entire genome of cattle. The cattle industry has been able to address gene bottlenecks that were previously impossible through conventional breeding systems. This review concludes that gene editing is necessary to expand the cattle industry, improving productivity in the future. Additionally, the enhancement of cattle through gene editing is expected to contribute to addressing environmental challenges associated with the cattle industry. Further research and development in gene editing, coupled with genomic analysis technologies, will significantly contribute to solving issues that conventional breeding systems have not been able to address.

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Femoral Neck Fractures* ; Femur Neck* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Chronic Pain* ; Electroacupuncture* ; Needles* ; Syringes*

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip*

No abstract available.

Recently, continuous epidural catheter insertion is common practice not only in anesthesia but also in pain clinic. Meningitis is rare but serious complication of epidural analgesia. Acute bacterial meningitis occurred in a 82-year-old female patient with thoracic herpes zoster after continuous thoracic epidural analgeia. An MRI of thoracic region did not show an epidural abscess or granulation tissue. Gram stain and culture of the epidural catheter tip and the CSF yielded Staphylococcus aureus. Immediate treatment with antibiotics and supportive therapy was instituted and then the patient discharged without neurologic sequalae.
Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Epidural Abscess ; Female ; Granulation Tissue ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial* ; Pain Clinics ; Staphylococcus aureus

As part of Korean retinal prosthesis project, we have provided preliminary experimental results regarding voltage parameters for the stimulation of chemically degenerated rabbit retina. Since our APB-treated chemically degenerated retina is only ON-pathway blocked, now we switch our experiments to more appropriate retinal degeneration model, genetically degenerated retina model (RD mouse: rd/rd (C3H/HeJ)). Before studying with RD mouse, we started control experiments with normal SD rat to understand characteristics of retinal ganglion cell activity with postnatal maturation in rodents. Ganglion cell activities were recorded with 8x8 multi-electrode array. Moving spontaneous bursts appeared until postnatal day of 15. During pre-eye opening period, no light evoked response appeared. After postnatal day of 2 weeks (post-eye opening period), ON-, OFF- and ON/OFF response appeared. The fractional distributions of ON, OFF, and ON/OFF ganglion cell is about 40%, 50%, and 5%. The percentage (%) of light evoked response in each dorso-temporal, ventral, and dorso-nasal area of eye is about 50%, 37.5% and 12.5%, respectively. We concluded that the optimal period for experiment in rodent is about postnatal day of 2~3 weeks.
Animals ; Ganglion Cysts ; Mice ; Rats* ; Retina ; Retinal Degeneration ; Retinal Ganglion Cells* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rodentia ; Visual Prosthesis

GH concentration in plasma decline with age. GH and GH response to GHRH are influenced by sex hormones, thereby changing around the menopause. In several aspects, features of aging resemble those of a state of GH deficiency. It has been argued the declining GH function, along with other factors, might be a causal factor in osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate that postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat could be prevented by rhGH. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats(weight 140-200g) were devided 3 groups. Group 1(n=18) was sham operation; Group 2(n=18) was ovariectomized and received subcutaneous injection with 0.05 cc normal saline; Group 3(n=18) was ovariectomized and received subcutaneous injection with 0.2 IU rhGH. Group 2 and 3 were injected daily, 6 day per week. Each group was devided three subgroups(n=6) and were sacrificed at 6 week, 10 week, 14 week, respectively. Group 2 showed a significant increase in body weight, femur length, serum IGF-1 level, serum PICP and ICTP level at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks and a significant decrease in ash weight of tibia, width of bony spicules, at 14 weeks than Group 1. Group 3 demonstrated a significant increase in body weight, femur length, serum IGF-1, serum PICP and ITCP levels and a insignificant decrease in ash weight of tibia and width of bony spicules, at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks than Group 1. At 14 weeks, Group 3 showed a significant increase in serum IGF-1, Serum PTH, Serum PICP. From these data, we conclude that although rhGH administration leads to an activation of bone turnover and more stimulation of bone formation, it does not prevent a bone loss in ovariectomized rat.
Aging ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Female ; Femur ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Humans* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Menopause ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis* ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Ovariectomy ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibia

It is generally accepted that posterior cruciate ligament is the prime stabilizer and perhaps the most importent ligament in the knee. We agreed that primary repair or reconstruction of ruptured posterior cruciate ligament is essential. Recently Clancy reported good results to correct knee instability due to rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament with a procedure that employes a free graft of one-third of the patella tendon with its tibial and patella attachments. The free patella tendon graft has been shown to revascularize readly, develop resonably high tensile strengh, allow bone to bone healing, have excellent static stability and not to deprive the knee of a significant stabilizer. So, we analized the 10 cases of the posterior cruciate ligament injuries who were admitted and treated reconstruction using free patella tendon graft in Busan Paik Hospital between May, 1984 to Dec, 1986 and obtained the following results. 1. In 8 cases, obtained satisfactory results. In 2 cases, obtained unsatisfactory results due to combined other compartment injuries, but improved posterior stability than preoperative status. 2. Reconstruction of posterior crucitae ligament using free patella tendon graft was excellent procedure for regaining of static stability of the knee.
Busan ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Rupture ; Transplants

The ankle joint is a modified complex hinge joint which plays an important role in weight bearing, walking and standing. Injuries about the ankle joint cause destruction of not only bony architecture but often also the ligamentous and soft tissue component. So the goal of the treatment of ankle fracture is restoring normal relations of ankle mortise and regaining a smooth articular surface. The author have reviewed 84 cases of ankle fractures which were treated through the admission in the Orthopedic Department, In Je Medical College Pusan Paik Hospital from June 1979 to August 1986. The average duration of the follow-up was one year. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1. The most common type was Danis-Weber type C. Nexts were B and A in order. According to the classification of Lauge-Hansen, the most common type was Pronation-external rotstion(39.2%). 2. In Danis-Weber type B and C, satisfactory result was obtained by operative treatment. 3. Danis-Weber's classification was very practical criteria for treatment of the ankle fracture.
Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Busan ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Follow-Up Studies ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Orthopedics ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing