In livestock industry, there is growing interest in methods to increase the production efficiency of livestock to address food shortages, given the increasing global population.With the advancements in gene engineering technology, it is a valuable tool and has been intensively utilized in research specifically focused on human disease. In historically, this technology has been used with livestock to create human disease models or to produce recombinant proteins from their byproducts. However, in recent years, utilizing gene editing technology, cattle with identified genes related to productivity can be edited, thereby enhancing productivity in response to climate change or specific disease instead of producing recombinant proteins. Furthermore, with the advancement in the efficiency of gene editing, it has become possible to edit multiple genes simultaneously. This cattle breed improvement has been achieved by discovering the genes through the comprehensive analysis of the entire genome of cattle. The cattle industry has been able to address gene bottlenecks that were previously impossible through conventional breeding systems. This review concludes that gene editing is necessary to expand the cattle industry, improving productivity in the future. Additionally, the enhancement of cattle through gene editing is expected to contribute to addressing environmental challenges associated with the cattle industry. Further research and development in gene editing, coupled with genomic analysis technologies, will significantly contribute to solving issues that conventional breeding systems have not been able to address.

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Femoral Neck Fractures* ; Femur Neck* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Chronic Pain* ; Electroacupuncture* ; Needles* ; Syringes*

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip*

As part of Korean retinal prosthesis project, we have provided preliminary experimental results regarding voltage parameters for the stimulation of chemically degenerated rabbit retina. Since our APB-treated chemically degenerated retina is only ON-pathway blocked, now we switch our experiments to more appropriate retinal degeneration model, genetically degenerated retina model (RD mouse: rd/rd (C3H/HeJ)). Before studying with RD mouse, we started control experiments with normal SD rat to understand characteristics of retinal ganglion cell activity with postnatal maturation in rodents. Ganglion cell activities were recorded with 8x8 multi-electrode array. Moving spontaneous bursts appeared until postnatal day of 15. During pre-eye opening period, no light evoked response appeared. After postnatal day of 2 weeks (post-eye opening period), ON-, OFF- and ON/OFF response appeared. The fractional distributions of ON, OFF, and ON/OFF ganglion cell is about 40%, 50%, and 5%. The percentage (%) of light evoked response in each dorso-temporal, ventral, and dorso-nasal area of eye is about 50%, 37.5% and 12.5%, respectively. We concluded that the optimal period for experiment in rodent is about postnatal day of 2~3 weeks.
Animals ; Ganglion Cysts ; Mice ; Rats* ; Retina ; Retinal Degeneration ; Retinal Ganglion Cells* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rodentia ; Visual Prosthesis

No abstract available.

Recently, continuous epidural catheter insertion is common practice not only in anesthesia but also in pain clinic. Meningitis is rare but serious complication of epidural analgesia. Acute bacterial meningitis occurred in a 82-year-old female patient with thoracic herpes zoster after continuous thoracic epidural analgeia. An MRI of thoracic region did not show an epidural abscess or granulation tissue. Gram stain and culture of the epidural catheter tip and the CSF yielded Staphylococcus aureus. Immediate treatment with antibiotics and supportive therapy was instituted and then the patient discharged without neurologic sequalae.
Aged, 80 and over ; Analgesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Epidural Abscess ; Female ; Granulation Tissue ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial* ; Pain Clinics ; Staphylococcus aureus

No abstract available.
Spondylolisthesis*

No abstract available.
Fractures, Open*

No abstract available.
Osteosarcoma* ; Spine*