OBJECTIVE: To probe into the application status of the microbial ecosystem agents in our hospital.METHODS: By a retrospective method,the application of the microbial ecosystem agents in our hospital from 2007 to 2008 was analyzed statistically.RESULTS: 14.32% of the outpatients used microbial ecosystem agents,and the consumption sum of which accounted for 4.16% of total.The rational use rate was 81.26%.CONCLUSION: The use of microbial ecosystem agents in our hospital was rational on the whole;however,measures should be taken to tighten control on the rational use of which to prevent beyond-range use so as to reduce medical expenses for children patients.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of carbapenem antibiotics in the clinic. METHODS:Enterobac-teriaceae bacteria were collected from our hospital during Jan. 2014-Dec. 2015;semiautomatic microbiological assay instrument was used for strain culture,identification and drug sensitive tests. Modified Hodge test and K-B test were adopted to confirm Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC)-producing and ESBLs-producing drug resistant strains. RESULTS:During 2014-2015,1 035 strains of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were detected in our hospital,among which there were 732 strains of Escherichia coli,157 strains of K. pneumonia,136 strains of Enterobacter cloacae and 10 strains of Serratia marcescens. Citrobacter freundii was not found. E. coli and K. pneumonia were highly sensitive to amikacin and carbapenems,but slightly sensitive to most cephalosporin. A total of 64 strains of carbapenems-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria(6.18%)were detected,among which there were 31 strains of carbapenems-resistant E. coli(4.23%),30 strains of carbapenems-resistant K. pneumonia(19.11%),1 strain of carbapenems-re-sistant E. cloacae(0.74%)and 2 strains of carbapenems-resistant S. marcescens(20.00%). The samples were mainly from sputum and urine specimens,which were mainly from neonatal department and ICU. Of 64 drug resistant strains,there were 59 KPC-pro-ducing strains (92.19%) and 3 ESBLs-producing strains (4.69%). CONCLUSIONS:E. coli occupies high proportion among En-terobacteriaceae bacteria,and the number of carbapenems-resistant E. coli and carbapenems-resistant K. pneumoniae is in high lev-el. Drug resistance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria to carbopenems may be associated with KPC and ESBLs producing. Carbapenem antibiotics should be selected rationally in accordance with medication indications and the results of drug sensitivity test.

Objective:To investigate the association between diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods:This study investigated patients aged 60 years and above with type 2 diabetes in the Department of Endocrinology at Penglai People's Hospital from October 2021 to May 2022.Information on patients' demographics, lifestyle, disease history, daily diet, physical activities, and social network was collected using questionnaires.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)was utilized to evaluate the cognitive status of the participants.A logistic regression model was conducted to identify the associations between diet, physical activity, and cognitive impairment.Results:A total of 1 355 patients aged 60 years and above with type 2 diabetes were included in this study.During the assessment, 565(41.7%)patients were identified as having cognitive impairment.After adjusting for other factors, it was found that alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment( OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04-2.04, P=0.03).Furthermore, patients with diabetes who consumed fruits more than once a day had a higher risk of cognitive impairment( OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.20-1.93, P<0.001).On the other hand, the consumption of vegetables was found to be negatively associated with the risk of cognitive impairment( OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24-0.68, P=0.001).Additionally, engaging in physical activities and having a strong social network were found to significantly reduce the risk of cognitive impairment( OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.39-0.64, P<0.001; OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.43-0.71, P<0.001)respectively. Conclusions:Our findings indicate a significant association between diet, physical activity, and cognitive function in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes.It is crucial to identify and intervene on risk factors to delay and prevent cognitive impairment.Furthermore, these interventions may also aid diabetes patients in effectively managing their cognition.