Objective To discuss the image characteristics of enlarged prostatic utricle in children.Methods 13 children with enlarged prostatic utricle were retrospectively analyzed,6 of whom checked by voiding cystic urethrography (VCUG),5 of whom by MRI,2 of whom by both VCUG and MRI.Results 8 cases with VCUG showed round-like or long circle utricle filled with contrast media located in the rear posterior urethra.Among them,3 cases showed the tubiform between utricle and posterior urethra.The other 5 cases displayed overlap between utricle and urethra,and there was no tubiform between utricle and posterior urethra.7 cases with MRI showed oblong cyst at the right rear middle of the bladder that showed low signal with T1 weighted image and high signal with T2 weighted image,crossing the center of prostate gland.Among them,5 cases showed the communication between oblong cyst and posterior urethra.Also,among them,5 cases were associated with the orchitis,epididymis phlogistic,scrotal phlogistic,and 1 case showed the right renal agenesis.Conclusion The VCUG and MRI are helpful to check enlarged prostatic utricle in children.They have different advantages in different aspect.

Objective To obtain imaging information of the cervical arteries and vertebral structure of rhesus ma -caques and provide useful reference data for medical research works using macaques as animal models .Methods Six a-dult macaques (3 males and 3 females) in age of 3-5 years, body weight from 3.5 to 5 kg, were used to examine the neck by 320 row spiral CT imaging under general anesthesia , and three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to observe the vertebral artery morphology , and to measure the diameter of vertebral artery and the size of transverse foramen of the ma -caques .Color Doppler ultrasound was combined with 320-CT imaging to assess the blood flow velocity in carotid arteries . After CT scan to make sure that the vertebral artery and cervical vertebra of macaques had no deformity , the size of trans-verse foramen and diameter of vertebral artery were measured in the cross-sectional images .Color Doppler ultrasound was used to analyze the peak systolic velocity ( PSV) , diastolic peak flow velocity ( EDV) and the diameter ( D) of common ca-rotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and vertebral artery (VA) of the ma-caques .Results The 320-CT scan showed that in the monkeys , the vertebral artery enters the cervical spine through the intervertebral foramina at C6, and leaves the cervical spine at C 2 level, and the cervical spine has Luschka joint , which is similar to the anatomic structure in humans .The diameter of left and right vertebral arteries was 1.89 ±0.44 mm and 1.72 ±0.39 mm, respectively , with no significant difference between them in the same segment ( P>0.05 ) , and the size of transverse foramen also had no significant difference in the same segment ( P>0.05 ) .Color Doppler ultrasound showed that the left and right side systolic peak velocity (PSV) and diastolic peak velocity (EDV) of CCA and ICA, the left and right side systolic peak velocity (PSV) of ECA and VA had statistically significant difference (P<0.05), and the left ar-teries were predominant in the macaques .Conclusions In this study we obtained some imaging information of vertebral artery morphology and artery blood flow of macaques and these information may provide some useful basic data for further studies using rhesus macaques as animal models .

Objective To analyze the direct economic burden and average hospitalization cost of lung cancer in China from 2011 to 2015, to provide data support for the prevention and control of lung cancer and health insurance policies. Methods By using inpatient medical record home page dataset to estimate the total hospital expenses of lung cancer. Using the outpatient hospitalization cost ratio of cancer specialized hospitals to estimate the overall medical expenses of lung cancer. Based on the inpatient medical record home page dataset, and analyzed the average hospitalization cost of lung cancer. Results The total cost of lung cancer in China reached 24.31 billion yuan in 2015, accounting for about 0.6％ of the total health expenses; from 2011 to 2015, lung cancer medical costs have concentrated in the grade 3 general hospitals; people over 60 consumed the major medical costs of lung cancer and the proportion was still rising year by year; the average hospitalization cost of lung cancer was reduced in 2015; drug proportion in various hospitals declined steadily from 2011 to 2015; the average hospitalization cost was the highest in the 18 -40 age group. Conclusion The effect of health care reform was gradually revealed, and the increase of medical expenses was controlled within the tolerable range. Notably, we should accelerate the improvement of the price compensation mechanism, and at the same time, we should aim to improve the level of catastrophic health care for the elderly.