This study was aimed to quickly identify Chinese medicine Olibanum.Thermal analysis method was used on the quality analysis of Chinese materia medica (CMM).A total of 25 batches of Olibanum on the market were collected.This study examined three important factors of temperature range,heating rate,powder mesh on the TGA and DTA thermal analysis experiments.And a method of rapid authentication of medicinal materials using TGA and DTA feature maps was built.Methods of the first-order points,connection on thermogravimetric analysis and heat enthalpy calculation were adopted in the quantitative analysis of Olibanum.The results showed that the best condition of TGA and DTA experiment on Olibanum was confirmed.The temperature range is 50-750℃.The heating rate is 20℃· min-1.The powder mesh is 100 mesh.Under these conditions,good quality goods of Olibanum,counterfeit Olibanum and adulterants of Olibanum could be distinguished through the characteristic peak (T1=447 ± 5℃,T2=549 ± 5℃,T3=350 ± 5℃),thermogravimetric analysis (TV-max,△W2+△W3) and thermal enthalpy analysis (△H).It was concluded that the TGA-DTA technology was simple.It was thought to be a rapid,accurate and simple new method for Olibanum identification and quality analysis.