Adult ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of balloon occlusion of distal abdominal aorta for patients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta.Methods Data of 72 patients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta were retrospectively analyzed.There were 53 cases (occlusion group) reserved balloon occlusion in abdominal aorta before cesarean section,which can temporarily blocked abdominal aortic blood flow during operation.The other 19 cases (non-occlusion group) underwent cesarean section without balloon occlusion of abdominal aorta.The intraoperative,post operative situations and the birth state of newborn of the two groups were compared.Results The bleeding,blood transfusion and hysterectomy rate during the operation in occlusion group were less than those in non-occlusion group (all P＜ 0.05).Differences of the rate of postoperative transferring to intensive care unit (ICU) and the time in ICU were statistically significant between two groups (both P ＜0.05).No statistical difference of operation time,postoperative total hospital stay time and the rate of postoperative infection was found between two groups (both P＞0.05).There was no statistical difference of newborns weight and Apgar scores (5 min and 10 min after birth) between two groups (all P＞0.05).Conclusion The balloon occlusion of distal abdominal aorta in cesarean section for patients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta is safe and feasible,which can effectively reduce the intraoperative bleeding,the blood transfusion and the risk of hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to observe the postoperative pain rate and degree of pain in preschool children with cleft lip and palate, and investigate the effect of nursing intervention on pain relief.

METHODSA total of 120 hospitalized cases of three- to seven-year-old preschool children with cleft lip and palate were selected from May to October 2011. The subjects were randomly divided into the control group and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. The control group used conventional nursing methods, experimental group 1 used analgesic drug treatment, experimental group 2 used psychological nursing interventions, and experimental group 3 used both psychological nursing intervention and analgesic drug treatment. After 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, pain self-assessment, pain parent-assessment, and pain nurse-assessment were calculated for the four groups using the pain assessment forms, and their ratings were compared.

RESULTSThe postoperative pain rates of the four groups ranged from 50.0% to 73.3%. The difference among the four groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The differences among the control group and experimental groups 1 and 2 were not statistically significant (P = 0.871), whereas the differences among experimental group 3 and the other groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONPostoperative pain in preschool children with cleft lip and palate is common. Psychological nursing intervention with analgesic treatment is effective in relieving postoperative pain.

Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Humans ; Pain, Postoperative

A series of novel N-acyl-thiochromenothiazol-2-amine derivatives were designed and synthesized, furthermore, their inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase was investigated. N-Acyl-thiochromenothiazol-2-amines were prepared from thiophenol by Hantzsch reaction, acylation reaction and substitution reaction. Moreover, their bioactivities as AChE inhibitors in vitro were measured with Ellman spectrophotometry. The results showed that most of them had a certain inhibition activity on AChE, and the compound 10a was the best in them. The IC50 of 10a to AChE is 7.92 μmol x L(-1), and the value is better than that of rivastigmine. N-Acyl-thiochromenothiazol-2-amine derivatives showed a certain bioactivity in vitro, which were worth further investigation.
Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Amines ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Benzopyrans ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Rivastigmine ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiazoles ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology

N-Acyl-4-phenylthiazole-2-amines were designed and synthesized, moreover their effects on acetylcholinesterase activities were tested. N-Acyl-4-phenylthiazole-2-amines were prepared from substituted 2-bromo-1-acetophenones by three steps reaction, and their AChE inhibitory activities were measured by Ellman method in vitro. The results showed that the target compounds had a certain inhibitory activity on AChE in vitro. Among them, 8c was the best, and IC50 of 8c was 0.51 micromol x L(-1), better than that of rivastigmine and Huperzine-A. The inhibitory activities of N-acyl-4-phenylthiazole-2-amines on acetylcholinesterase are worth while to be further studied.
Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Amines ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Rivastigmine ; pharmacology ; Sesquiterpenes ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiazoles ; pharmacology

A series of novel 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized, furthermore, their inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase were investigated. 2-Amino-4-phenylthiazoles were prepared from alpha-bromoacetophenones by Hantzsch reaction, acylation reaction and substitution reaction. Moreover, their bioactivities as AChE inhibitors in vitro were measured with Ellman spectrophotometry. The results showed that most of them had a certain inhibition activity on AChE, and the compound 8a was the best of them. The IC50 of 8a to AChE is 3.54 micromol x L(-1), and the value was better than that of rivastigmine. 2-Amino-4-phenylthiazole derivatives showed a certain bioactivity in vitro, which were worth further investigation.
Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Structure ; Thiazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of L-838,417 on the results of behavioral test in rats with experimentally induced trigeminal neuralgia.

METHODSMale SD rats were randomized into model group (n=34), sham-operated group (n=30) and control group (n=6). Thirty rats with trigeminal neuralgia induced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve below the zygomatic bone were randomly divided into 5 equal groups for treatment with 1.0 mg/kg L-838,417 (L1 group), 10.0 mg/kg L-838,417 (L10 group), 5 mg/kg morphine (M group), 3 mg/kg diazepam (D group), or normal saline (NS group). The pain threshold of the tentacles pad to von-Frey filament stimulation was measured in the rats before and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 h after the treatments. The sedative effect of L-838,417 was evaluated by recording the position scores and righting reflex scores, and the drug tolerance was also evaluated.

RESULTSNine days after the operation, the pain threshold of the rats in the model group was significantly decreased compared with that before operation and that of the sham group (P<0.01). The threshold of L1 and L10 groups were both significantly increased 1 h after L-838,417 administration (P<0.01). The rats in the NS, L1, and L10 groups did not show unusual posture or righting reflex. In L1 and L10 groups, L838,417 did not show attenuated efficacy after prolonged use (10 days).

CONCLUSIONL-838,417 can effectively improve hyperalgesia in rats with trigeminal neuralgia without causing sedation, motor impairment, or drug tolerance.

Animals ; Fluorobenzenes ; pharmacology ; Hyperalgesia ; drug therapy ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triazoles ; pharmacology ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Animals ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 ; pharmacology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Stomach ; metabolism

Objective To compare the dijference of prostate cancer detection rate (PCDR) between 12 + 1-core biopsy and 6-core biopsy of the prostate system guided by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS).Methods The clinical data of 2 707 patients with prostate biopsy from July 1999 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.These patients were 54 to 92 years old,mean age was 69 years old.The range of PSA was 0.02-158.56 ng/ml,with an average of 16.97 ng/mt.People in the range of PSA 0-4.00,4.01-10.00,10.01-20.00,20.01-30.00,and ＞ 30.00 were 161,826,827,312,581,respectively.The volume of the prostate ranged from 14.1 to 82.6 cm3,mean 47.9 cm3.The 1 603 cases before the July 2009 were performed 6-core biopsy guided by the finger,followed by 1104 TRUS-guided 12 + 1-core biopsy.In addition,after March 2012,60 patients accepeted the MRI examination before prostate biopsy.The strategy of prostate biopsy was medial 6-core,lateral 6-core,the 13th core was positioned at abnormal signal area of TRUS and MRI.Explore the difference of PCDR medial 6-core,lateral 6-core,systematic 12-and 12 + 1-core,and the difference of 13th core and the other 12 cores,with the cut off value of PSA quartile of 30 ng/ml and PV quartile of 46 cm3.Results Comparison of clinical characteristics of prostate biopsy between positive group and negative group was performed,and the result suggested that The positive outcome of prostate cancer biopsy was related with element such as high PSA,old age [(71.7 ±7.1)vs.(68.3 ± 8.1),P =0.008],large fPSA [(8.5 ± 36.4) vs.(2.3 ± 3.4),P ＜ 0.001],small prostate volume [(41.3 ±22.9) vs.(52.3 ±29.3),P ＜0.001],small value of f/t[(0.12 ± 0.07) vs.(0.17 ±0.10,P ＜0.001)],high density of PSA [(2.04 ± 9.36) vs.(0.32 ± 0.42),P ＜ 0.001],digital rectal examination [72.0％ (522/725) vs.23.1％ (457/1 982),P ＜ 0.001],irregular echo level [41.1％ (695/1 693) vs.28.0％ (284/1 014),P ＜ 0.001],hypoechoic [64.3％ (695/1 081) vs.17.5％ (284/1 626),P ＜ 0.001],microcalcifcation[56.8％ (586/1 032) vs.23.5％ (393/ 675),P ＜ 0.001].PCDR of 12 + 1-core biopsy was significantly higher than lateral 6-core biopsy[41.5％ (458/1 104)vs.37.0％ (408/1 104),P =0.033].However,PCDR of 12-core biopsy had no statistical differences with 6-core biopsy[40.7％ (449/1 104) vs.37.0％ (408/1 104),P =0.081].PCDR of TRUS-guided biopsy was higher than that of finger-guided biopsy in patients with PSA≤30 ng/ml and PV ＞46 cm3 [30.0％ (254/846)vs.22.2％ (284/1 280),P ＜0.001;31.7％ (124/391)vs.18.1％ (131/723),P ＜0.001].PCDR of the 13th core positioned at abnormal signal area of TRUS and MRI was higher than the average PCDR of other 12 cores [70.9％ (107/151) vs.56.6％ (3 109/5 496),P ＜ 0.001].Conclusion PCDR of TRUS-guided biopsy was higher than that of finger-guided biopsy in patients with PSA≤30 ng/ml and PV ＞46 cm3.PCDR of 12 + 1-core biopsy was significantly higher than that of lateral 6-core biopsy.However,PCDR of 12-core biopsy had no statistical differences with that of 6-core biopsy.PCDR of the 13th core positioned at abnormal signal area of TRUS was higher than the average PCDR of other 12 cores.

Aim: To explore the in situ intestinal absorption in rats of ZLR-8, an insoluble NO-donor drug, and to compare the intestinal absorption enhancement by spray-dried emulsion. Methods: Intestine of rats was cannulat-ed for in situ perfusion. UV and HPLC methods were used to monitor phenolsulfonphthalein and ZLR-8, respec-tively. The effects on ZLR-8 absorption of the intestinal segments, the concentration of ZLR-8 and the pH of the circulating perfusate were studied. The absorption of ZLR-8 suspension was compared to that of the spray-dried emulsion. Results: 1-h in situ intestinal perfusion of the spray-dried emulsion allowed the estimation of the absor-tion percentage to be (23. 54 ± 1. 40) %, (15. 95 ± 0. 09) %, (12. 30 ± 0. 74) %, (3. 98 ± 0. 12) %, respec-tively; the absorption rate constants in duodenum, colon, jejunum and ileum to be (0.248 6 ±0.046 0) h~(-1), (0. 143 7 ±0. 036 0) h~(-1), (0. 069 2 ±0. 001 3) h~(-1), (0. 020 8 ±0. 000 4) h~(-1), respectively. Significant differ-ences in absorption characteristics were found among intestinal segments. In the range of 3. 4-9. 4, pH of the per-fuate had significant influence on the absorption of ZLR-8, and better absorption appeared at pH of 5. 4 to 7. 4. It was found that the absorption rate constant was unaffected by ZLR-8 concentration. However, the absorption amount was proportional to ZLR-8 concentration. Compared to the ZLR-8 suspension, the in situ intestinal absorption of ZLR-8 in rats given the spray-dried emulsion increased significantly. Conclusion: It was only found that ZLR-8 administered in suspension has minor absorption in rat duodenum while no apparent absorption occurred in other segemnts. ZLR-8 in spray-dried emulsion was fairly absorbed in the rat intestinal segments. Passive diffusion was invloved in the absorption of ZLR-8. Spray-dried emulsion significantly enhanced the intestinal absorption of ZLR-8 in rats.