Cerebral revascularization has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral aneurysm, moyamoya disease, and basicranial tumor. Whether it can be used in the prevention of ischemic stroke remains controversial, but a growing body of research has demonstrated its benefits. This article reviews the present application situation of the revascularization.

Injectable bone substitutes can repair bone defect via percutaneous injection, including organic bone graft materials and inorganic bone graft materials. Furthermore, some materials considered as vector can composite with cells to generate tissue engineering materials, which are injected into bone graft to improve fusion rate. The development of injectable bone substitutes provides a new way to treat some relative diseases. Here, the article was divided three parts to introduce biological characteristics and clinical application of organic bone substitute materials, inorganic bone substitute materials, and bone tissue engineering vector materials. Although bone tissue engineering research achieves some effects initially, there are still a lot of problems, such as collection and preparation of extracellular matrix materials, composite and transplantation of cell and vector; all of them need to be further studied.

BACKGROUND:Kunming mouse embryonic fibroblasts are the most common feeder layers at present, and there are rare reports addressing C57BL/6 mouse embryonic fibroblasts as feeder layers.
OBJECTIVE:To separate and culture C57BL/6 mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro, and produce feeder layers to enlarge the resources of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
METHODS:C57BL/6 mouse embryonic fibroblasts were isolated and cultured by trypsin digestion method in vitro. The biological characteristics and growth rule of the fibroblasts were investigated, then the feeder layers for the cel culture were produced. The growth of cel colonies on the prepared feeder layer was tested.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:C57BL/6 mouse embryonic fibroblasts grew wel with a large amount, by trypsin digestion method at different concentrations. There was no significance in the survival rate after cryopreservation for 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. The cel s were proliferative from the second to fifth passage and declined sharply after the sixth passage. The planted mouse embryonic fibroblasts feeder layers had a high activity within 3 days, but got a sharp decline after 4 days. So it is best to use C57BL/6 mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers within 3 days after they’re inactivated. C57BL/6 mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layer can support embryonic stem cel s and induce pluripotent stem cel s to grow as Kunming mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Objective To discuss drug resistance of wound-isolated pseudomonas aeruginosa and its correlation with use of antibiotics in children,for guiding the clinical use of antibiotics.Methods One hundred and forty wounded children admitted from January 2009 and December 2013 were collected in the study.There were 97 males and 43 females,aged (5.4 ± 2.6) years.All were victims of road traffic accidents.Distribution of bacteria isolated from the wound and drug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected.Twenty-seven children with pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were divided into imipenem-resistant group (n =7) and non-imipenem resistant group (n =20).Drug resistance and application intensity of antibiotics were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 64 pathogens were isolated from the wound culture.Top five bacteria detected were acinetobacter baumannii,pseudomonas aeruginosa,enterobacter cloacae,escherichia coli and staphylococcus epidermidis.Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance to β-lactam antibiotics,tetracyclines,chloram-phenicol and sulfanilamide.Drug resistance of piperacillin tazobactam (64.7％),meropenem (100％),ceftazidime (64.7％) and piperacillin (76.5％) in imipenem-resistant group were all 40％ higher than that in nonimipenem resistant group (P ＜ 0.05).Imipenem-resistant group versus non-imipenem resistant group revealed no significant differences in drug resistant rate of azactan (76.5％,39.0％),cefepime (70.6％,29.3％) and gentamicin (35.3％,17.1％) (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in total application intensity of antibiotics between the groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Wound-isolated pseudomonas aeruginosa in children is multidrug resistant.Thus bacterial monitoring in children with traumatic wounds should be strengthened and antibiotics should be selected rationally to reduce the production of multidrug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objective To investigate the application value of multi-slice CT enterography (MSCTE)in diagnosing intestinal tuberculosis (ITB)and Crohn’s disease (CD).Methods MSCTE findings were retrospectively analyzed in 25 patients with ITB and in other 25 patients with CD diagnosed through endoscopy,pathologic examination and clinical follow-up.Statistical analysis was performed to find out the difference in CT findings between the ITB and CD.Results 25 patients with CD included the involved ileum in 23,involved duode-num and jejunum in 8,multiple segmental lesions in 20,asymmetrically thickened intestinal wall in 20,hierarchical reinforcement in 1 9,mesenteric vascular hyperplasia in 20,fibrofatty hyperplasia in 18,peritoneal abscess or fistula in 8,anal fistula in 1,and pseu-do-diverticulum formation in the intestinal wall on the opposite side of the mesentery in 2.Meanwhile,the other 25 patients with ITB included the involved terminal ileum in 25,symmetrically thickened intestinal wall in 23,annular enhancement of lymph nodes in 11,thickened peritoneum and omentum together with distinct enhancement,or intestinal adhesion,or ascites appeared in 15.The CD was more likely to represent multiple segmental lesions,asymmetrically thickened intestinal wall,hierarchical reinforcement,mesenteric vascular hyperplasia,fibrofatty hyperplasia,and peritoneal abscess or fistula formation (P <0.05).Meanwhile,the ITB was more likely to represent the lesion only in ileum,symmetrically thickened intestinal wall,and annular enhancement of lymph nodes (P <0.05).Conclusion MSCTE shows promising clinical application in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CD and ITB.

Objective:To investigate the Migration ability toward human pancreatic carcinoma cell line and human colon carcinoma cell line with difference HSP 70 plasma membrane expression .Methods: CD3-CD56+NK cells were obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear(PBMC)in stem cell growth medium SCGM,2μg/ml TKD was added to the medium on 10th day,the ac-tivating receptor CD94/NKG2C expression levels on NK cells was detected with FAC after 4 days.The human pancreatic carcinoma cell line Colo357 and the human colon carcinoma cell line CW 2 were separated into Colo+and CW2+with high HSP70 expression and Colo-and CW2-with low HSP70 expression;Migration assays of NK to the four difference cell lines were performed in a Transwell cell culture system.The cytolytic activity of TKD-activated NK cells against the four subline with HSP 70 expression on their cell surface was analyzed by MTT assay.Results:Flow cytometry analysis showed that CD 3-CD56+NK cells could expanded after 2 weeks in SCGM medium,and the largest percentage of NK cell was (92.50 ±1.25 )%.CD94 expression levels on NK cells increased obviously after TKD inducement the cell surface HSP 70 expression of Colo+, Colo-were ( 78.2 ±2.2 )% and ( 27.3 ±1.2 )% separately , the cell surface HSP70 expression of CW2+,CW2-were (91.1±2.5)%and (18.2±1.0)%separately after FACS;the Migration of NK cells toward Colo+was (68.6±2.8)%,higher than the migration toward Colo-with (22.8±1.5)%;the Migration of NK cells toward CW2+was(73.5±2.7)%,higher than the migration toward CW2-with (18.2±1.3)%;the cytolytic activity of NK against Colo +was(61.2± 3.0)%compared to (24.5 ±1.5)%against Colo-when the ratio of effector cells and target cell was 20 ∶1,the cytolytic activity of NK against CW2+was (63.8±3.2)%compared to (22.4±1.8)% against CW2-when the ratio of effector cells and target cell was 20∶1.Conclusion:TKD-activated NK cells are highly efficient cytolytic effector cells which have stronger significant migration toward HSP70-positive tumor target cells on their cell surface in vitro .

Objective:To investigate the antitumor effect of TKD-activated NK cells on tumor growth inhibition of human pancreatic carcinoma in nude mice .Methods:CD3-CD56+NK cells were obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear ( PBMC) in stem cell growth medium SCGM , 2 μg/ml TKD was added to the medium on day 10.The activating receptor CD 94/NKG2C expression levels on NK cells was detected with FAC after 4 days.The cytolytic activity of TKD-activated NK cells against human pancreatic carcinoma subline with HSP 70 expression on their cell surface was analyzed by MTT assay .Established a new model of orthotopic-transplantation tumor of human pancreas .NK cells were injected i.v.into the tail vein of tumor-bearing mice on day 15,the antitumor activity of the NK were evaluated .The capacity to infiltrate Colo 357 tumors in SCID/beige mice was detected with Immunohis-tochemistry.Results:Flow cytometry analysis showed that CD3-CD56+NK cells could expanded in SCGM medium ,and the average percentage of NK cell was (87.50 ±1.35 )%.CD94 expression levels on NK cells increased obviously ,the mean fluorescence intensity of CD94 was(220.56±1.82),compared to (68.72±1.85)of control group cell.The cytolytic activity against HSP70 membrane-positive pancreatic carcinoma sublines Colo 357 cells was high and there was significantly statistical difference between TKD-activated NK cells and unactivated NK cells.The cytolytic activity was(68.72±2.55)%when ratio of effector cells and target cell was 40:1.TKD-activated NK cells had a stronger suppressive effect on tumor growth in BALB /c nude mice bearing Colo 357 cells in vivo ,Median inhibitory rates was ( 61.3 ±1.5 )% .There was significant statistical difference compare to control group ( P <0.01 ) .The result of Immunohistochemistry indicated that predominantly NK cells induced with TKD had the capacity to infiltrate Colo 357 tumors in SCID/beige mice.Conclusion: TKD-activated NK cells are highly efficient cytolytic effector cells which have a stronger significant suppression against pancreatic carcinoma growth in vivo .

Objective To investigate the localization,zone and activation intensity of olfactory center in young versus elderly healthy volunteers by functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI),so as to elucidate the effect of age on olfactory center in healthy population.Methods Thirteen right-handed healthy adult volunteers were recruited and divided into two groups:young group (5 males and 3 females,mean aged 23 years) and elderly group (2 males and 3 females,mean aged 69.2 years).The olfactory stimulus was r-undecalactone,and it was given according to a block design.The fMRI detection was performed on Philips Achieva 3.0 T MR scanner,and data of BOLE-fMRI was processed and analyzed to get cerebration image by using SPM2.Results In groupaveraged maps,both young and elderly group showed significant olfactory activation in right parahippocampal gyrus,left hippocampal sulcus,right and left superior temporal gyrus,etc,subcortical activation in right thalamus,dorsal pons,and cerebellum activation in cerebellar vermis.Activations in right inferior frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus,right medial occipito-temporal gyrus and right fimbria of hippocampus were observed only in young group,while activation in bilateral middle temporal gyrus was observed only in elderly group.Activation area was apparently smaller and activation degree was lower in elderly group than in young group.Activation intensity in right superior parietal lobule and bilateral superior temporal gyri was higher in male group than in female group (t=13.7,6.08,5.36,respectively,all P＜0.001).Conclusions The intensity of activation in olfactory center is lower in the elderly than in the young,and absence of part of the active regions is found in the elderly,which demonstrates the regression of olfactory center in the elderly.The olfactory center shows right-predominant activation,and olfactory activation intensity in some cortical regions is higher in males than in females.

Stroke has high incidence,long course,high mutilation rate and high mortality rate,which brings heavy economic burden to patients and the society. This article introduces the research methods and achievements of economic burden of stroke; identifies the latest trend and the gap of applying these methods in this research area in China,in order to provide methodological reference for related research in the future.

Using Brass-Logit model and life tables for general population and Down's syndrome patients in U.S.A and lire tables for general population in China,we estimated the life table of Down's syndrome patients in China.Through comparing with data from other countries,we suggested that BrassLogit Model Life Table could be adopted were minimum data of birth defects survival was available and systematic data was handy in another areas.