Objective To explore the effect of treadmill training on inspiratory function and its association with improvement of exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The 12 moderate to severe COPD patients were allocated to lower-limb exercise training for 12weeks. The routine tests of pulmonary ventilation function, diffusion function,lung volume, peak inspiratory flow (PIF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), symptom-limited progressive cycle ergometer exercise tests and constant work rate exercise tests were administered before and after the training program. During the constant work rate exercise tests, tidal breathing flow volume (TBFV) curves were recorded every 1 mir. Results After treadmill training, the exercise duration (T) (t=7. 357, P＜0. 001), peak work rate (WRpeak) (t=3. 614, P＜0.05), MIP (t=4.754, P＜0. 001) and PIF (t=2. 440, P＜0. 05) increased significantly. The tidal PIF (t=- 2.747, P＜0.05) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (t = - 4.487, P＜ 0.05 ) decreased significantly at isotime. Maxium inspiratory flow reserve (△FLOWinsp) (t = 2. 755, P ＜ 0. 05 ) increased significantly at isotime, and maxium expiratory flow reserve (△FLOWexp) (t = 1. 326, P ＞ 0.05)showed no significant changes; The△T were positively correlated with △MIP (r=0. 613, P＜0. 05),△PIF (r=0.497, P＜0.05) and △FLOWinsp (r=0.592, P＜0.05). Conclusions Lower limb exercise training improves inspiratory function of COPD patients. The improvement of exercise endurance in moderate to severe COPD patients after lower limb exercise training is due to increases of inspiratory muscle strength, maxium PIF and inspiratory flow reserve.

BACKGROUND:To ensure the catheter position is very important for interventional catheters. In emergency, rapid and accurate catheter insertion is required. Ultrasound can real-time track the movement of catheters in vivo. It is safe to patient, which has exhibited a bright future in catheter placement. OBJECTIVE: To compare the current methods for improving ultrasonic localization methods and to prospect the future development and improvement of real-time ultrasonic localization of catheters in vivo. METHODS: Literature search was carried out based on PubMed (1990-01/2015-04) and Espacenet with the key words of catheter, ultrasonic guidance, ultrasound localization, enhanced localization for the initial retrieval of relevant articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:To improve the image quality and increase the accuracy of catheter placement by ultrasound, recent efforts have been focused on two paths. One is to improve the resolution of ultrasonic images by enhancing ultrasound equipment or ultrasonic guidance system. The other is to modify catheter itself to obtain high acoustic impedance differential and improve its echogenicity. The latter approach can be potentialy applied in al kinds of catheters and is more economical and practical. Therefore, in future researches, innovation and design of catheter materials for catheter fabricating wil play an important role in promoting the real-time ultrasonic localization of catheters.

For this cross-sectional study , the clinical data of 1979 patients at our emergency department from October 2012 to June 2013 were collected and analyzed.The relevant data included gender , age,visit time,complaints,signs and diagnosis.The ratio of female:male was 1 to 0.71.The age groups of 50-59 and 70-79 years were the most.The peak of visit time was 8-10 am accounting for 21.26%.The common complaints included dizziness ,headache and paralysis.The most frequent emergency diseases were acute cerebral vascular accident , dizziness or vertigo due to various diseases , headache and peripheral neuropathy.Ischemis stroke was the top one disease in elders.Conclusion The middle-aged and elderly are the main populations at our emergency department.And cerebrovascular disease is a common disease.

Objective To evaluate MRI diagnostic value for single lesion characteristics in the splenium of corpus callosum.Methods MRI features,clinical data,and parts of follow-up results of 9 cases with single lesion in the splenium of corpus callosum were analyzed retrospectively.Results (1)Clinical manifestations:headache and dizziness occurred in 4 cases,syncope in 3 cases,fever in 2 cases, physical activity barriers in 2 cases.(2)Clinical diagnosis:hypoglycemic encephalopathy were rescaned one month later in 3 cases, in which the previous lesion completely disappeared.Clinical experience of encephalitis were improved after treatment in 2 cases. Cerebral infarction,epilepsy,brain injury and degeneration were diagnosed respectively in each one case,in which lesion still existed after treatmented.(3)Image findings:despite the different clinical manifestations,image features of all cases were quite similar. Round or foliated like lesions of slightly long T1 and long T2 signals in the splenium of corpus callosum were presented in all cases. High signals on diffusion weighted imaging and low signals on the ADC were showed with same lesions,andno obvious enhancement after contract media injected was seen.Conclusion Single lesions in the splenium of corpus callosum are showed in many diseases. The image features of hypoglycemic encephalopathy or encephalitis have certain characteristics (single lesion is reversible).Accurate diagnosis need to combine with clinical data and medical history.

OBJECTIVE:To study the interaction mechanism between flavonoids and human serum albumin (HSA),and to compare the effects of different B-ring substitutions(hydroxyl,methoxyl group)of flavonoids on macromolecular receptor. METH-ODS:The interaction regularity between three flavonoids with different B-ring substitutions(quercetin,hesperetin,methyl hespere-tin) and HSA was studied with fluorescence spectroscopy,the fluorescence quenching types between 3 flavonoids and HSA were determined and analyzed,and the velated binding constant,binding site and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. RE-SULTS:The quenching constants (Ksv) and binding constants (KA) were decreased with the increase of temperatures. The number of binding site(n)was approximately equal to one,and the thermodynamic parameters ΔH<0,ΔS>0,the binding interaction of these compounds with macromolecules was influenced because of the difference of the B-ring substituents. CONCLUSIONS:The quenching mechanism between three flavonoids and HSA was static quenching;the number of binding site was one;the interaction force of the three compounds with HSA was mainly static electricity,and hydroxyl group in the B-ring was likely the major active group and exerted stronger binding force than methoxyl group to connect with macromolecules.

ObjectiveTo prospectively compare the effects of Prestige LP cervical disc replacement with those of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in treatment of cervical disc herniation.MethodsFrom January 2008 to March 2010,a total of 87 patients were enrolled at our site as study investigating ACDF versus Prestige LP cervical disc prosthesis.Forty-four patients received the investigational device (arthroplasty group) and 43 underwent a single-level ACDF (fusion group).Visual analogue scale(VAS) neck/arm pain,Japanese Orthopedics Association (JOA) score,Short Form-36 (SF-36) both physical and mental,flexion-extension range of motion of operative and adjacent segments were evaluated preoperatively and 1 week and 3,6,12,24 months postoperatively.ResultsA total of 78 patients (89.7％) were followed up for an average 12.4 months(range,6-24).Both groups have favorably demonstrated improved functional outcomes for JOA,VAS scores and SF-36.The improvement in the VAS and JOA scores were equivalent at each follow-up point between the two groups(P＞0.05).However,arthroplasty group had statistically significant improvement as assessed by the SF-36 scores compared with the fusion group at some follow-up points (P＜0.05).In arthroplasty group,the postoperative range of motion of operative and adjacent segments showed no statistical difference with the preoperative counterpart(P＞0.05),and fusion was successful in 92.1％ of control patients.ConclusionPrestige LP cervical disc replacement is a feasible alternative to ACDF for patients with persistently symptomatic cervical disc disease and matching the inclusion criteria.

OBJECTIVE Toexploretheantidepressanteffectsofalbiflorinandtheinvolvementof hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis function in its antidepressant potency.METHODS Two weeks after the olfactory bulbectomized (OB)surgery,albiflorin (2.5 ,5.0 ,10.0 mg·kg -1 ,ig) and imipramine 5.0 mg·kg -1 (ig)were given to rats twice a day for 14 d.The open-field test was con-ducted to evaluate the move ment distance,move ment ti me and velocity of olfactory bulbecto mized rats and sham-operated rats.The serum levels of corticosterone(CORT)and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)in rats were measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of glucocorticoids receptor (GR)in the hippocampus of the rats were analyzed using Western blot proce-dures.RESULTS Comparedwithsham-operatedrats,movementdistance,movementtimeandveloci-ty of the OB rats were significantly increased (P<0.01 ).Albiflorin 1 0.0 mg·kg -1 significantly reduced the movement distance,movement time and velocity of OB rats (P<0.05)after being given for 7 d. The movement properties were significantly reduced by albiflorin 5.0 and 10.0 mg·kg -1 when given for 14 d (P<0.05).The OB rats demonstrated significantly increased levels of serum CORT and ACTH (P<0.01 )and decreased GR expression in the hippocampus (P<0.01 ).Albiflorin 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mg·kg -1 significantly reduced the serum CORT and ACTH levels (P<0.05),while albiflorin 5.0 and10.0mg·kg-1increasedtheexpressionofhippocampalGR(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Albiflorin may have re markable behavioral antidepressant effects on olfactory rats and one of the related mecha-nis ms may be its regulation of the hyperactivity of HPA axis function.

In recent years, more and more research shows that the pharmacokinetic parameter of traditional Chinese medicine can be affected by the disease states. It's possible that drug metabolic enzymes, transporters, cell membrane permeability and the change of microbes group could be interfered with physiological and pathological changes, which enables the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine in the body to be altered, including the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters of traditional chinese medicine are altered. It's found that investigating the pharmacokinetic of traditional Chinese medicine in the pathological state is more useful than that of in normal state because the great part of traditional Chinese medicine is mainly used to treat disease. This article reflects the latest research on the pharmacokinetic of traditional Chinese medicine in the disease state such as diabete, cerebral ischemia, liver injury, inflammatory disease, nervous system disorders and fever in order to provide certain reference for clinicians designing reasonable administration dose.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nervous System Diseases ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the awaken effect of naloxon on dexmedetomidine anesthetized mice and its mechanism. Methods Thirty Kunming mice of clean grade were randomly divided into 3 groups which included NAL group (Naloxon group), ATI group(Atipamezole group)and NS group (Normal Saline group). All groups were given dexme?detomidine 1 mg·kg-1 intraperitoneally. Naloxon 2 mg·kg-1, atipamezole 2 mg·kg-1 and normal saline 10 mL·kg-1 were ran?domly given intraperitoneally to the NAL, ATI and NS group respectively 90 minutes after dexmedetomidine administration. At timepoints prior to dexmedetomidine administration and 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 95, 105, 120, 180 minutes after it, the sedative and analgesic effects besides recovery time (based on restore of righting reflex loss) were assessed. Results Sedation and analgesia effects became apparent within 5 minutes, and peaked at approximately 60 minutes then spontaneously recovered at 180 minutes after injection of dexmedetomidine. The sedative and analgesic effects were reduced in both ATI and NAL groups. Compared with ATI group, the sedation scores were higher at 95, 105 and 120 minutes after dexmedetomidine admin?istration than those in NAL group (P<0.05) but the scores were not statistically significant at 180 minutes between these two groups. Compared with NS group, the sedation scores were lower at time points of 95, 105, 120 and 180 minutes than those in NAL group (P>0.05). The analgesic scores were not statistically significant at time points of 95, 105, 120 and 180 min?utes between NAL group and ATI group, but they were lower in NAL group compared with NS group at timepoints of 95, 105 and 120 minutes (P>0.05). The recovery time in ATI and NAL group were shorter than that in NS group (F=1 793.368, P<0.05), but it showed no statistical difference between ATI group and NAL group (P>0.05). Conclusion Naloxone had a certain awaken effect on dexmedetomidine anesthetized mice.

Objective Establishing the drug?resistant Candida albicans disseminative infected mice model for new drug screening. Methods The disseminative infected mouse model was generated by intravenously injecting a clinical Drug?resistant Candida albicans strain ( CaR) to immunosuppressive ICR mice. The features of model was evaluated by clinical symptom, survival condition, fungal burden in tissue, histopathology, cytokines assay and medication. Results After infected with CaR (0 day), the death of mice started at the first day, though, compared to clinical drug sensitive strain ( CaS) infected group, the difference of mortality rate in 16?day observation period was not significant in two groups (CaR, 90?7%;CaS, 86?2%, P =0?158), mice in CaR group died faster than those in CaS group at the early stage;On the fourth day of infection, Candida albicans could be detected in the different tissues, and we found fungal burden in kidney and brain was a significant difference. The typical granuloma caused by fungal infection was the main histopathological feature observed in the kidney, brain and heart. Cytokines in renal tissue were detected by flow cytometry, The changes of IL?1α,IL?6,TNF?αand IFN?γin kidney were significant. Compared with CaS group, IL?1 and IFN?γ were significantly higher and TNF?αdecreased significantly in CaR group. The mice of groups CaR and CaS were treated with 10 mg/kg fluconazole, the mortality rates were 83?3% and 37?5%, which have a significant difference. Conclusions In this study, we successfully established a drug?resistant Candida albicans disseminative infected mice model which is potential tool for the development of new anti?infectious agent.