Objective To evaluate the existence of occult peritoneal metastasis,Douglas′ pouch biopsy was undertaken intraoperatively in patients with gastric cancer. Methods From April 1998 to August 1999, Douglas′ pouch biopsy was performed in 16 cases of gastric cancer during laparotomy in which obvious distant peritoneal metastasis was not found by inspection or palpation.[WT5”HZ] Results Occult peritoneal metastasis in Douglas′s pouch was established in 5 out of the 16 cases,while the invasion depth of primary tumor were all under S stage category and the numbers of regional lymph node metastasis were 7 and up.Conclusion[WT5”BZ] At stages when gastric cancer invaded the visceral serosa, peritoneal biopsy in Douglas′ pouch must be performed as routine procedure in order to detect occult distant peritoneal metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the tention free repair on patient with abdominal insicion hernia. Methods 15 cases of abdominal insicion hernia were reviewed, all of them were repaired with polypropylene mesh. The mesh was overlaid on the defect, continuously monofilament nonabsorbable suture was used to fix the mesh on the edge of the defect and the mesh must be overlapped 2 cm on fascia abdominal layer and fixed by suture. Prophylactic antibiotics was used routinely in single dose. Result No relapse was found in follow up(rang 15～38 month). Conclusion The tension free hernia repair with polypropylene mesh in patient with abdominal incision hernia is a safe and simple operation with minimal postoperative pain.

Extracellular recordings were made in nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGL) of the rat in response to stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductoral gray matter (dPAG), ventrolateral periaqueductuctoral gray matter (vPAG), deep peroneal nerve (DPN), median nerve (MN) and great splanchnic nerve (GSPL). Stimulation of dPAG or MN evoked mainly excitatory responses while the responses to stimulation of vPAG were inhibitory. However, stimulation of GSPL or DPN produced both inhibitory and excitatory responses. These neurons were not only responsive to one stimulation site, but were likely responsive to any other stimulation sites. Eighty-nine percent of cells tested (73/82) received convergent inputs from two or more sites. Sixty percent (21/35) of the neurons were identified as cardiovascular units based on their barosensitivity and slow conduction velocities of the descending axons projecting into the spinal cord. This result provided new evidence for the integrative function of neurons in PGL under some circumstances.

Objective To study the transfection effects of nuclear factor-KappaB(NF-κB)decoy oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) to Kupffer cells (KCs) mediated by lipofectamine,and investigate it's suppression effects on KCs activation. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8).(1)Control group,in which the normal KCs were isolated.(2)LPS group,in which 1 ms/L LPs was added to the culture system.(3)NF-κB decoy ODN group,in which KCs were transduced with NF-κB decoy ODN (4μg×105KCs)prior to LPS stimulation.The transfection efficiency Was assayed,and the phagocytosis function,NF-κB(P65) translocation,CD40 mRNA expression of KCs were also detected respectively. Results Kupffer cells were obviously activated after LPS stimulation.the phagocytosis function was reinforced.the activity of NF-κB transloeated from cytoplasm into nucleus was obviosly increaced.The co-stimulatory molecules expression(CD40 mRNA)significantly increased compared with control group(t=4.01,P<0.01).NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides can efficiently transfected into KCs mediated by lipofectamine,which can obviously suppress KCs activation,and downregulate the expression of downstream gene(compared with LPS group,t=4.89,P<0.01). Condusion NF-κB decoy ODN can efficiently transfect into KCs and inhibit it's activation.

ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the prevalence,awareness and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) between urban and rural population in Guangxi province in order to provide information for prevention and treatment of CKD.MethodsBy a stratified multistage random sampling method,18 to 74 years old residents in Guangxi province were surveyed. They wereevaluatedbyquestionnaire,urinaryalbumin/creatinineratio, hematuria (microscopic examination of centrifuged urine sediment),kidney B-mode ultrasound,and abnormal results were reviewed 3 months later.Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) was calculated with the simplified MDRD equation modified by a Chinese coefficient.The risk factors associated with CKD were also investigated.Results There were no significant differences between urban and rural residents in the prevalence of albuminuria (5.22％ vs 5.47％) and hematuria (1.07％ vs 1.11％)(all P＞0.05).The prevalence of renal lithiasis in rural residents was significantly higher than that in the town(10.54％ vs 6.95％)(P＜0.05).The decreased renal function between urban and rural residents(3.87％ vs 4.04％,P＞0.05) had no significant difference.The prevalence of CKD was 9.58％ in urban and 9.42％ in rural(P＞0.05).The prevalence of albuminuria according to the age distribution was different between urban and rural,which increased along with the age in urban but showed two peaks(30-40 years old and 60-74 years old) in rural.Based on logistic regression analysis,the risk factors for albuminuria were diabetes,hyperuricemia,the history of cardiovascular disease,chronic tonsillitis and HBsAg positive.The risk factors for kidney function decline were age,hyperuricemia,hypertension,diabetes,renal lithiasis and history of cardiovascular disease.The awareness rate of CKD in urban was significantly higher than that in rural (14.45％ vs 6.27％,P＜0.05).Conclusions The prevalenceof CKD has no significant difference between urban and rural in Guangxi province.The awareness rate of CKD in urban is significantly higher than that in rural.It is needed to enhance the prevention and treatment of CKD in rural.

To investigate the effects of Losartan,an angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)receptor(AT_1) antagonist,on pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs)and its possible mechanisms.Methods (1)PSCs were isolated from pancreatic cancerous samples to test the expressions of AT_1 and collagenⅠafter incubated with AngⅡor/and Losartan.(2)Ninety S-D rats were divided into normal group,control group and treatment group,with 30 rats in each.The rats in control and treatment groups were induced pancreatic fibrosis by injection of 2% trinitrobenenze sulfonic acid(TNBS)into biliopancreatic duct.Rats in treat- ment group were then treated with Losartan by garage daily and rats in control group were only given distilled water.The rats were sacrificed on day 3,7,14,21 and 28,respectively,and pancreas were removed.The histological abnormalities were observed by electron microscope.The mRNAs of trans- forming growth factor?_1(TGF?_1)and procollagenⅠwere detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of TGF?_1 and?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the level of?-SMA protein was quantified by Western blot. Results In vitro,there existed AT_1 expression in PSCs,and Losartan reduced expression of collagenⅠ.Losartan treatment reversed the histological abnormalities observed by electron microscope,com- pared to treatment with distill water.The expression of?-SMA,TGF?_1 and procollagenⅠwere signifi- cantly higher in the control group than those in normal group and were reduced by Losartan to different extent in treatment group.Conclusion AT_1 antagonist can inhibit the activation and the profibrogenic action of PSCs by blocking AT_1 receptor-mediated pathways.

OBJECTIVETo construct the adenoviral vector containing human Bcl-2 gene and to study the expression of the gene in the spiral ganglion cells (SGC) in vitro.

METHODSHuman Bcl-2 cDNA obtained from the plasmid pUC-CAGGS/Bcl-2 was cloned into the plasmid pAdTrack-CMV. Then, pAdTrack/Bcl-2 was cotransferred with adenoviral backbone vector into E. coli strain BJ5183. The recombinant adenoviral plasmid was identified by restriction analysis with Pac I and transfected into HEK293 cells to package and amplify recombinant adenovirus particles which would be identified by Electron microscope. After the adenovirus infected the rat spiral ganglion cells, the expression of Bcl-2 gene was detected by Western Blot and RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe recombinant AdEGFP/Bcl-2 plasmid was correctly constructed and confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis. The viral particles in HEK293 cells were identified by Electron microscope. RT-PCR and Western blot showed that Bcl-2 gene was exactly transcripted and expressed in transgene SGC.

CONCLUSIONSThe method based on homologous recombination in bacteria is simple and high efficient. The recombinant adenoviral vector containing human Bcl-2 cDNA was constructed and the transgene SGC expressed human Bcl-2 gene in vitro successfully. It provided foundation for the further study of protection for the impaired SGC by hBcl-2 gene.

Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Genes, Homeobox ; Genes, bcl-2 ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombination, Genetic ; Spiral Ganglion ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Transgenes

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effects of perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker on TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta receptor II mRNA, Smad3 and Smad7 on rat liver fibrosis.

METHODS60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (each group, n=15). Group 1 rats were not treated and served as healthy controls. The rats of groups 2,3,and 4 were injected with CCl(4) which induced liver fibrosis. After four weeks, group 3 rats started a treatment of perindopril, and group 4 rats with valsartan. All rats were sacrificed at the eighth week and their blood and livers were collected for analysis. The effects of perindopril and valsartan were evaluated by the levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFb1), and TGF receptor (TGFb1RII) mRNA in liver tissues by RT-PCR, the expressions and sites of TGFb1, Smad3 and Smad7 in liver tissue by immunohistochemical staining. The liver histopathology was also examined with HE staining, and the hydroxyproline in the liver and serum hyaluronic acid (HA) were examined using biochemsitry and RIA.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the levels of TGFb1, TGFb1RII mRNA and the expression Smad3 were significantly decreased in the two treated groups, and the expression of Smad7 was also remarkably increased in the livers of rats treated with perindopril or valsartan. The histological changes of fibrosis, the hydroxyproline in the livers and HA were also improved in the treated rats.

CONCLUSIONPerindopril and valsartan have a protective effect on liver injury and can inhibit hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4) in rats. Their mechanisms may be associated with their effects of down-regulating TGFb1, TGFb1RII mRNA and smad3, and up-regulating Smad7 which then resulted in suppressing the activation of hepatic stellate cells.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Female ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Male ; Perindopril ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Smad3 Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Smad7 Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tetrazoles ; pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Valine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Valsartan

OBJECTIVEObserve the effects of Goutengsan on SOD, MAO-B, GSH-PX, NO, LDH, index of brain, rate of death and so on in rats to study therapeutic effects and mechanism of Goutengsan on Alzheimer dementia (AD) model.

METHODOne hundred and twenty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, 3 experimental groups of which were daily administrated with Goutengsan extract whereas the model and control groups were given NS (0.01 mL x g(-1)). Aniracetam at 0.1 g x kg(-1) served as a positive control. At the 5th day after administration, all groups except the control were administrated (ip) with AlCl3 (100 mg x kg(-1) ) for successive 50 days at 1 day interval. After administration, the death rate, body weight, training scores, brain index, MAO-B, SOD, GSH-Px in brain and NO, LDH in serum were determined.

RESULTThe brain index, SOD, GSH-Px activities as well as NO content of drug-treated groups were strikingly higher that of model group, and had not obvious difference from that of normal group except content of LDH was higher.

CONCLUSIONGoutengsan could increase the brain index, cut down the rate of death, stable increase of body weight, promote the endogenous antioxidant activity, enhance the clearance of lipid peroxide and other metabolic waste, inhibit the MAO-B activity, reduced the leakage of LDH and maintain the content of NO at a normal level. Therefore Goutengsan could protect cells, delay senile, improve symptoms of AD.

Aluminum Compounds ; pharmacology ; Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Memory ; drug effects ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Pyrrolidinones ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective:To compare the safety and effectiveness of two minimally invasive approaches for multi-vessel coronary revascularization.Methods:From August 2014 to February 2017,70 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting in Peking University Third Hospital were randomly divided into two groups.In one group,40 patients underwent staged-hybrid coronary revascularization (staged-HCR) treatment;in the other group,30 patients underwent minimally invasive total arterial revascularization with bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA).In staged-HCR group,the patients underwent minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure for treatment of multi-vessel disease.In BITA group,the patients underwent total arterial coronary artery bypass grafting with composite "Y" BITA graft.Preoperative and postoperative data of the two groups,including postoperative blood usage,mechanical ventilation time,domiciling duration in intensive care unit (ICU),major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular event (MACCE),and postoperative coronary angiography results were compared,in order to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of these surgical approaches.Results:The preoperative characteristics of 70 patients in the two groups showed no significant difference.All the patients underwent successfully,elective minimally invasive multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting as scheduled preoperatively.Postoperative result showed the patients in staged-HCR group took advantages in less postoperative mechanical ventilation time [Staged-HCR group (11.2 ± 8.7) h vs.BITA group (18.3 ± 9.1) h,P =0.013],shorter domiciling duration in ICU [Staged-HCR group (26.29 ± 4.05) h vs.BITA group (44.74 ± 28.75) h,P =0.022],and less total drainage [Staged-HCR group (695.57 ± 250.46) mL vs.BITA group (1 103.26±547.44) mL,P =0.03] than the patients in the group of minimally invasive total arterial revascularization with BITA.Postoperative in hospital coronary angiography showed satisfactory graft patency rates in both groups [97.5％ in Staged-HCR group vs.97.8％ in BITA group].No MACCE occurred in both groups during hospitalization.Conclusion:Staged-HCR is a feasible method for the treatment of multi-vessel revascularization involving right coronary artery.Minimally coronary revascularization with BITA is associated with superior long-term graft patency and it's recommended for patients who could not tolerate dual-antiplatelet therapy.This study shows that both minimally invasive surgical approaches are safe and effective for treatment of patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease.