ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of the vascular ultrasound testing technique on detecting large arterial lesions in neck. MethodsVascular ultrasound testing and digital substraction angiography(DSA) were performed on 75 arteries in 53 consecutive patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, transient ischemic attack(TIA) or cerebral infarction.The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of vascular ultrasound testing on moderate stenosis(50%—69%), severe stenosis(70%—99%),or occlusion of arterial lesions in neck were analysed by means of cross tabulation, using DSA as the standard of reference. ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of vascular ultrasound testing on arterial lesions of moderate stenosis, severe stenosis and occlusion were 85.7%,78.9%,84.0%;90.2%,88.2%,89.3%;93.3%,95.0%,94.6%,respectively.The complete corresponding rate between the two type of tests was 73.3%. ConclusionThe vascular ultrasound testing technique shows high accuracy on detecting large arterial lesions, especially on severe stenosis or occlusion in neck. It can be applied extensively in prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective:To explore the cause and treatment of hemorrhage in laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods:The clinical data of 112 cases of LC were analyzed to summarize the causes and treatment of hemorrhage.Results:The causes of hemorrhage in LC included subjective and objective elements.All of them were successfully hemostatic in different ways including reclamping,coagulation,suturing,packing hemostasis and suspension of falciform ligament of liver.Conclusion:Hemorrhage is the serious and most common complication in LC,but it can be avoided through an immediate and effective process.

Objective To observe the CT findings of hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen. Methods CT findings of cochlear nerve foramen were observed in 50 volunteers (100 ears)and in 9 cases with hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen.The width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve were measured in both groups.Results The fissure in the cribriform area were seen in every volunteers.The width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve was (2.32?0.25)mm in normal group.The stenosis of cochlear nerve foramen were shown in 9 cases (10 ears),the lacking of fissure in the cribriform area were seen in 8 ears, while the fissure were shown in 2 cases.The stenosis of internal auditory canal was shown in 4 cases. Abnormality of vestibule and horizontal semicircular canal was shown in one case.The maximum value of the width of the bony canal for the cochlear nerve was 1.5mm,the minimum value was 0.9 mm.Conclusions The typical CT findings of hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen were stenosis of cochlear nerve foramen,the lacking of fissure in the cribriform area and cochlear nerve foramen without helix shape.The hypoplasia of cochlear nerve foramen may be a subtype of cochlear dysplasia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of cardioplegic solution enriched with different doses of glutathione on myocardial injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).MethodsForty-eight ASA [Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients aged 2-5 yr undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect under CPB were randomly divided into 4 groups (n ＝ 12 each):control group (group C) and cardioplegic solution containing 3 different-dose of glutathione groups ( group G1-3 ).Glutathione 50,75,100 mg/kg were added to cardioplegic solution in group G1-3 respectively.Blood samples were collected before operation (T0),at 30 min after release of aortic cross-clamp (T1),at 6,12,24 h after termination of CPB (T2-4) for determination of plasma cTnI concentration.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right auricle before aortic cross-clamp and 15 min after release of aortic cross-clamp.The ultrastructure of myocardium was examined with scanning electron microscope.A mitochondrial FlaMeng semiquantitative analysis was done.ResultsThe plasma concentration of cTnI at T3,4 were significantly lower in groups G1,2 than in group C.The plasma concentration of cTnI at T1-4 were significantly lower in group G3 than in group C and group G1,2.The quantization score of myocardial mitochondria at 15 min after release of aortic cross-clamp were significantly lower in group G3 than in group C and group G1,2.Micorscopic examination showed that the injury to myocardial ultrastructure was attenuated in group G3 compared with group C.Conclusion Cardioplegic solution enriched with glutathione can reduce myocardial injury induced by CPB in a dose dependent manner.Glutathione 100 mg/kg can exert a visibly protective effect on myocardium.

Objective To evaluate the effects of mild hypothermia therapy on cerebral function and edema as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) during the first 72 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)in a porcine model.Methods Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 33 Inbred Wuzhishan miniature swine.After ventricular fibrillation untreated for 8 min,standard CPR was initiated and 30 animals got ROSC.The ROSC animals were randomly (random number)assigned to normothermia group (n=15 ) and hypothermia group (n =15 ).The hypothermia group immediately received endovascular cooling to regulate temperature to 33 ℃,which was maintained for 12 h,followed by passive rewarming at 0.5 ℃/h to 37 ℃.The two groups were scanned to get Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)at baseline (before experiment),6 h,12 h,24 h,and 72 h after ROSC.The statistical analysis was carried out with Student t test,One-way repeated-measures and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results Compared with the normothermia group,the hypothermia group exhibited a higher 72-h survival rate (73.3% vs.40%,P<0.05),lower neurological deficit scores (43.81 vs.119.50;P<0.01),a lesser decrease in the apparent diffusion coefficient during DWI and milder cerebral edema on DWI image. Conclusions Cerebral edema occurred at early stage after ROSC.Cerebral edema was worst at 6 hours after ROSC and then subsided gradually.Hypothermia therapy could reduce cerebral edema and produce a protective effect on neurological function.MRI could effectively reflect the underlying trend of cerebral injury of swine within the first 72 h after ROSC,and demonstrated that hypothermia could reduce brain edema, increase cerebral blood flow,and reduce the production of toxic metabolites.DWI could monitor brain injury after resuscitation and could be used to evaluate the efficacy of hypothermia intervention dynamically.

OBJECTIVETo construct DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) low expression 16HBE cell line and observe the variation of cell cycle and global genomic DNA methylation.

METHODSThe method of Lenti-virus induced RNA interference was applied to introduce four different shRNA fragment into 16HBE cells. Flow cytometry and 5-mC immunofluorescence methods were used to observe the cell cycle and global DNA methylation status of DNMT1 low expression 16HBE cells.

RESULTSThe DNMT1 protein relative expression level of 16HBE-shDNMT1-4 cell line was down regulated about 44% (P < 0.05) compared with the control. No obvious differences of cell cycle and global genome DNA methylation status were observed between the 16HBE and 16HBE-shDNMT1.

CONCLUSIONThe DNMT1 gene low expression cell is successfully constructed, and there are no obvious changes happened on the cell cycle and global genomic DNA methylation.

Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Objective We explored the stability of the bacteria strains used in the Ames test to provide a basis for determining the appropriate passage number at which the biological characteristics of the strains would not change. Methods The Salmonella typhimurium (TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains) were selected as the experimental strains.The original frozen strains and frozen strains with different passage times were used to compare the biological characteristics and the spontaneously reverting colonies. Results The biological characteristics of four kinds of strains, which were histidine deficiency, lipidpolysaccharide barrier defect, ampicillin resistance, UV sensitivity, and tetracycline resistance, did not change at F1-F6 generation when compared with the F0 generation.However, as for the number of spontaneously reverting colonies, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) occurred at F3 generation when compared with F0 generation for the TA97a strain, and a significant difference (P < 0.05) occurred at F4 generation for TA100 and TA102 strains. Conclusion Passage number of strains used in Ames test could affect their spontaneous reversion mutation rate.The passage number should be less than 4 for TA98、TA100、TA102 strains, and less than 3 for TA97a in Ames test.

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical efficacy of limited external fixation with plastic paperboard in treating senile proximal comminuted humeral fracture. METHODS: From June 2015 to December 2017, 32 senile patients with proximal comminuted fracture of humerus were treated with plasticized cardboard after manual external fixation. Among them, including 13 males and 19 females aged from 55 to 85 years old with an average of(68.22±8.36) years old; 18 patients on the left side and 14 patients on the right side; all patients were regularly review shoulder X-rays and performed appropriate functional exercises. Constant-Murley shoulder joint scoring was used to evaluate clinical effects. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months with an average of (4.97±2.39) months. All patients were underwent functional exercise under guidance of physicians. Nine patients were treated with topical Chinese herbal moist heat compresses to promote shoulder function recovery. Thirty-one patients were obtained fracture healing, the time ranged from 5 to 12 weeks with an average of(7.44±1.72)weeks. One patient was not healed due to comminuted fracture of fracture end and the separation was large, the blood supply to humeral head was insufficient for necrosis absorption. Postoperative Constant-Murley shoulder score at 3 months was 87.56±6.93; 15 patients got excellent results, 14 good, 2 fair and 1 poor. CONCLUSIONS Limited external fixation with plastic paperboard for the treatment of senile proximal comminuted humeral fracture could ensure biomechanical stability of fracture, promote early recovery of shoulder joint function and shorten recovery time.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plastics ; Shoulder Fractures ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo improve cell retention on the graft with dual cell seeding technique, adding a layer of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) between the graft and endothelial cells (ECs).

METHODSPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts pretreated with fibronectin were seeded with SMC followed by ECs one day later and exposure to an in vitro flow system. The number of ECs on grafts was counted under microscope.

RESULTSAfter exposure to the flow for 1 hour, 61% of the ECs lost when the ECs were seeded alone, whereas only 27% of the ECs lost when the ECs were seeded on the top of SMCs. Preconditioning of a cell seeded graft in a low rate flow did not improve cell retention when late exposure to a higher rate flow.

CONCLUSIONThis in vitro study indicates that using SMCs as a media layer between ECs and graft surface can improve the retention of seeded ECs on PTFE graft.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cell Adhesion ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Fibronectins ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Prosthesis Design ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Holmes-Adie syndrome (HAS) is a clinical syndrome mainly characterized by tonic pupil and disappearance of tendon reflex. It is mostly idiopathic and can also be seen in cerebral diseases, such as trauma, infection and tumors. However, it is rarely reported to be accompanied with myasthenia gravis (MG). We report a case of MG and HAS, whose clinical manifestations were fluctuation of limb weakness, breathing difficulties, right ptosis. Her pupils were unequal: the left pupil was 3 mm, the right pupil was 2 mm, direct and indirect light reflex was slow in left pupil, and right pupil was sensitive to light reflex. The left eye pupil shrank to 2 mm after dripped pilocarpine diluent for 10 minutes, while the right pupil was still 2 mm. Chest CT examination revealed thymoma. After treatment with thymectomy, glucocorticoid, immunoglobulins and tacrolimus, her symptoms of MG were improved, but the left pupil diameter and light reflex were not changed. Combined with the patient's symptoms, physical signs and examinations, this patient was diagnosed as MG accompanied with HAS.