Knowledge about the neuronal dynamics and the projectome are both essential for understanding how the neuronal network functions in concert. However, it remains challenging to obtain the neural activity and the brain-wide projectome for the same neurons, especially for neurons in subcortical brain regions. Here, by combining in vivo microscopy and high-definition fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography, we have developed strategies for mapping the brain-wide projectome of functionally relevant neurons in the somatosensory cortex, the dorsal hippocampus, and the substantia nigra pars compacta. More importantly, we also developed a strategy to achieve acquiring the neural dynamic and brain-wide projectome of the molecularly defined neuronal subtype. The strategies developed in this study solved the essential problem of linking brain-wide projectome to neuronal dynamics for neurons in subcortical structures and provided valuable approaches for understanding how the brain is functionally organized via intricate connectivity patterns.
Animals ; Neurons/physiology* ; Mice ; Brain/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology* ; Neural Pathways/physiology* ; Hippocampus/physiology* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Male ; Brain Mapping ; Nerve Net/physiology* ; Substantia Nigra/physiology* ; Tomography, Optical/methods*

Objective:To develop an automated landmark location system applicable to the case of landmark missing.Methods:Four and eighty-one lateral cephalograms, which contained 240 males and 241 females, with an average age of (24.5±5.6) years, taken from January 2015 to January 2021 in the Department of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, and met the inclusion criteria were collected. Five postgraduate orthodontic students were the annotators to manually locate 61 possible landmarks in 481 lateral cephalograms. Two assistant professors in the department as reviewers performed calibration. Two professors as arbitrators, made final decision. Data sets were established (341 were used as training set, 40 as validation set, and 100 as test set). In this paper, an automatic landmarks identification and location model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), CephaNET, was developed. The model was trained by feeding the original image into the feature extraction module and convolutional pose machine (CPM) module to locate landmarks with high accuracy using deep supervision. Training set was enhanced to 1 684 images by histogram equalization, cropping, and adjustment of brightness. The model was trained to compare the Gaussian heat maps output from the network with the set threshold to identify landmark missing cases. Test set of 100 lateral cephalograms was used to test the accuracy of the model. The evaluation criteria used were success detection rate of missing landmark, mean radial error (MRE) and success detection rate (SDR) in the range of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mm.Results:The model identified and located 61 commonly used landmarks in 0.13 seconds on average. It had an average accuracy of 93.5% in identifying missing landmarks. The MRE of our testing set was (1.19±0.91) mm. SDR of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mm were 85.4%, 90.2%, 93.5%, 95.4%, 97.0% respectively.Conclusions:The model proposed in this paper could adapt to the absence of landmark in lateral cephalograms and locate 61 commonly used landmarks with high accuracy to meet the requirements of different cephalometric analysis methods.

AIM To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of pulegone,prim-O-glucosylcimifugin,5-O-methylvisammioside,columbianadin,saikosaponin a,saikosaponin d,ferulic acid,naringin,liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid in Jingfang Granules.METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 30℃thermostatic ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.8 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-0.1%formic acid flowing at 0.3 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Ten constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r>0.996 5),whose average recoveries were 96.7%-98.8%with the RSDs of 0.9%-1.9%.CONCLUSION This rapid,simple,sensitive and specific method can be used for the quality control of Jingfang Granules.

Objective To study the feasibility of clinical application of an individualized customized material. Methods Five batches of individualized customized materials were randomly selected, from which 10 cm × 11 cm samples were intercepted for experimental analysis. Among them, 10 cm × 10 cm materials were selected to perform dosimetric analysis and HU change analysis before and after irradiation with a radiotherapy dose for breast cancer of 50 Gy as the irradiation basis. The center Point 1 on the lower surface of the individualized material and the center Point 2 of the solid water volume were selected for dosimetric analysis before and after the sample is irradiated. After reaching a sufficient amount of irradiation, the 1 cm × 10 cm materials intercepted in the center position and the remaining 1 cm × 10 cm materials after the first sampling were sent to the material science laboratory for analysis of physical properties of density, viscosity, hardness, and tear strength. Results In the comparative analysis of HU values before and after exposure, after receiving 50 Gy dose irradiation, the difference rate of HU value was 5.252%, which was close to the expected 5% difference rate in clinical medicine. In the dosimetric analysis of Point 1 and Point 2, the dose in the irradiated samples was significantly higher than that in the unirradiated samples; the dose in Point 1 increased by 3.742%, and the dose in Point 2 increased by 2.039%. Before and after irradiation, except for the physical density which showed a significant difference, there was no significant difference in viscosity, hardness, and tear strength. Conclusion The individualized customized material can meet the requirements of routine clinical medicine.

Professor
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Angina, Stable ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Moxibustion

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-aging effects and reveal the underlying mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi ethanol extract (SBG) in D-galactose-induced rats. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: vehicle control group, D-galactose group, and D-galactose combined with 50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1) SBG. A rat aging model was induced by injecting subcutaneously D-galactose (100 mg x kg(-1)) for ten weeks. At the tenth week, the locomotor activity (in open-field test) and the learning and memory abilities (in Morris water maze test) were examined respectively. The urine was collected using metabolic cages and analyzed by high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analyses. The SBG at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg x kg(-1) treatments groups could significantly ameliorate aging process in rats' cognitive performance. The 50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1) SBG regulated citrate, pyruvate, lactate, trimethylamine (TMA), pantothenate, β-hydroxybutyrate in urine favorably toward the control group. These biochemical changes are related to the disturbance in energy metabolism, glycometabolism and microbiome metabolism, which is helpful to further understanding the D-galactose induced aging rats and the therapeutic mechanism of SBG.
Aging ; drug effects ; Animals ; Galactose ; Memory ; drug effects ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Rats ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-aging effects and reveal the underlying mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi ethanol extract (SBG) in D-galactose-induced rats. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: vehicle control group, D-galactose group, and D-galactose combined with 50, 100, 200 mg·kg^-1 SBG. A rat aging model was induced by injecting subcutaneously D-galactose (100 mg·kg^-1) for ten weeks. At the tenth week, the locomotor activity (in open-field test) and the learning and memory abilities (in Morris water maze test) were examined respectively. The urine was collected using metabolic cages and analyzed by high-resolution ¹H NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analyses. The SBG at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg·kg^-1 treatments groups could significantly ameliorate aging process in rats' cognitive performance. The 50, 100, 200 mg·kg^-1 SBG regulated citrate, pyruvate, lactate, trimethylamine (TMA), pantothenate, β-hydroxybutyrate in urine favorably toward the control group. These biochemical changes are related to the disturbance in energy metabolism, glycometabolism and microbiome metabolism, which is helpful to further understanding the D-galactose induced aging rats and the therapeutic mechanism of SBG.

Objective To discusses the clinical significance of XRCC1 399 and TYMS 5'-translation section enhancement subsequence polymorphism in guidance the postoperative individual chemotherapy for patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.Methods Retrospectively analyze the results of 150 cases from February 2010to June 2014.Statistical analysis with SPSS 21.0.Results Three of the most common gene type of XRCC1 399 is Arg/Arg(58.7％),Arg/Gln(36.7％) and Gln/Gln(4.6％),respectively.Three of the most common gene type of TYMS is 3R/3R (70.7％),2R/3R (25.3％) and 2R/2R (4.0％),respectively.Conclusion In resected non-small cell lung cancer,XRCC1 399 Arg/Arg genotype is the most common,followed by Arg/Gln type.At the sarne time,TYMS gene type 3R/3R accounted for more than 70％,especially higher percentage of in adenocarcinoma.Neither of these two gene polymorphism is recommended as marker to guide the postoperative individual chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) immediately after radical surgery for high- risk organ-confined or locally advanced prostate cancer using the PSA-related biochemical relapse rate within 2 years after surgery.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 62 cases of high-risk organ-confined or locally advanced prostate cancer. The patients were treated by laparoscopic radical prostatectomy or radical retropubic prostatectomy after MRI and ECT systemic bone imaging examination, which revealed no regional lymph node or bone metastasis. Thirty-two of the patients (group A) received AHT orally or subcutaneously from 2 weeks to 1 months after operation, and another 30 (group B) were left untreated. We followed up the patients for 2 years, measuring the serum PSA level every 3 months, performing ECT every 6 months, and recording the adverse reactions, medication dura- tion, and the patients'quality of life.

RESULTSAll the operations were successfully accomplished. The rate of 2-year biochemical relapse-free survival was 78.13% (25/32) in group A and 53.33% (16/30) in group B.

CONCLUSIONAHT immediately after radical surgery can improve the rate of biochemical relapse-free survival of the patients with high-risk organ-confined or locally advanced prostate cancer and check the progression and metastasis of the disease.

Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease Progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; blood ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on toxicity characteristic and OCT4 and SOX2 gene expression of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC).

METHODSmESC were cultured, and treated with the doses of 10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4) mol/L respectively of BPA and DMSO (the solvent control group)for 24 hours, and three groups of cells were treated with the same method. The morphological changes of mESC in the control and exposure groups were observed through an inverted microscope. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) was used to detect the effects of BPA on proliferation of mESC, and based on the results, the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of OCT4 and SOX2.

RESULTSBPA had certain toxicity on mESC, the treatment of BPA significantly increased cell toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, and the IC50 was 4.3×10(-4) mol/L, combined with the BPA exposure concentration of the environment and the related literature, eventually taking the five concentrations of 10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4) mol/L as the experimental groups. The mESC morphology were effected after the treatment of BPA for 24 h, compared with the control group, the number of cells decreased, appearing some floating cells, and the cell cloning became irregular and differentiation in the higher concentration groups. The OCT4 mRNA expression level in the 10(-7) mol/L (1.146 ± 0.087), 10(-6) mol/L (1.156 ± 0.030), 10(-5) mol/L (1.158 ± 0.103) and the 10(-4) mol/L (1.374 ± 0.053) dose group were all significantly higher than the control group (1.000 ± 0.000) (t values were -2.384, -2.953, -3.203, -4.021 respectively, P value all < 0.05). Meanwhile, the SOX2 mRNA expression level in the 10(-4) mol/L (1.113 ± 0.052) were higher than the control group (1.000 ± 0.000) (t value was -2.765, P value < 0.05). Moreover, the OCT4 protein expression level in the 10(-5) mol/L (1.360 ± 0.168) and 10(-4) mol/L (1.602 ± 0.151) were all significantly higher than the control group (1.000 ± 0.000) (t values were -3.538, -4.002 respectively, P value all < 0.05), while no obvious change of the SOX2 protein expression level was detected in all treated groups.

CONCLUSIONBPA in a certain dose range could upregulate the expression of OCT4 gene in mouse embryonic stem cells while had no significant effect on the expression of SOX2 gene.

Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; toxicity ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ; genetics ; Phenols ; toxicity ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects