Objective To determine the serum level of pepsinogenⅠ,Ⅱ(PGⅠ,PGⅡ) and PGⅠ/Ⅱin the residents from Zhuanghe county,a high risk area of gastric cancer in North China,and to explore their distribution as well as related factors.Methods Serum PGⅠand PGⅡlevels were detec- ted with ELISA method in 6990 subjects.Gastric diseases were diagnosed by endoscopy and histopatho- logic examination.Serum H.pylori-IgG antibody was determined by ELISA method.Results The me- dian values for PGⅠ,PGⅡ,PGⅠ/Ⅱwere 86.9/?g/L,10.6/zg/L and 8.1 respectively.Serum PGⅠand PGⅡin male(95.2?g/L,12.1?g/L) were significantly higher than those in female(79.7?g/L, 9.4?g/L;P=0.000),PGⅠ/Ⅱratio(7.9) was significantly lower in male (8.3,P=0.000).There were significantly decrease in PGⅠ/Ⅱratio along with age increase.PGⅠ/Ⅱratio decreased signifi- cantly following with progression of gastric mucosa from normal (10.4) to non-atrophic lesions(8.8) and to atrophic lesions (6.6).Serum PGⅠand PGⅡin H. pylori positive subjects (88.7?g/L,11.4?g/L) were significantly higher than those in H.pylori negative subjects (81.4?g/L,8.4?g/L;P= 0.000),PGⅠ/Ⅱratio(7.7) was significantly lower in H.pylori positive subjects (9.6,P=0.000). For patients with atrophic lesions,the area under the PGⅠ/ⅡROC curve was 0.622.The best cut-off point for PGⅠ/Ⅱwas 6.9,with sensitivity of 53.2%,and specificity of 67.5%.Factors linked to PGⅠ/Ⅱwere identified using multinomial logistic regression:male (OR:1.151,95% CI:1.042—1.272, P=0.006),age=61(OR:1.358,95% CI:1.188—1.553,P=0.000),atrophic lesion(OR:2.075,95% CI:1.870—2.302,P=0.000),and H.pylori infection (OR:1.546,95% CI:1.368—1.748,P= 0.000).Conclusions The serum PG levels are significantly skewed from normal distrubition in the residents of Zhuanghe county,and affected by age and gender,as well as associated with gastric diseases and H.pylori in- fection.Compared with PGⅠand PGⅡalone,PGⅠ/Ⅱis more suitable for screening gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the synergism and attenuation effects of Pini Pollen on cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in model mice.Methods The models of mouse were induced with S180 tumor and cyclophosphamide.The tumor inhibiting rates, hematology, Liver function, giant cell phagocytosis, hemolysin level and indexes of thymus and spleen were determined to evaluate the synergism and attenuation effects of Pini Pollen(150,300,600 mg/kg) on cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.Results Compared with cyclophosphamide chemotherapy group,the tumor inhibiting rates,white blood cell number,giant cell phagocytosis, hemolysin level and indexes of thymus and spleen were increased, at the same time liver function damage were alleviated significantly in cyclophosphamide plus Pini Pollen groups.Conclusions Pini Pollen has a remarkable synergism and attenuation effects on cyclophosphamide chemotherapy through its immune adjustment functions.

Objective To increase the awareness of thyroid diseases through observing the relationship between ultrasound indications of thyroid and thyroid disease,and to enhance the understanding of thyroid disease through outpatient data.Methods Two hundred women aged 25 to 50 with thyroid imaging data were selected from the Department of Ultrasonography,the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.Seven indications including age,body weight,thyroid volume,the number of nodules,nodule size,nature of nodules and thyroid disease were recorded.Thyroid cases were divided into four groups based on their sonographic changes of color Doppler ultrasound:normal group (136 cases):sonographic changes of thyroid were approximately normal ; mild degree group (9 cases):consisting of patients with mild thyroid disease,diffused thyroid enlargement or combined cystic nodules; moderate degree group (38 cases):consisting of patients with moderate thyroid disease,hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism; severe degree group (17 cases):consisting of patients with severe thyroid disease,thyroiditis and/or with hemorrhage and calcification.Data were analyzed using the method of clinical case observation and SPSS 16.0.Results We found that in mild degree group the discriminant coefficients of thyroid volume,the nature of thyroid nodules and nodule size were 0.085,0.169 and 0.695; but in sever degree group the corresponding values were 0.158,0.344 and 0.484,respectively,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =43.3,df =18,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The nature,size and area of thyroid nodules are closely related to the progression of thyroid disease.The color Doppler ultrasound data of outpatients as a part of hospital statistics have important theoretical and practical value.

Objective:In order to study mechanism of hematogenous metastasis of rectum cancer.Methods:8 specimens of human rectum cancer and 6 specimens of rectum in normal human were examined.The immunohistochemical SP method was employed in study of the expression of ICAM1,CEA and CD31 in the peritumoral rectum tissues and lymphy nodes.Results:The intercellular role in the adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and carcinoma embryonic antigen(CEA) were expressed on the vascular endothelial cells of peritumoral rectum tissues and peritumoral lymph nodes in the rectum cancer.CD31 are expressed on the vascular endothelial cells of rectum tissues from normal human with the same intensity of cancer peritumoral rectum tissues.Conclusion:This study showed that ICAM-1 and CEA seemed to play a stable role in the adhesion effect between cancer cells and endothelial cells.It is not clear whether CD31 plays a role in the interaction between cancer cells and endothelial cells.

Objective To observe the bone density, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) level,relevant parameters of bone metabolism and sex hormones in elderly men with osteoporosis before and after treatment with oral Fosamax for 3 years. Methods The serum OPG level was compared between 72 randomly selected elderly male patients with osteoporosis and age-matched healthy controls. The bone density, serum OPG level, sex hormones, serum calcium and phosphorus,parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteoealein and urine type Ⅰ collegen crosslinked N-telopeptides (NTX),urine calcium and cretinine were tested in all elderly male patients with osteoporosis before and after 3 years of oral Fosamax treatment. The role of OPG in anti-osteoporotic therapy was studied by comparison of the parameters tested during the course of treatment. Results The serum levels of OPG osteoealcin, PTH and urine NTX were obviously higher in elderly men with osteoporosis than in healthy controls [(10.56±2.56) pmol/L vs. (8.91±2.20) pmol/L, (9.544±4.40) g/L vs. (6.774±2.87)rig/L, (70.39±35.58) ng/L vs. (47.11±21.80) ng/L, (72.06±9.78) nmol/L vs. (63.36±14.61)nmol/L, all P<0.05]. After treatment with oral Fosamax , the bone density was significantly increased. However, serum levels of OPG[(8.23±2.96)pmol/L], osteocalcinE(6.18±2.27)μg/L],PTH[(40.46±14.43) ng/L] and urine NTX[(64.83±11.40) nmol/L] were significantly decreased after treatment (all P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed that the improvement of bone density after treatment was closely associated with serum OPG level. Conclusions Serum OPG level in elderly patients with osteoporosis is much higher than that in control group. The improvement in bone density after treatment is associated with the decrease in OPG level. Bone density and relevant parameters of bone metabolism can be improved in elderly male patients with osteoporosis by using oral Fosamax.

Objective: To investigate the mode of cell death caused by NDV strain Changchun and NDV strain Siping. Methods: Plaque formation, cell suppression test, gel electrophoresis, and TUNEL assay were used after the cells were infected by NDV. Results: The apparently pathological changes were observed in chicken embryo fibroblasts, BHK, Hela, Hep 2, HCT and OS 732 tumor cells, but not in Wish cells. The higher suppressed effect on tumor cells was found in the NDV strain Changchun than that in the NDV strain Siping. There was no dose effect relationship between NDV and tumor cell suppression, only optimum dose NDV could cause maximal tumor cells inhibitory effect. Conclusion: The mode of cell death might be different after infection of NDV. The NDV strain Changchun killed tumor cells mainly through apoptosis, while the NDV strain Siping killed tumor cells mainly through necrosis. \[

Natural products are important sources of drug discovery. However, the traditional methods of extraction and isolation, as well as chemical synthesis for obtaining natural products are associated with issues such as operational complexity, high costs, low efficiency, and environmental pollution. Constructing microbial cell factories through synthetic biology methods to produce medicinal natural products has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and environmental protection. Nevertheless, the scope and yield improvement of the products are limited by the limitations of enzymes in microbial cell factories. Protein engineering is considered one of the most effective approaches to overcome these limitations. This article introduces commonly used methods of protein engineering technology and summarizes its specific applications in improving enzyme performance, modifying the enzymatic environment, and promoting the development of synthetic biology tools in the field of pharmaceutical natural product synthesis. Furthermore, it analyzes the current bottlenecks and challenges in protein engineering and looks forward to its future application prospects, offering insights for the development and practical use of protein engineering technology.

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of combined assay of serum PG and OPN concentration for gastric cancer screening.

METHODSPepsinogen I , II and osteopontin (OPN) concentrations in fasting serum were measured by ELISA in 570 subjects, including 144 gastric cancer, 60 dysplasia, 113 atrophic gastritis, 70 erosion or ulcer, 92 superficial gastritis and 91 healthy control. The cut off point for PG and OPN was determined using receiver operator characteristics curves (ROC).

RESULTSUsing a serum PG I concentration < or =80 ng/ml, I: II ration < or =5.0 and OPN concentration > or =34 ng/ml or > or =30.4 ng/ml (based on ROC) for gastric cancer screening,the specificity, positive and negative predictive values were superior to that obtained by PG concentration only. Using a serumPGI concentration < or =50 ng/ml, I : II ration C 5. 0 and OPN concentration > or =35.2 ng/ml or > or =29. 2 ng/ml (based on ROC), the sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values were superior to that obtained by PG concentration only. Combining PG and OPN for gastric cancer screening, both sensitivity and specificity were more than 70% , while with OPN alone, only good specificity can be achieved.

CONCLUSIONCombining different serum PG and OPN concentration for gastric cancer screening is superior to PG or OPN only. This may be used as a new method in gastric cancer mass screening.

Gastritis, Atrophic ; blood ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Osteopontin ; blood ; Pepsinogen A ; blood ; Pepsinogen C ; blood ; Precancerous Conditions ; blood ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; Stomach Ulcer ; blood ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of free radicals in the cochlea of guinea pigs after noise exposure directly using electron spin resonance (ESR) technology. METHOD: Forty-two guinea pigs as experimental group were given (125 +/- 1) dB SPL noise exposure for 2 hours, and then investigated auditory function immediately, at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hour. After ABR examinations, 21 animals decollated and extracted cochlea immediately and then placed the cochleas to liquid nitrogen for deep freezing and measuring free radicals using ESR technology. Another 21 animals observed hair cells morphology by AgNO3 staining. Meantime, 6 animals without noise exposure were served as negative control group. RESULT: A few free radicals were detected in the cochlea at control group and the relative value of free radicals were (21.68 +/- 1.27) dB SPL. After noise exposure, the relative value of free radicals increased obviously and achieved to the max of (147.01 +/- 4.95) dB SPL at 2 h and gradually decreased near the normal level. CONCLUSION Free radicals in the cochlea increase evidently and have a concentration-time rule after acute acoustic trauma. The ESR method can be used to examine the content of free radicals in cochlea for its direct, objective and sensitive characters.
Animals ; Cochlea ; chemistry ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Free Radicals ; analysis ; Guinea Pigs ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; physiopathology

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and to discover the mechanism of EA in preventing and treating cerebral ischemia.
Methods:Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into a sham-operation (SO) group, a model control (MC) group, and an EA group, which were sub-grouped into a 6-hour group and a 24-hour group. In the SO group, rats only received vessel separation with filament placed inside without any treatment. In the MC and EA groups, the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was induced by using modified Longa method with intraluminal filament. The MC group didn’t receive any treatment;the EA group received EA at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) with sparse-dense wave for 30 min. The levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were detected by using Elisa test.
Results: Six hours after ischemia-reperfusion injury, the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the MC group were significantly higher than those in the SO group (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05);the level of serum IL-8 in the EA group was significantly lower than that in the MC group (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in comparing IL-6 and IL-10 between the EA group and the MC group. Twenty-four hours after ischemia-reperfusion injury, the levels of serum IL-6 and IL-8 in the EA group were significantly lower than those in the MC group (both P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in comparing the level of IL-10 among the three groups.
Conclusion:Early intervention by EA can regulate the levels of serum IL-6 and IL-8 in cerebral ischemic injury.