ObjectiveTo investigate the histological features, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis of small cell carcinoma of the prostate.MethodsThe clinical, pathological and follow-up data of two cases of small cell carcinoma of the prostate were respectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed.ResultsTwo cases of small cell carcinoma were diagnosed by transtectal prostate biopsy. Microscopically, the tumor arranged in nest structures and exhibited small round cells with the nuclei extremely hyperchromatic and scanty. Coagulated necrosis was easily observed. The immunohistochemical testing was positive for NSE and negative for PSA 、PAP. Case 1 received palliative surgery and postoperative chemotherapy of EP (VP-16, Cisplatin), and died of recurrence and distant metastasis after six months. Case 2 received palliative surgery and oral bicalutamide treatment, and died of recurrence and liver metastasis after three months.ConclusionsSmall cell carcinoma of the prostate has the biological behavior of invasive growth with an unfavorable prognosis, which is often in an advanced stage at first diagnosis. The ultimate diagnosis depends on histopathology and surgery combined with systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the most effective treatment.

Objective:To explore associations of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with endocrine metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:A total of 321 women who were newly diagnosed as PCOS were recruited from two endocrine outpatient clinics.The diagnosis of PCOS was established according to the 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria.Thyroid function was examined by chemiluminescent immunoassay.Patients who had normal free thyroxine (FT4) were divided into different SCH subgroups according to two thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) cutoffpoints (4.2 and 2.5 mU/L).Endocrine metabolic characteristics in different subgroups were compared and analyzed.Results:In PCOS women with normal FT4,the patients with TSH ≥ 4.2 mU/L had higher prolactin (PRL),luteinizing hormone-to-follicle stimulating hormone ratio,and visceral adipose index (all P<0.05).There were trends toward an increase in triglyceride (P=0.085) and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P=0.060) in the patients with TSH ≥ 4.2 mU/L compared with that in the patients with TSH<4.2 mU/L.Also in PCOS women with normal FT4,the patients with TSH ≥ 2.5 mU/L had higher body mass index,PRL,triglyceride,visceral adipose index and lower HDL-C in comparison of that in the patients with TSH<2.5 mU/L (all P<0.05).Conclusion:SCH is associated with more severe endocrine abnormality,dyslipidemia,and visceral obesity in PCOS women.PCOS women with normal FT4 and endocrine metabolic characteristics are more prone to be different between the SCH group and the euthyroid group when setting 2.5 mU/L as a TSH cutoff for SCH,indicating that 2.5 mU/L is a good TSH cutoff for SCH in PCOS women.

Objective To detect the changes of the NJ001 specific antigen expression before and after surgery, and evaluate whether the NJ001 specific antigen could be used as a serum biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Methods With the method of sandwich ELISA, the serum samples from 85 pancreatic cancer patients, 22 pancreatic benign tumor and 40 healthy controls were detected respectively. The results of the NJ001 specific antigen in the serum samples from 85 pancreatic cancer patients were compared with CA19-9 detected by ECLIA.Results The positive rate of NJ001 for the pancreatic cancer group was obviously higher than that for the benign pancreatic tumor and health control groups[50.6%(43/85) vs 18.2%(4/22), χ2 =7.451, P<0.05; 50.6%(43/85) vs 10.0%(4/40), χ2 =19.098, P<0.05].The difference between benign pancreatic tumor group and health control group had no statistical significance[18.2%(4/22) vs 10.0%(4/40),χ2 =0.845, P>0.05].The positive rate in the group of pancreatic cancer before surgery was higher than that after surgery[50.6%(43/85) vs 23.5%(20/85),χ2=13.341, P<0.05].In addition, the results from 85 pancreatic cancer patients showed the specificity of NJ001 specific antigen was up to 87.1%.Although the positive rate of NJ001 specific antigen for pancreatic cancer was lower than that of CA19-9[50.6%(43/85) vs 75.3%(64/85), χ2 =11.121, P<0.05], it was higher when they combined [ 85.9%( 73/85 ) ] .Conclusions It shows high positive rate of NJ001 specific antigen in the patients of pancreatic cancer in this study, which suggests that NJ001 specific antigen might be a potential valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

We investigated the therapeutic effect of Albizia julibrissin total saponins on mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.Thirty-six ICR mice infected with Trichinella spiralis were randomly divided into 6 groups (each mouse infected with 300 T.spiralis),6 mice in each.Group Ⅰ:infected non-treated group (intestinal phase);group Ⅱ..received Albizia julibrissin total saponins group (intestinal phase);group Ⅲ:received albendazole group (intestinal phase);group Ⅳ:infected nontreated group (muscular phase);group Ⅴ:received Albizia julibrissin total saponins group (muscular phase);group Ⅵ:received albendazole group (muscular phase).Mice of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ group were administered on the second days post-infection(dpi) and continued for 3 days.Mice in these groups were sacrificed 7th dpi and adult worms recovered from the small intestine were counted.Mice of Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ group were administered on the 7th dpi and continued for 14 d.The mice were sacrificed on 40th dpi,and the muscle larvae were counted.HE staining counts muscle larvae and the expression of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and COX-2 in the diaphragm were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results showed that the number of adult worms and larva in groups received Albizia julibrissin total saponins and albendazole were significantly lower than that of infected non-treated group (P＜0.01).The worms reduction rate was 70.34％ and 80.02％ respectively,and the larva were 65.60％ and 90.66％ respectively.Results of HE staining showed the number of encysted larval and the expression of inflammatory cell were significantly reduced.The expression of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and COX-2 was decreased in drug-treated groups.In conclusion,the total saponins of Albizia julibrissin showed adequate efficacy on Trichinella spiralis adults and encapsulated larva.Although the effect is slightly inferior to albendazole,as traditional Chinese medicine extract,it is less toxic.

The DNA fragments of ag85b、esat-6、hsp65、mpb64 and ag85b-esat-6、hsp65-esat-6、mpb64-esat-6 were amplified by PCR and SOE technique.These seven fragments were inserted into pCDNA3.1(+)vector to construct recombinant plasmids pCA、pCE6、pCH、pCM、pCAE、pCHE and pCME.The seven plasmids were transfected into SP2/0 cell in vitro to detect the expression of target genes.BALB/c mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with the seven plasmids and the control vector pCDNA3.1(+)and PBS respectively.The serum antibodies and the spleen lymphocyte proliferation(SLP)and secreted IFN～? of spleen were tested.The results of indirect ELISA showed the levels of antibodies in all recombinant plasmids groups were significantly higher than the two control groups(P

Objective To study the prevalent characteristics and risk factors of viral hepatitis E in Yantai and the relative for strategy on viral hepatitis E control in the area. Methods Data on viral hepatitis E incidence reported by the Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System in 2005-2009 was analyzed. 2028 persons were chosen for hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody detection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. RT-nPCR method was applied to obtain the sequence of HEV in HEV cases. A case-control study was used to identify the risk factors of HEV infection.Results The distribution of HEV cases was sporadic in Yantai, and the annual incidence rate was 5.70/100 000, with spring as the prevalent season. Farmers were the main population involved and with those over the age of 40. Regional distribution was mainly along the coastline. Data from the sequential analysis showed that gene type of local patients was type 4 and healthy person whose HEV-IgM was positive was type 1. Finding from the case-control study suggested that eating seafoods,living condition in the households and unhealthy habits played important roles in the infection of HEV.Results from multiple logistic regression showed that eating seafood, with eat-out history, drinking alcohol and un-boiled water were the main risk factors in the infection of HEV. Conclusion The level of HE in Yantai will maintain in a high level, but there is no chance of epidemic outbreak of HE in large range. Population of incidence mainly concentrates on farmers.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Population ; Sexual Behavior ; Single Person ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy, safety and primary follow-up results of a guidewire looping technique for the treatment of infrapopliteal arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2006 to May 2008, an intraluminal angioplasty of the infrapopliteal arteries was attempted in 200 consecutive patients. Altogether, 417 infrapopliteal lesions, with lengths varying from 2 cm to 32 cm, were treated as part of this study, including 305 lesions in the anterior tibial arteries, 89 in the posterior tibial arteries, and 23 in the peroneal arteries. The 'U'-shaped guidewire technique was attempted in 393 lesions from 361 limbs. The tip of a hydrophilic 0.035-inch guidewire was formed into a 'U' shape with the aid of a 4-Fr catheter and collateral branch vessel to recanalize the completely occluded long segment lesions. RESULTS: A successful angioplasty with at least one artery recanalized directly to the malleolar or dorsal foot was achieved in 322 limbs (89%). The looping technique had a success rate of 90% (352 of 393 lesions). After the procedure, the rest pain was relieved in 58 of 69 patients, while 207 of 245 limbs (85%) showed improvement for intermittent claudication. Complete wound healing was noted in 21 of 54 patients, while 20 of 54 patients showed an improvement in the wound size or depth. A total of 38 major immediate procedure-related complications were noted, including retroperitoneal hematoma, distal emboli, and vessel rupture. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggests that the guidewire looping technique is a safe and effective method for the recanalization of the occluded lesions in infrapopliteal vessels.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angioplasty/*methods ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/*surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot/blood supply/surgery ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Popliteal Artery ; Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDSevoflurane is currently used as a volatile inhalation anesthetic with many clinical advantages. A representative degradation product, compound A, was quantitatively measured to investigate whether there are different reactions between two kinds of water content sevoflurane formulations with different carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbents.

METHODSA closed-circle breathe bag with the Dräger Fabius GS anesthesia apparatus was used as an artificial rubber lung. The experiments were grouped according to different sevoflurane formulations: group A: higher-water sevoflurane (Ultane); group B: lower-water sevoflurane (Sevoness). During the experiment, CO2 (200 ml/min) was continually perfused to keep the end-tidal pressure of CO2 (P(ET)CO2) at 35 - 45 mmHg. The artificial ventilation was set to 6 L/min, and the breathing rate at 12 breaths/min. The circuit was operated with constant fresh gas flow rate (1 L/min) and the sevoflurane concentration was kept at 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for 240 minutes. At 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes, gas was collected from the Y-piece. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to quantify the major degradation product, compound A, with different water content sevoflurane. PETCO2 and sevoflurane concentration, and the temperature of the canister were continuously monitored during the experiment.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in P(ET)CO2 and sevoflurane concentrations between the two groups. Drägersorb 800 plus produced the highest concentrations of compound A compared with other sodalimes, and Sevoness in Drägersorb 800 plus generated more compound A than Ultane (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the peak and average compound A concentrations between Ultane and Sevoness with Drägersorb 800 plus (P < 0.05), while the compound A concentration produced by Sodasorb grase and sofonolime in the two groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the same group, the peak and average of compound A concentration produced by Sodasorb grase and sofonolime showed significant difference with Drägersorb 800 plus (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe water content of sevoflurane and potassium hydroxide in CO2 absorbent can influence compound A production.

Absorption ; Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Ethers ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated ; chemistry ; Methyl Ethers ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDVital capacity induction and tidal breathing induction are currently administered for inhalation induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane. The aim of this study was to compare them using sevoflurane with respect to induction time, complications of inhalation induction, and compound A production in adult patients.

METHODSFifty-one women with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II undergoing mammary gland tumorectomy were randomly assigned to receive either vital capacity induction or tidal breathing induction with 8% sevoflurane at 6 L/min followed by laryngeal mask airway insertion. Induction times, complications of inhalation induction, and vital signs were recorded. Inspired concentrations of compound A were assayed and sofnolime temperatures were monitored at one-minute intervals after sevoflurane administration.

RESULTSThe time to loss of eyelash reflex was significantly shorter with the vital capacity induction technique than with the tidal breathing induction technique ((43.8 ± 13.4) seconds vs. (70.8 ± 16.4) seconds, respectively; P < 0.01). Cardiovascular stability was similar in both groups. The incidence of complications was significantly less with the vital capacity induction technique than with the tidal breathing induction technique (7.7% vs. 32%, respectively; P < 0.01). However, the mean and maximum concentrations of compound A during induction were significantly higher in the vital capacity group than those in the tidal breathing group (P < 0.05); compound A concentration at the beginning of anesthesia maintenance was (40.73 ± 10.83) ppm in the vital capacity group and (29.45 ± 7.51) ppm in tidal breathing group (P = 0.019).

CONCLUSIONFor inhalation induction of anesthesia, the vital capacity induction was faster and produced fewer complications than that for tidal breathing induction, but increased compound A production in the circuit system.

Adult ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; methods ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; pharmacology ; Ethers ; metabolism ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated ; metabolism ; Methyl Ethers ; pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Temperature ; Tidal Volume ; Vital Capacity