Female ; Humans ; Breast Neoplasms ; Testosterone ; Prolactin ; Estradiol ; Testosterone Congeners ; China

OBJECTIVETo study 17β-estradiol (E2), ethinylestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3), estrone (E1) on MCF-7 proliferation effects, and compare the effects of independent action (IA) model with concentration addition (CA) model in assessing the combined effects of estrogen.

METHODSThe combinations of E2 + EE2, E2 + E3 and E2 + E1 were chosen and the cellular proliferation effects were examined by MTT assay.

RESULTSThe maximum proliferation effects at dose of 10⁻⁹ mol/L was 325.48% for E2, 330.34% for EE2, 255.22% for E3, and 199.61% for E1. In the E2 + EE2, E2 + E3, E2 + E1 groups, the results of IA model analysis were very close to the experimental results. The IA model tend to overestimated the experimental results, while the CA model often underestimated the experimental results. In the EC (E2, 30) + C (EE2, 70) group, the results exceed the maximum estrogen effects of E2, while in other groups, the results were lower.

CONCLUSIONSThe estrogenic effects of the four tested substances from high to low efficiency were that: EE2 > E2 > E3 > E1. The effect of IA model in predicting the combined effects of binary mixture was better than CA model. A small proportion of binary mixture showed synergy.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Estriol ; pharmacology ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Estrone ; pharmacology ; Ethinyl Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure maternal plasma androgens, estrogen and leptin levels and to assess the role of these hormones in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. METHODS: The groups consisted of 32 healthy pregnant women as well as 28 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Plasma leptin, total testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstenedione (ADD) levels were measured. Statistical analysis was achieved with Student's t-test by using SPSS for Windows and the Pearson's coefficient of correlation was calculated. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding age, gestational age, body mass index, parity, hematocrit and platelet, whereas significant differences were noted regarding systolic and diastolic blood pressure, gestational weeks at delivery, birth weight, serum creatinine, uric acid and urea (p<0.05). In preeclampsia group, serum total testosterone and ADD levels were determined to be higher than the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in plasma levels of DHEAS and E2 among the two groups. The plasma levels of leptin were not significantly increased in the preeclampsia group. Serum testosterone levels were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic pressure and uric acid and negatively correlated with birth weight. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the elevated plasma levels of testosterone could contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Androgens ; Androstenedione ; Birth Weight ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Creatinine ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Parity ; Plasma* ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnant Women ; Testosterone ; Urea ; Uric Acid

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure maternal plasma androgens, estrogen and leptin levels and to assess the role of these hormones in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. METHODS: The groups consisted of 32 healthy pregnant women as well as 28 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Plasma leptin, total testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstenedione (ADD) levels were measured. Statistical analysis was achieved with Student's t-test by using SPSS for Windows and the Pearson's coefficient of correlation was calculated. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding age, gestational age, body mass index, parity, hematocrit and platelet, whereas significant differences were noted regarding systolic and diastolic blood pressure, gestational weeks at delivery, birth weight, serum creatinine, uric acid and urea (p<0.05). In preeclampsia group, serum total testosterone and ADD levels were determined to be higher than the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in plasma levels of DHEAS and E2 among the two groups. The plasma levels of leptin were not significantly increased in the preeclampsia group. Serum testosterone levels were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic pressure and uric acid and negatively correlated with birth weight. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the elevated plasma levels of testosterone could contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Androgens ; Androstenedione ; Birth Weight ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Creatinine ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Parity ; Plasma* ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnant Women ; Testosterone ; Urea ; Uric Acid

The fragmentation pathways of five estrogens (estradiol, estrone, equilin sulfate, 17 a-dihydroequilin sulfate and equilenin sulfate) have been studied with high resolution and high mass accuracy using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF/MS) in the negative ion mode. Molecular weights were obtained from [M-H](-) ions in the product ion spectra. The results indicate that the five structurally similar estrogens have similar fragmentation pathways. Using their stable isotope forms as internal reference compounds, the accurate mass and composition of the fragment ions were determined. During collision-induced dissociation (CID), cleavage is initiated by loss of oxygen atoms from carbon-17, after which D and C rings cleave sequentially and rearrange to finally form stable conjugate structures with highly abundant characteristic fragment ions at m/z 183 (accompanied by m/z 181), m/z 169 and m/z 145 (accompanied by m/z 143). Understanding these characteristic fragmentation pathways of estrogens will be helpful in identifying the structures of steroid hormones in general.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Equilenin ; chemistry ; Equilin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Estradiol ; chemistry ; Estrogens ; chemistry ; Estrone ; chemistry ; Ions ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

To investigate the effects of the property of drugs and the structure of drug delivery devices on the drug release rate, the effects of sealing methods, length, thickness and drug-loading manner of the silicone tubes on the drug release rate were examined using progestin, testosterone, estradiol as the delivery drugs. The results showed that the property of the drug was the crucial factor to the drug release rate. The sealing methods, length, thickness and drug status of the silicone tubes had significant effects on the drug release rate and the effects were closely related to the property of the drugs. In addition, our newly developed glass-silicone tube has larger drug deposition capability and smaller drug release area, offers an effective and convenient method for the sustained drug delivery with quick release traits in vivo.
Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Estradiol ; administration & dosage ; Progesterone Congeners ; administration & dosage ; Silicones ; Testosterone ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVE: To explore the levels of sex hormones in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its role in the genesis of SLE. METHODS: The serum levels of estradiol, estriol, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin were determined by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay in 98 female patients with SLE and compared with those of 38 healthy women. RESULTS: The serum levels of estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and prolactin were significantly higher than those in the healthy women (P <0.05). The serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin in patients with SLE in 25 to 34 year old group were higher than the other age groups and the control group (P < 0.05), and the serum levels of estradiol and prolactin in patients with active phase of SLE were significantly higher than those in patients with stable phase of SLE (P <0.05). CONCLUSION The levels of sex hormones have a close corretation with the genesis and development of SLE.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Estradiol ; blood ; Estriol ; blood ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; blood ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Progesterone ; blood ; Prolactin ; blood

AIMTo determine the effect of piperazinyl estrone, a new estrogen derivative, on bone turnover, bone mass and uteri in ovariectomized rats.

METHODSFemale Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated (sham) at the age of 3 months and treated with estrone (E) at 0.75 mg.kg-1.d-1, or with piperazinyl estrone (P-E) at 1 or 10 mg.kg-1.d-1, orally, for 3 months. At the time of death, the uterine weight was measured. Bone histomorphometric analysis of proximal tibial metaphyses (PTM) was performed in undecalcified sections.

RESULTSBone histomorphometric data showed that the percent trabecular area (% Tb.Ar) of OVX rats with bone high turnover was significantly decreased. The uteri were atrophied. The percent trabecular area (% Tb.Ar) of estrone treated group was increased in decreasing bone turnover manner. But the size and weight of uteri in this group were increased vs OVX group. The bone loss induced by OVX was preserved by P-E treatment, but the mechanism of maintaining bone is different from that of E-treated rats. P-E treatment in low dose did not decrease any bone formation indices, such as percent labeling perimeter, bone formation rate per bone volume (BFR/BV), except bone mineral apposition rate (MAR) compared with E-treated group, and maintained them at OVX level. The uteri were found to be in atrophy compared with the match dose (0.75 mg) of E-treated OVX rats. But rats treated with high dose of P-E showed the same change like E-treated group.

CONCLUSIONThe finding of this study shows that lower dosage of piperazinyl estrone has effect on preventing the bone losses in OVX rats, while the bone formation and the uterus are not affected, thus supporting the hypothesis that piperazinyl estrone has the potential to prevent postmenopausal bone loss in women with less side effects.

Animals ; Atrophy ; prevention & control ; Bone Density ; Estradiol Congeners ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Estrone ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Osteoporosis ; prevention & control ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uterus ; pathology

AIMTo establish a method to determine the isotope ratios of 13C to 12C of dehydroepiandrosterone and its metabolites in urine, for detecting the source of dehydroepiandrosterone or its metabolites.

METHODSPreliminary separation of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids could be achieved using solid phase extraction, enzymolysis and thin layer chromatography. The source of dehydroepiandrosterone and other endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids could be detected by their delta values with gas chromat ography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

RESULTSThe 5 values of some metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone reduced after the administration of dehydroepiandrosterone preparation. In these cases the data indicated that exogenous anabolic androgenic steroids were administrated.

CONCLUSIONThe source of dehydroepiandrosterone or its metabolites in urine could be detected by measuring their delta values with this method.

Adult ; Androstane-3,17-diol ; urine ; Androsterone ; urine ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; metabolism ; Doping in Sports ; Etiocholanolone ; urine ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnanetriol ; urine ; Substance Abuse Detection ; methods

Bioidentical hormone therapy (BHT) refers to the use of hormones that are molecularly and chemically identical to endogenous hormones for purposes of hormone replacement therapy. The specific hormones used in BHT include estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone and testosterone. Since the result of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial documented the increased risk of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease and stroke in users of conventional hormone therapy (CHT), use of CHT has declined and there has been increased interest in BHT. Bioidentical hormones have some distinctly different physiologic effects compared with synthetic hormones. Synthetic progestin is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease, while natural progesterone is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease. Estriol has some unique physiologic effects, which differentiate it from estrone and estradiol. Estriol is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer and would be expected to prevent breast cancer, but few randomized controlled trials have been documented. Some clinical data demonstrate that BHT is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease, and is more efficacious than synthetic hormones. However, there is little evidence in support of this claim. Moreover, estriol has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Further studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of BHT.
Breast Neoplasms ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Estradiol ; Estriol ; Estrone ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Menopause ; Progesterone ; Stroke ; Testosterone ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Women's Health