Golf has become an increasingly popular sport worldwide. In a survey done by the National Statistical Office of Korea in 2004, it is shown that 3.3% of Koreans who are 15 or older, which is about 1.27 million people, have played golf. Unfortunately, despite the rising popularity of golf, the research on the prevention and treatment of golf-related injuries has been quite lacking in Korea. In terms of sports injuries, golf is considered to have a medium-class injury potential, with most injuries resulting from overuse but other causes such as lack of flexibility, unbalanced muscles, failure in condition management, and inadequate stretching and warm-up/cooldown exercises are also possible. Furthermore, many golfers tend to force themselves into more exercises and rounds even when not having been fully recovered from the initial injury, giving rise to secondary injuries. The prevalence of golf-related injuries varies greatly among researchers, but even with the average of 50%, it can be assumed that about 600,000 Korean golfers are suffering from various kinds of pain and discomfort. The aim of this review is to understand the causes of gold-related injuries and the strategies for the treatment and prevention thereof.
Athletic Injuries ; Exercise ; Golf ; Korea ; Muscles ; Pliability ; Prevalence ; Rehabilitation* ; Sports

Golf has become an increasingly popular sport worldwide. In a survey done by the National Statistical Office of Korea in 2004, it is shown that 3.3% of Koreans who are 15 or older which is about 1.27 million people have played golf. Unfortunately, despite the rising popularity of golf, the research on the prevention and treatment of golf related injury was quite lacking in Korea. In terms of sports injuries, golf is considered to have a medium-class injury potential, with most injuries resulting from overuse but other causes such as lack of flexibility, unbalanced muscles, failures in condition management, inadequate stretching and warm-up/cool-down exercises are also possible. Furthermore, many golfers tend to force themselves in more exercises and rounds even when not fully recovered from the initial injury, risking secondary injuries. The prevalence of golf-related injuries varies much among researchers, but even with the average of 50%, it can be assumed that about six hundred thousand Korean golfers are suffering from various pain and discomfort. It was the purpose of this review to understand the causes of injury, treatment and prevention of golf-related injuries.
Athletic Injuries ; Exercise ; Golf* ; Korea ; Muscles ; Pliability ; Prevalence ; Sports

PURPOSE: We report surgical results and the relationship between hamate hook fracture and flexor tendon rupture occurred during excessive golf practice or rounding. METHODS: The 16 cases of patients with fracture of hamate hook or flexor tendon injury caused by golf swing were examined retrospectively. Hamate hook excision were underwent in fracture alone, flexor tendon reconstruction with tendon transfer of 3rd or 4th flexor digitorum sublimus (FDS) were done in the flexor tendon rupture. Postoperative results were evaluated by means of American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) to compare total range of motion and the grip strength. RESULTS: The fracture gap was not far apart completely in computed tomography (CT) of hamate fracture alone cases. If the flexor tendon rupture with the fracture, the gap in CT was far apart completely. After flexor tendon transfer surgery, two cases were excellent, five cases were good, two cases were fair in ASSH assessment. One case was re-rupture. Grip strength as compared with the normal side was observed for the mean grip strength of 82% recovery. CONCLUSION: The instability of the hamate hook fracture affected to flexor tendon rupture rather than location of the fracture. Hamate hook excision and tendon transfer with FDS can be a good treatment option.
Golf* ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture* ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendon Transfer ; Tendons*

Golf is a popular worldwide sport played regardless of skill level, age, and sex. This characteristic is a major part of appeal. However, the golf swing involves a large range of motion and large forces of whole body and it is associated with a significant number of injuries. Lower back and upper extremity has similarly high injury incidence and followed by lower extremity. Knee, especially anterior cruciate ligament, can be serious in lower extremity injury. Poor swing mechanics and overuse are frequently related. However, injuries are also sustained from hitting the ground or being hit by a golf ball or club.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Back Pain ; Golf ; Incidence ; Knee ; Leg Injuries ; Lower Extremity* ; Mechanics ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spine* ; Sports ; Upper Extremity

The wrist is a common site of injury and the most frequently injured body part among professional golfers. A 37-year-old, right-handed male golfer presented with pain at the ulnar aspect of his left palm, which grew worse after an initial traumatic impact from the golf club handle. There was tenderness over the hypothenar eminence of the left palm. Computed tomography of the left wrist showed an undisplaced fracture through the base of the hamate hook. The golf-induced hamate hook fracture was managed conservatively, with cessation of physical activity involving the left hand and wrist for eight weeks. The patient made a full recovery. Repetitive trauma, exacerbated by improper wrist motion, leads to typical wrist injuries affecting golfers, such as ulnar impaction syndrome, de Quervain's disease, and tendinopathy affecting the flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris, all of which can be diagnosed on imaging.
Adult ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; Golf ; injuries ; Hamate Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Tendinopathy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Wrist Injuries ; diagnostic imaging

This report describes a 22-yr-old professional golfer with acute calcific periarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 4th finger. We considered that the major cause for this condition may be the repeated minor traumas to the affected site. Also, since this condition is self-limiting, a correct diagnosis is required to avoid unnecessary tests and surgery.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Arthralgia/diagnosis/etiology ; Calcinosis/*complications/*radiography ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders/complications/radiography ; Finger Injuries/*complications/*radiography ; Golf/*injuries ; Humans ; Male ; Periarthritis/*etiology/*radiography

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine certain factors associated with occupational injuries and health problems for some female workers in non-standard employment. METHODS: We enrolled 754 female workers that were selected from 1,040 people who had agreed to be surveyed as part of a group or company in either the Seoul and the Kyonggi area. We performed univariate logistic regression on survey data and again performed multivariate logistic regression on those variables that were statistically significant. RESULTS: In this study, the overall incidence of occupational injury for all workers was 12.5%. The incidence rates by position were as follows: 12.9%(insurance saleswoman), 7.4%(telemarketer), 9.2%(visiting teacher), 22%(golf caddy). The most frequent complaint was lower back pain(12.8%) in insurance saleswomen, voice symptoms(37%) in telemarketers, knee and ankle symptoms(33.8%) in golf caddies, and voice symptoms(14.4%) in visiting teachers. The factors related to occupational injuries included job type, and age. The factors related to health problems were job type, psychosocial stress, accident risk, and social support. The percentage of the cases that occurred without fringe benefits including social welfare was 30.4%, and the percentage of "paid out of the person's own pocket" of ways to arrange costs of accidents was 32.5%. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, some female workers in non-standard employment had relatively high level of occupational injuries, accompanied by various health problems. In these occupational classes, the conditions for social insurance and social welfare were poor. It is necessary to expand the application of social insurances including industrial accident compensation insurance. Regardless of job category, psychosocial stress and social support were statistically significant for many symptoms. We believe that measurement of these factors is necessary. In the future, additional studies are required with the use of objective methods for additional job categories.
Accidents, Occupational ; Animals ; Ankle ; Compensation and Redress ; Employment ; Female ; Golf ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insurance ; Knee ; Logistic Models ; Occupational Injuries ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Social Security ; Social Welfare ; Voice

Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle is located in the forearm anteriorly that runs through a synovial fibro-osseous tunnel in the forearm. We described a case of FCR tendon rupture due to repetitive overuse injury. A 55-year-old man, right-hand dominant, presented with right forearm pain and swelling which started 3 days ago while playing amateur golf. Focal tenderness and bruising over volo-ulnar region of the right forearm were examined. Plain radiographs showed soft tissue edema around lesion area and no detectable fracture. Ultrasonography showed multiple hypoechoic lesions suspected as hematoma of the flexor muscle group. After done magnetic resonance imaging, he was diagnosed with rupture of FCR tendon at proximal origin and strain of flexor digitorum superficialis and palmaris longus muscle. He received compressive dressing and restriction of wrist range of motion for three weeks. Two months later, remaining traces of lesions were observed at the follow-up ultrasonography and the pain disappeared.
Bandages ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Golf ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rupture ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist